基于GIS和RS的巢湖流域水土流失评估
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摘要
基于地理信息系统(GIS)和遥感技术(RS),提取了巢湖流域地表覆盖、水土保持措施、坡度坡长、土壤可蚀性、降雨侵蚀力5个主要影响水土流失的因子,并运用修正的通用土壤侵蚀模型(revised univer-sal soil loss equation,RUSLE)估算土壤侵蚀量,生成水土流失等级分布图,从而完成对巢湖流域水土流失现状和空间分布特征的评估分析。结果表明,巢湖流域水土流失主要为微度侵蚀和轻度侵蚀,分别占流域总面积的93.87%和6.04%。此外,坡度和植被覆盖是影响流域土壤侵蚀的主要因素。研究结果可为巢湖流域水土流失治理及决策提供科学参考。
Based on geographic information systems(GIS) and remote sensing(RS),five primary factors affecting soil erosion in the Chaohu Lake basin are extracted,i.e.,vegetation coverage,soil and water conservation measures,terrain,soil erodibility and rainfall erosivity.Meanwhile,the amount of soil erosion is estimated and the distribution map of soil erosion grade was acquired using the revised universal soil loss equation(RUSLE) model.The assessment and analysis of soil erosion status and its spatial distribution patterns in the basin are performed.Numerical results indicate that the dominated soil erosion types in the basin are the very slight erosion and slight erosion that account for 93.87% and 6.04%,respectively.In addition,slope and vegetation coverage are the main factors affecting the soil erosion status in the basin.The findings from the study are valuable for soil erosion control and decision-making for the Chaohu Lake basin.
Based on geographic information systems(GIS) and remote sensing(RS),five primary factors affecting soil erosion in the Chaohu Lake basin are extracted,i.e.,vegetation coverage,soil and water conservation measures,terrain,soil erodibility and rainfall erosivity.Meanwhile,the amount of soil erosion is estimated and the distribution map of soil erosion grade was acquired using the revised universal soil loss equation(RUSLE) model.The assessment and analysis of soil erosion status and its spatial distribution patterns in the basin are performed.Numerical results indicate that the dominated soil erosion types in the basin are the very slight erosion and slight erosion that account for 93.87% and 6.04%,respectively.In addition,slope and vegetation coverage are the main factors affecting the soil erosion status in the basin.The findings from the study are valuable for soil erosion control and decision-making for the Chaohu Lake basin.
引文
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[17]钟霞,薛重生.基于栅格模块地形因子提取及其水土流失评价中的应用:以湖北省房县水土流失评价为例[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(1):92-94.
[18]中华人民共和国水利部.GB/SL190-96土壤侵蚀分类分级标准[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1996.
[2]游松财,李文卿.GIS支持下的土壤侵蚀量估算:以江西省泰和县灌溪乡为例[J].自然资源学报,1999,14(1):62-68.
[3]杨青华,张志,杜军,等.三峡库区下岸溪小流域水土流失现状评估[J].长江科学院院报,2009,26(4):53-56.
[4]邱超.GIS和遥感技术在水土流失定量监测中的应用[J].人民长江,2009,40(9):35-36.
[5]李晓琴,田垄,余珍风.黄河流域水土流失遥感监测[J].国土资源遥感,2009,82(4):57-61.
[6]贺奋琴,何政伟,尹建忠,等.基于遥感和GIS的水土流失因子信息提取与分级定标研究:以攀枝花市为例[J].测绘科学,2006,31(4):126-127.
[7]吴开亚.巢湖流域环境经济系统分析[M].合肥:中国科学技术大学出版社,2008.
[8]陈斌.巢湖流域水土流失现状、成因和综合治理对策[J].华东森林经理,2000,14(4):1-3.
[9]Wischmeier W H,Smith D D.Predicting rainfall ero-sion losses from cropland in east of the RockyMountains[M].Washington D C:US Department of Ag-riculture,1965:282-291.
[10]姚妤,张沛,严力蛟,等.基于RUSLE和景观安全格局的土壤侵蚀风险格局研究:以甘肃省甘南藏族自治州迭部县为例[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(3):161-167.
[11]江青龙,谢永生,张应龙,等.京津水源区小流域土壤侵蚀及其空间分异[J].水土保持通报,2011,31(1):249-255.
[12]Willams J R,Nicks A D,Arnold J G.Simulator for water resources in rural basins[J].Journal of Hygrau-lic Engineering,1985,111(6):970-986.
[13]Wischmeier W H,Smith D D.Predicting rainfall ero-sion losses:A guide to conservation planning[M].Washington D C:US Department of Agriculture,1978:537-542.
[14]Liu B Y,Nearing M A,Risse L M.Slope gradient effects on soil loss for steep slopes[J].Transactions of the ASAE,1994,37(6):1835-1840.
[15]McCool D K,George G E,Freckleton M,et al.Topo-graphic effect of erosion from cropland in the North-western Wheat Region[J].Transactions of ASAE,1993:771-775.
[16]江忠善,郑粉莉.坡面水蚀预报模型研究[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(1):66-69.
[17]钟霞,薛重生.基于栅格模块地形因子提取及其水土流失评价中的应用:以湖北省房县水土流失评价为例[J].水土保持研究,2004,11(1):92-94.
[18]中华人民共和国水利部.GB/SL190-96土壤侵蚀分类分级标准[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1996.
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