循环荷载作用下岩石阻尼特性的试验研究
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摘要
对2组红层泥质粉砂岩在MTS815 Flex Test GT岩石力学试验系统上进行单轴4级循环加卸载试验。试验加载波形采用正弦波,频率3Hz,循环应力幅值小于其平均抗压强度,单级应力幅值为30个振动循环,得到动弹性模量和阻尼比随动应变的变化规律。通过试验发现,泥质粉砂岩在循环荷载作用下的加卸载应力–应变曲线并不重合,而是形成一个封闭的滞回环,动应变相位始终滞后于动应力相位;滞回环在荷载反转处并非椭圆形,而是尖叶状,在该处岩石的塑性变形小,弹性变形响应迅速。随动应力幅值增加,泥质粉砂岩的动应变增加,动弹性模量随动应变增加线性递减,而阻尼比则线性递增。得到2组泥质粉砂岩的平均动弹性模量和阻尼比与动应变的相关表达式,其相关系数的平方R2均超过98%。岩石的不可逆塑性变形随动应变增加而增大,同时由循环荷载引起的损伤变形也逐渐增加。
The four-grade uniaxial cyclic loading and unloading tests for two groups of red argillaceous siltstones were carried out on MTS815 Flex Test GT rock mechanics test system. The sine wave is adopted in loading test, and its frequency was 3 Hz. The maximum cyclic stress was less than the value of the average intensity of compression;and the cyclic number of each level cyclic stress was 30. Through the test,the relationships of dynamic moduli of elasticity and damping ratio to dynamic strain for the two groups of rocks were gained. The test results showed that the curves of strain and stress for loading and unloading were not superposition under cyclic loading,but hysteresis loops. The strain wave location was always later than stress wave location;and the hysteresis loops were not ellipse-shaped,but tine-lobation when the cyclic loading was reversed. The dynamic strain increased with the increase of oscillation amplitude;the dynamic modules of elasticity was linearly decreasing with the dynamic strain increasing,but the damping ratio was reversed. The four relationship equations were gained,and the correlation coefficient R2 was over 0.98. Moreover,the irreversible plastic deformation ofrock increased,and at the same time,the fracture deformation of rock gradually increased,which was produced by cyclic load.
The four-grade uniaxial cyclic loading and unloading tests for two groups of red argillaceous siltstones were carried out on MTS815 Flex Test GT rock mechanics test system. The sine wave is adopted in loading test, and its frequency was 3 Hz. The maximum cyclic stress was less than the value of the average intensity of compression;and the cyclic number of each level cyclic stress was 30. Through the test,the relationships of dynamic moduli of elasticity and damping ratio to dynamic strain for the two groups of rocks were gained. The test results showed that the curves of strain and stress for loading and unloading were not superposition under cyclic loading,but hysteresis loops. The strain wave location was always later than stress wave location;and the hysteresis loops were not ellipse-shaped,but tine-lobation when the cyclic loading was reversed. The dynamic strain increased with the increase of oscillation amplitude;the dynamic modules of elasticity was linearly decreasing with the dynamic strain increasing,but the damping ratio was reversed. The four relationship equations were gained,and the correlation coefficient R2 was over 0.98. Moreover,the irreversible plastic deformation ofrock increased,and at the same time,the fracture deformation of rock gradually increased,which was produced by cyclic load.
引文
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[15]莫海鸿.岩石的循环试验及本构关系的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1988,7(3):215–224.(MO Haihong.Study on rock′s cyclic experiment and constitutive relation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1988,7(3):215–224.(in Chinese))
[2]胡文尧,王天龙.原状饱和黏性土在地震作用下的剪切模量和阻尼比[J].岩土工程学报,1980,2(3):82–94.(HU Wenyao,WANG Tianlong.Shear modulus and damping of cohesive soil under earthquake loading conditions[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1980,2(3):82–94.(in Chinese))
[3]何昌荣.周期荷载作用下的模量阻尼特性[J].应用基础与工程科学学报,1995,3(2):113–119.(HE Changrong.Modulus and damping under cyclic loading[J].Journal of Basic Science and Engineering,1995,3(2):113–119.(in Chinese))
[4]WORTHINGTON M H,KING M S,MARSDEN J R.Determining the damping factor of sedimentary rocks required for seismically designed structures[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2001,38(6):801–806.
[5]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.SL237–1999土工试验规程[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1999.(The Professional StandardsCompilation Group of People′s Republic of China.SL237–1999Specification of soil test[S].Beijing:China Water Power Press,1999.(in Chinese))
[6]杨永杰,宋扬,楚俊.循环荷载作用下煤岩强度及变形特征试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(1):201–205.(YANG Yongjie,SONG Yang,CHU Jun.Experimental study on characteristics of strength and deformation of coal under cyclic loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(1):201–205.(in Chinese))
[7]JAFARI M K,PELLET F,BOULON M,et al.Experimental Study on mechanical behaviour of rock joints under cyclic loading[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,2004,37(1):3–23.
[8]BAGDE M N,PETROS V.Fatigue properties of intact sandstone samples subjected to dynamic uniaxial cyclical loading[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2005,42(2):237–250.
[9]席道瑛,王少刚,刘小燕,等.岩石的非线性弹塑性响应[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(6):772–777.(XI Daoying,WANG Shaogang,LIU Xiaoyan,et al.Nonlinear elastoplastic response of rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(6):772–777.(in Chinese))
[10]NISHI K,KOKUSHO T,ESSAHI Y.Dynamic shear modulus and damping ratio of rocks for a wide confining pressure range[C]//Proceedings of the Fifth Congress of International Society for Rock Mechanics.[S.l.]:[s.n.],1983:223–226.
[11]林英松,葛洪魁,王顺昌.岩石动静力学参数的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(2):216–222.(LIN Yingsong,GE Hongkui,WANG Shunchang.Testing study on dynamic and static elastic parameters of rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1998,17(2):216–222.(in Chinese))
[12]陈运平,席道瑛,薛彦伟.循环荷载下饱和岩石的滞后和衰减[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(4):672–678.(CHEN Yunping,XI Daoying,XUE Yanwei.Hysteresis and attenuation of saturated rocks under cyclic loading[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2004,47(4):672–678.(in Chinese))
[13]葛修润,蒋宇,卢允德,等.周期荷载作用下岩石疲劳变形特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(10):1581–1585.(GE Xiurun,JIANG Yu,LU Yunde,et al.Testing study on fatigue deformation law of rock under cyclic loading[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(10):1581–1585.(in Chinese))
[14]葛修润,卢应发.循环荷载作用下岩石疲劳破坏和不可逆变形问题的探讨[J].岩土工程学报,1992,14(3):56–60.(GE Xiurun,LU Yingfa.Discussion on fatigue failure and irreversible deformation of rock under cyclic loading[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1992,14(3):56–60.(in Chinese))
[15]莫海鸿.岩石的循环试验及本构关系的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1988,7(3):215–224.(MO Haihong.Study on rock′s cyclic experiment and constitutive relation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1988,7(3):215–224.(in Chinese))
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