节理岩体物理模拟与超声波试验研究
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摘要
以三维各向异性介质弹性波方程为理论基础,给出具有不同节理面岩体的数学物理模型,将具有典型节理构造的岩体分别简化为横向各向同性和单斜各向异性介质,并得出各向异性介质中的弹性波在遇节理面发生反射、透射后沿不同传播方向的传播速度。根据上述数学物理模型制备节理岩体物理模型,相对于节理面以不同的入射角度进行超声波波速测试,试验证明,超声波波速对于物理模型中节理面的影响十分敏感,节理面的存在使弹性波传播速度重新分布,在合理布置测点的情况下,对节理面的存在及方向识别较为准确。在实际工程中,通过合理布置测点的超声波测试,可以对工程岩体中节理裂隙发育的优势方向进行判断,有效地反映岩体结构面的各向异性,为实际工程提供数据资料。
The mathematical-physical model is established based on the elastic wave equations of three-dimensional anisotropy media.The different jointed rock masses with typical joint sets are simplified as transversely isotropic media and monoclinic anisotropic media.When the elastic waves propagate through joint sets,the elastic wave velocity in different directions can be calculated.According to the mathematical-physical model,physical model of jointed rock mass is made.The related testing system of ultrasonic velocity is set up and the ultrasonic experiments are conducted.Experimental results show that the ultrasonic velocity is sensitive to the influence of joint sets and changes a lot when propagating through joint sets.In the ultrasonic experiment on physical model of monoclinic anisotropic media,the results are much complicated than those of experiment on physical model of transversely isotropic media.If survey points are located correctly,the existence and direction of joint sets can be recognised.The relationship between the elastic wave velocity and the distribution of joint sets in physical model is analysed.In practical engineering,the dominant orientation of joint sets and rock mass anisotropy can be judged using the ultrasonic tests.The results can provide abundant data for the practical engineering.
The mathematical-physical model is established based on the elastic wave equations of three-dimensional anisotropy media.The different jointed rock masses with typical joint sets are simplified as transversely isotropic media and monoclinic anisotropic media.When the elastic waves propagate through joint sets,the elastic wave velocity in different directions can be calculated.According to the mathematical-physical model,physical model of jointed rock mass is made.The related testing system of ultrasonic velocity is set up and the ultrasonic experiments are conducted.Experimental results show that the ultrasonic velocity is sensitive to the influence of joint sets and changes a lot when propagating through joint sets.In the ultrasonic experiment on physical model of monoclinic anisotropic media,the results are much complicated than those of experiment on physical model of transversely isotropic media.If survey points are located correctly,the existence and direction of joint sets can be recognised.The relationship between the elastic wave velocity and the distribution of joint sets in physical model is analysed.In practical engineering,the dominant orientation of joint sets and rock mass anisotropy can be judged using the ultrasonic tests.The results can provide abundant data for the practical engineering.
引文
[1]杜守继,朱建栋,职洪涛.岩石节理经历不同变形历史的剪切试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(1):56–60.(DU Shouji,ZHU Jiandong,ZHI Hongtao.Shear tests on rock joints under different shear deformation histories[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(1):56–60.(in Chinese))
[2]刘东燕,朱可善.含断续节理岩体强度的各向异性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(4):366–371.(LIU Dongyan,ZHU Keshan.A study on strength anisotropy of rock mass containing intermittent joints[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1998,17(4):366–371.(in Chinese))
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[4]王卫华,李夕兵,左宇军.非线性法向变形节理对弹性纵波传播的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(6):1 218–1 225.(WANG Weihua,LI Xibing,ZUO Yujun.Effects of single joint with nonlinear normal deformation on P-wave propagation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(6):1 218–1 225.(in Chinese))
[5]PYRAK-NOLTE L J,MYER L R,COOK N G W.Transmission of seismic waves across single natural fractures[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1990,95(6):8 617–8 638.
[6]KING M S,MYER L R,REZOWALLI J J.Experimental studies on elastic wave propagation in a columnar jointed rock mass[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1986,34(8):1 185–1 199.
[7]戴俊.岩石动力学特性与爆破理论[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2002.(DAI Jun.Dynamic behaviors and blasting theory of rock[M].Beijing:China Metallurgical Industry Press,2002.(in Chinese))
[8]牟永光,裴正林.三维复杂介质地震数值模拟[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2005.(MU Yongguang,PEI Zhenglin.Seismic numerical modeling for 3D complex media[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2005.(in Chinese))
[9]谢忠球,温佩琳,丁科.高边坡岩体结构面各向异性检测与稳定性分析[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2006,37(1):160–164.(XIE Zhongqiu,WEN Peilin,DING Ke.Anisotropy characteristics testing for structure plane of slope rock mass and its stability[J].Journal of Central South University(Natural Science),2006,37(1):160–164.(in Chinese))
[10]曹均,贺振华,黄德济,等.储层孔裂隙的物理模拟与超声波试验研究[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(2):386–391.(CAO Jun,HE Zhenhua,HUANG Deji,et al.Physical modeling and ultrasonic experiment of pore-crack in reservoirs[J].Progress in Geophysics,2004,19(2):386–391.(in Chinese))
[11]林发荣,万玲,石星,等.节理单元在岩体稳定性分析中的应用[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2006,29(5):83–87.(LIN Farong,WAN Ling,SHI Xing,et al.Application of joint element to the stability analysis of rock mass[J].Journal of Chongqing University(Natural Science),2006,29(5):83–87.(in Chinese))
[12]郝守玲,赵群.地震物理模型技术的应用与发展[J].勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(2):34–43.(HAO Shouling,ZHAO Qun.Application and progress of seismic physical model technology[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2002,25(2):34–43.(in Chinese))
[13]KAHRAMAN S.Estimating the direct P-wave velocity value of intact rock from indirect laboratory measurements[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2002,39(1):101–104.
[14]彭苏萍,谢和平,何满潮,等.沉积相变岩体声波速度特征的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2 831–2 837.(PENG Suping,XIE Heping,HE Manchao,et al.Experimental study on velocity characteristics of lithofacies transition rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2 831–2 837.(in Chinese))
[15]郝守玲,赵群.裂缝介质对P波方位各向异性特征的影响[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(3):189–194.(HAO Shouling,ZHAO Qun.The effect of fractured medium on P-wave azimuthally anisotropy[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2004,27(3):189–194.(in Chinese))
[16]丁梧秀,姚增,蒋振.岩体工程特性研究中弹性波速参数取值方法探讨[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2006,29(5):83–87.(DING Wuxiu,YAO Zeng,JIANG Zhen.Study on methods of how to select reasonably elastic wave velocity parameters of engineering rock mass[J].Journal of Chongqing University(Natural Science),2006,29(5):83–87.(in Chinese))
[2]刘东燕,朱可善.含断续节理岩体强度的各向异性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(4):366–371.(LIU Dongyan,ZHU Keshan.A study on strength anisotropy of rock mass containing intermittent joints[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1998,17(4):366–371.(in Chinese))
[3]蒋建平,汪明武,罗国煜.地下工程中岩土结构面的影响分析[J].工程地质学报,2003,11(4):349–353.(JIANG Jianping,WANG Mingwu,LUO Guoyu.Analysis of effect of structural planes in rockmass and soilmass in underground works[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2003,11(4):349–353.(in Chinese))
[4]王卫华,李夕兵,左宇军.非线性法向变形节理对弹性纵波传播的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(6):1 218–1 225.(WANG Weihua,LI Xibing,ZUO Yujun.Effects of single joint with nonlinear normal deformation on P-wave propagation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(6):1 218–1 225.(in Chinese))
[5]PYRAK-NOLTE L J,MYER L R,COOK N G W.Transmission of seismic waves across single natural fractures[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1990,95(6):8 617–8 638.
[6]KING M S,MYER L R,REZOWALLI J J.Experimental studies on elastic wave propagation in a columnar jointed rock mass[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1986,34(8):1 185–1 199.
[7]戴俊.岩石动力学特性与爆破理论[M].北京:冶金工业出版社,2002.(DAI Jun.Dynamic behaviors and blasting theory of rock[M].Beijing:China Metallurgical Industry Press,2002.(in Chinese))
[8]牟永光,裴正林.三维复杂介质地震数值模拟[M].北京:石油工业出版社,2005.(MU Yongguang,PEI Zhenglin.Seismic numerical modeling for 3D complex media[M].Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,2005.(in Chinese))
[9]谢忠球,温佩琳,丁科.高边坡岩体结构面各向异性检测与稳定性分析[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2006,37(1):160–164.(XIE Zhongqiu,WEN Peilin,DING Ke.Anisotropy characteristics testing for structure plane of slope rock mass and its stability[J].Journal of Central South University(Natural Science),2006,37(1):160–164.(in Chinese))
[10]曹均,贺振华,黄德济,等.储层孔裂隙的物理模拟与超声波试验研究[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(2):386–391.(CAO Jun,HE Zhenhua,HUANG Deji,et al.Physical modeling and ultrasonic experiment of pore-crack in reservoirs[J].Progress in Geophysics,2004,19(2):386–391.(in Chinese))
[11]林发荣,万玲,石星,等.节理单元在岩体稳定性分析中的应用[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2006,29(5):83–87.(LIN Farong,WAN Ling,SHI Xing,et al.Application of joint element to the stability analysis of rock mass[J].Journal of Chongqing University(Natural Science),2006,29(5):83–87.(in Chinese))
[12]郝守玲,赵群.地震物理模型技术的应用与发展[J].勘探地球物理进展,2002,25(2):34–43.(HAO Shouling,ZHAO Qun.Application and progress of seismic physical model technology[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2002,25(2):34–43.(in Chinese))
[13]KAHRAMAN S.Estimating the direct P-wave velocity value of intact rock from indirect laboratory measurements[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2002,39(1):101–104.
[14]彭苏萍,谢和平,何满潮,等.沉积相变岩体声波速度特征的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2 831–2 837.(PENG Suping,XIE Heping,HE Manchao,et al.Experimental study on velocity characteristics of lithofacies transition rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2 831–2 837.(in Chinese))
[15]郝守玲,赵群.裂缝介质对P波方位各向异性特征的影响[J].勘探地球物理进展,2004,27(3):189–194.(HAO Shouling,ZHAO Qun.The effect of fractured medium on P-wave azimuthally anisotropy[J].Progress in Exploration Geophysics,2004,27(3):189–194.(in Chinese))
[16]丁梧秀,姚增,蒋振.岩体工程特性研究中弹性波速参数取值方法探讨[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2006,29(5):83–87.(DING Wuxiu,YAO Zeng,JIANG Zhen.Study on methods of how to select reasonably elastic wave velocity parameters of engineering rock mass[J].Journal of Chongqing University(Natural Science),2006,29(5):83–87.(in Chinese))
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