用声波法评价地层可钻性各向异性的实验研究
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摘要
地层可钻性各向异性的评价对井眼轨迹控制具有重要意义。通过室内实验分别测定了岩芯垂直于和平行于地层层面方向的可钻性及声波速度,得到了岩石可钻性各向异性指数和波速各向异性系数,并对结果进行了讨论。用数理统计方法研究分析了牙轮钻头岩石可钻性各向异性指数、牙轮钻头垂直于和平行于地层层面方向岩石可钻性差值和PDC钻头岩石可钻性各向异性指数与纵波波速各向异性系数的相关关系,建立了用纵波波速各向异性系数评价地层可钻性各向异性的模型。利用所建立的模型,采用地震资料或测井资料可以方便地对地层可钻性各向异性进行评价。对河南油田AN2004井进行评价,其结果表明,用该方法评价出的地层可钻性各向异性能正确反映被评价地层的特性。
The evaluation of drillability anisotropy of the formation is very important for well trajectory control.The velocities of ultrasonic wave and rock drillability are measured in perpendicular and parallel directions of the bedding plane of core samples which were cut from the approach hole of Chinese continental scientific drilling.Rock drillability index and P-wave velocity anisotropy coefficient are calculated from the testing data;and the results are discussed.Correlation of drillability anisotropy index of the roller cone bit and PDC bit,the difference between drillability of the roller cone bit in perpendicular and horizontal directions of the bedding plane with the P-wave velocity anisotropy coefficient are studied respectively by means of mathematical statistics.A mathematical model is established for predicting drillability anisotropy index by using P-wave velocity anisotropy coefficient.Thus,drillability anisotropy of a formation can be evaluated conveniently from seismic or logging data by using this model.The method is used to evaluate drillability anisotropy of a formation of Well AN2004 in Henan Oilfield in China.The result shows that the formation drillability anisotropy index predicted by using this method can properly reflect the deviation characteristics of the formation being evaluated.
The evaluation of drillability anisotropy of the formation is very important for well trajectory control.The velocities of ultrasonic wave and rock drillability are measured in perpendicular and parallel directions of the bedding plane of core samples which were cut from the approach hole of Chinese continental scientific drilling.Rock drillability index and P-wave velocity anisotropy coefficient are calculated from the testing data;and the results are discussed.Correlation of drillability anisotropy index of the roller cone bit and PDC bit,the difference between drillability of the roller cone bit in perpendicular and horizontal directions of the bedding plane with the P-wave velocity anisotropy coefficient are studied respectively by means of mathematical statistics.A mathematical model is established for predicting drillability anisotropy index by using P-wave velocity anisotropy coefficient.Thus,drillability anisotropy of a formation can be evaluated conveniently from seismic or logging data by using this model.The method is used to evaluate drillability anisotropy of a formation of Well AN2004 in Henan Oilfield in China.The result shows that the formation drillability anisotropy index predicted by using this method can properly reflect the deviation characteristics of the formation being evaluated.
引文
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[13]邹德永,程远方,刘洪祺.岩屑声波法评价岩石可钻性的实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(14):2 439–2 443.(Zou Deyong,Cheng Yuanfang,Liu Hongqi.Testing study on rock drillability evaluation by acoustic velocity of cutting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(14):2 439–2 443.(in Chinese))
[14]韩来聚,李祖奎,燕静,等.碳酸盐岩地层岩石声学特性的实验研究与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(14):2 444–2 447.(Han Laiju,Li Zukui,Yan Jing,et al.Test and application to sonic properties of carbonate rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(14):2 444–2 447.(in Chinese))
[15]高原.地震各向异性研究进展——参加2001年IAGA-IASPEI会议总结[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(2):360–364.(Gao Yuan.Development of seismic anisotropy:from the 2001 IAGA-IASPEI joint scientific assembly[J].Progress in Geophysics,2002,17(2):360–364.(in Chinese))
[16]Brian E H,John M H,Donald W I.Anisotropy correction for deviated-well sonic logs:application to seismic well tie[J].Geophysics,2003,68(2):464–471.
[17]杨圣奇,张学民,苏承东.岩块声学特性的实验研究[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2003,22(6):772–775.(Yang Shengqi,Zhang Xuemin,Su Chengdong.Testing study on acoustic property of marble block[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University,2003,22(6):772–775.(in Chinese))
[18]何世明,夏宇文.地层倾角对岩石可钻性的影响规律研究[J].钻采工艺,1998,21(1):11–15.(He Shiming,Xia Yuwen.A study on angle of bedding effect on rock drillability[J].Drilling and Production Technology,1998,21(1):11–15.(in Chinese))
[19]宋玉玲,安明玉.切屑方式对岩石可钻性各向异性的影响[J].钻采工艺,1997,20(2):8–10.(Song Yuling,An Mingyu.Effects of cutting style on anisotropy of rock drillability[J].Drilling and Production Technology,1997,20(2):8–10.(in Chinese))
[20]Vander Stoep D M.Velocity anisotropy measurements in wells[J].Geophysics,1966,31(5):900–916.
[21]Patrick J M,Richard L C.An experimental test of P-wave anisotropy in stratified media[J].Geophysics,1984,49(4):374–378.
[2]高德利,刘希圣,徐秉业.井眼轨迹控制[M].东营:中国石油大学出版社,1994.(Gao Deli,Liu Xisheng,Xu Bingye.Prediction and Control of Wellbore Trajectory[M].Dongying:China University of Petroleum Press,1994.(in Chinese))
[3]薛亚东.地层可钻性及其各向异性的综合智能评测方法[博士学位论文][D].北京:中国石油大学,2001.(Xue Yadong.Comprehensive evaluation of the formation drillability and its anisotropy with intelligent methods[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:China University of Petroleum,2001.(in Chinese))
[4]Rollins H M.Straight hole drilling[J].World Oil,1963,156(4):71–77.
[5]Knapp S R.New bit concept helps control hole deviation[J].World Oil,1965,158(1):113–116.
[6]Mclamore R T.The role of rock strength anisotropy in natural hole deviation[R].SPE 3229,1971.
[7]Parisean W G.Wedge indentation of anisotropic geologic media[A].In:Dynamic Rock Mechanics.Proc.the 12th U.S.Symp.on Rock Mechanics[C].New York:[s.n.],1971.529–546.
[8]Lubinski A,Woods H B.Factors affecting the angle of inclination and dog-legging in rotary bore holes[J].DPP,1953,165(1):222–242.
[9]尹宏锦.地层各向异性–岩石可钻性研究[J].石油钻采工艺,1989,11(1):15–22.(Yin Hongjin.Study on formation anisotropy-rock drillability[J].Oil Drilling and Production Technology,1989,11(1):15–22.(in Chinese))
[10]Ho H S.Prediction of drilling trajectory in directional wells via a new rock-bit interaction model[R].SPE 16658,1987.
[11]高德利.地层各向异性的评估方法[J].石油学报,1993,14(2):96–101.(Gao Deli.A method for the evaluation of formation anisotropy[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1993,14(2):96–101.(in Chinese))
[12]赵军,蔡亚西,林元华.声波测井资料在岩石可钻性及钻头选型中的应用[J].测井技术,2001,25(4):305–307.(Zhao Jun,Cai Yaxi,Lin Yuanhua.Application of sonic logs to rock drillability and bit selection[J].Well Logging Technology,2001,25(4):305–307.(in Chinese))
[13]邹德永,程远方,刘洪祺.岩屑声波法评价岩石可钻性的实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(14):2 439–2 443.(Zou Deyong,Cheng Yuanfang,Liu Hongqi.Testing study on rock drillability evaluation by acoustic velocity of cutting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(14):2 439–2 443.(in Chinese))
[14]韩来聚,李祖奎,燕静,等.碳酸盐岩地层岩石声学特性的实验研究与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(14):2 444–2 447.(Han Laiju,Li Zukui,Yan Jing,et al.Test and application to sonic properties of carbonate rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(14):2 444–2 447.(in Chinese))
[15]高原.地震各向异性研究进展——参加2001年IAGA-IASPEI会议总结[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(2):360–364.(Gao Yuan.Development of seismic anisotropy:from the 2001 IAGA-IASPEI joint scientific assembly[J].Progress in Geophysics,2002,17(2):360–364.(in Chinese))
[16]Brian E H,John M H,Donald W I.Anisotropy correction for deviated-well sonic logs:application to seismic well tie[J].Geophysics,2003,68(2):464–471.
[17]杨圣奇,张学民,苏承东.岩块声学特性的实验研究[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2003,22(6):772–775.(Yang Shengqi,Zhang Xuemin,Su Chengdong.Testing study on acoustic property of marble block[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University,2003,22(6):772–775.(in Chinese))
[18]何世明,夏宇文.地层倾角对岩石可钻性的影响规律研究[J].钻采工艺,1998,21(1):11–15.(He Shiming,Xia Yuwen.A study on angle of bedding effect on rock drillability[J].Drilling and Production Technology,1998,21(1):11–15.(in Chinese))
[19]宋玉玲,安明玉.切屑方式对岩石可钻性各向异性的影响[J].钻采工艺,1997,20(2):8–10.(Song Yuling,An Mingyu.Effects of cutting style on anisotropy of rock drillability[J].Drilling and Production Technology,1997,20(2):8–10.(in Chinese))
[20]Vander Stoep D M.Velocity anisotropy measurements in wells[J].Geophysics,1966,31(5):900–916.
[21]Patrick J M,Richard L C.An experimental test of P-wave anisotropy in stratified media[J].Geophysics,1984,49(4):374–378.
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