西南典型城市环境地质问题与城市规划
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摘要
西南地区的昆明、重庆和成都分属高原湖畔城市、沿江山区城市和平原城市,地质环境各异。20世纪80年代以来,伴随城市的发展,均不同程度地出现了与城市可持续发展密切相关的环境地质问题。昆明面临的是地面沉降和软弱地基问题,频繁的崩塌和滑坡地质灾害制约了重庆的发展与扩展,而位于川西平原地下水库上的成都的高速发展已使岷江巨型冲洪积扇地下水系统的完整性及径流交替能力受到严重破坏。环境地质问题应成为城市规划首先考虑的最基本因素,制定合理的规划方案及针对性条款是遏制地质环境恶化的有效途径。
Kunming, Chongqing and Chengdu in southwest China are a lakeside city in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, a mountain city beside a river and a plain city respectively and have different geological environments. Many environmental geological issues closely related to the sustainable development of cities have occurred to different extent in these cities with their fast development from the 1980s. Kunming is confronted with land subsidence and soft ground. Frequent landslide and rockfall events have obstructed Chongqing's development and expansion. The integrity and runoff ability of the groundwater system in the giant diluvial-alluvial fan of the Minjiang River have been seriously destructed by the rapid development of Chengdu located above a ground reservoir of the western Sichuan plain. Environmental geological issues should be the most important factors considered in city planning and drafting a rational city-planning scheme is the effective approach to inhibiting the deterioration of the geological environment.
Kunming, Chongqing and Chengdu in southwest China are a lakeside city in the Yunnan-Guizhou Plateau, a mountain city beside a river and a plain city respectively and have different geological environments. Many environmental geological issues closely related to the sustainable development of cities have occurred to different extent in these cities with their fast development from the 1980s. Kunming is confronted with land subsidence and soft ground. Frequent landslide and rockfall events have obstructed Chongqing's development and expansion. The integrity and runoff ability of the groundwater system in the giant diluvial-alluvial fan of the Minjiang River have been seriously destructed by the rapid development of Chengdu located above a ground reservoir of the western Sichuan plain. Environmental geological issues should be the most important factors considered in city planning and drafting a rational city-planning scheme is the effective approach to inhibiting the deterioration of the geological environment.
引文
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[1]王前福,王艳.世界城市化研究[J].西北人口,2002,(2):60-62Wang Qianfu,Wang Yan.Study on urbanization in the world[J].Northwest Population Journal,2002,(2):60-62(in Chinese with English abstract).
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[11]Franck Lavigne.Lahar hazard micro-zonation and risk assessment in Yogyakarta city,Indonesia[J].GeoJournal,1999,49(2):173-183.
[12]Thomas L H,Johnson A I.Land subsidence caused by ground water withdrawal in urban areas[J].GeoJournal,1985,11(3):245-255.
[13]Hasanuddin Z.Abidin,Rochman Djaja&Dudy Darmawan et al.Land subsidence of Jakarta(Indonesia)and its geodetic monitoring system[J].Natural Hazards,2001,23(2/3):365-387.
[14]Chongxi Chen,Shunping Pei,Jiu Jiao.Land subsidence caused by groundwater exploitation in Suzhou City,China[J].Hydrogeology Journal,2003,11(2):275-287.
[15]王家兵.天津城市发展中的若干环境地质问题[J].地质调查与研究,2004,27(3):164-168.Wang Jiabing.Problems of environmental geology on the urbanization in Tianjin City[J].Geological Survey And Research,2004,27(3):164-168(in Chinese with English abstract).
[16]Teatini P,Ferronato M,Gambolati G.et al.A century of land subsidence in Ravenna,Italy[J].Environmental Geology,2005,47(6):831-846.
[17]Atapour H,Aftabi A.Geomorphological,geochemical and geo-environmental aspects of karstification in the urban areas of Kerman city,southeastern,Iran[J].Environmental Geology,2002,42(7):783-792.
[18]刘善军.隐伏岩溶区岩溶塌陷易发程度评价-以泰安为例[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2004,15(3):87-90.Liu Shanjun.Evaluation on the karst collapse susceptible degree in covered karst region-Example for Tai'an City[J].Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2004,15(3):87-90(in Chinese with English abstract).
[19]朱庆杰,苏幼坡,刘廷全.唐山市岩溶塌陷安全评价[J].中国安全科学学报,2004,14(2):91-94.Zhu Qingjie,Su Youpo,Liu Tingquan.Safety evaluation of Karst collapse in Tangshan City[J].China Safety Science Journal,2004,14(2):91-94(in Chinese with English abstract).
[20]Gutiérrez-Santolalla F,Gutiérrez-Elorza M,Marín C,et al.Subsidence hazard avoidance based on geomorphological mapping in the Ebro River valley mantled evaporite karst terrain(NE Spain)[J].Environmental Geology,2005,48(3):370-383.
[21]Pierre Thierry,Nicole Debeblia,Ardnand Bitri.Geophysical and geological characterisation of karst hazards in urban environments:application to Orléans(France)[J].Bulletin of Engineering Geology and the Environment,2005,64(2):139-150.
[22]娄华君,王宏,夏军,等.地质信息可视化的应用——城市环境地质研究之发展方向[J.中国地质,2002,30(3):330-334.Lou Huajun,Wang Hong,Xia Jun,et al.Application of geological information visualization-Direction in development of the study of urban environment geology[J].Geology in China,2002,30(3):330-334(in Chinese with English abstract).
[23]姜朝松,周瑞琦,胡耀雄.昆明盆地的地质构造特征[J].地震研究,2003,26(1):67-74.Jiang Chaosong,Zhou Ruiqi,Hu Yaoxiong.Features of geological structure for Kunming Basin[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2003,26(1):67-74(in Chinese with English abstract).
[24]闵子群.昆明地区的地震危险性问题[J].地震研究,1989,12(2):97-101.Min Ziqun.Seismic risk in Kunming area[J].Journal of Seismological Research,1989,12(2):97-101(in Chinese with English abstract).
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