花岗岩风化壳分带与岩体基本质量分级关系探讨
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摘要
风化壳分带和岩体质量分级对浅埋隧道设计和施工很重要,需对这两套系统定性和定量指标做平行判别。中国东部花岗岩分布区,强风化带(IV)和全风化带(V)、岩体质量III和IV级界限划分上常存在较大分歧。据此,对此问题开展探讨,并通过大亚湾隧道工程实例予以说明。研究表明,浅埋条件下风化壳分带同岩体质量级别空间上有交叉现象,前者是宏观的,后者是细观的,前者控制后者;风化带IV,V和III,IV级岩体涉及到岩土过渡、岩体节理密度、裂隙水和孔隙水等多个指标和因素的复杂变化;岩体质量级别比风化壳带号大致高1.5。
Both weathering crust zonation and quality classification of rock mass are important for shallow-buried tunnels.Qualitative differentiation and quantitative index should be distinguished for each of the two systems in underground engineering.In granite area with relatively good geological conditions,middle and low in-situ stress and groundwater in East China,the relationship between weathering crust zonation and basic quality classification of rock mass,which has some common ground and spatial crossover in shallow-buried tunnels,is found.Taking the Daya Bay tunnel for an example,the relationship of the two systems and relative indices is discussed.As a result,it is found that the weathering crust zonation is macroscopic,and the quality classification is mesoscopic,and the latter is controlled by the former.Generally,the grade of rock mass quality is about 1.5 times higher than that of the weathering crust zonation of granites in shallow-buried tunnels in East China.
Both weathering crust zonation and quality classification of rock mass are important for shallow-buried tunnels.Qualitative differentiation and quantitative index should be distinguished for each of the two systems in underground engineering.In granite area with relatively good geological conditions,middle and low in-situ stress and groundwater in East China,the relationship between weathering crust zonation and basic quality classification of rock mass,which has some common ground and spatial crossover in shallow-buried tunnels,is found.Taking the Daya Bay tunnel for an example,the relationship of the two systems and relative indices is discussed.As a result,it is found that the weathering crust zonation is macroscopic,and the quality classification is mesoscopic,and the latter is controlled by the former.Generally,the grade of rock mass quality is about 1.5 times higher than that of the weathering crust zonation of granites in shallow-buried tunnels in East China.
引文
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[19]IRFAN T Y.Mineralogy and fabric characterization and classification of weathered granitic rocks in Hong Kong[R].Hong Kong:Geotechnical Engineering Office,Civil Engineering Department,Hong Kong Government,1994.
[20]孙元春,尚彦军.岩石隧道围岩变形时空效应分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(2):211-215.(SUN Yuanchun,SHANG Yanjun.Integrated analysis of the tempo-spatial effect of surrounding rock deformation in tunneling[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(2):211-215.(in Chinese))
[21]史永跃,尚彦军,袁广祥,等.大亚湾中微子地下实验室场地的工程地质条件评价[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(3):328-337.(SHI Yongyue,SHANG Yanjun,YUAN Guangxiang,et al.Evaluation of engineering geological condition of Daya Bay for sitting the laboratory of neutrino underground experiment[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2007,15(3):328-337.(in Chinese))
[2]徐则民,黄润秋,王士天.隧道的埋深划分[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2000,11(4):5-10.(XU Zemin,HUANG Runqiu,WANG Shitian.Tunnel classifying in light of depth(i.e.thickness of overburden)[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2000,11(4):5-10.(in Chinese))
[3]巨广宏.黄河拉西瓦水电站深切河谷花岗岩体风化卸荷的工程地质研究[硕士学位论文][D].成都:成都理工大学,2002.(JU Guanghong.Engineering geological study on weathering and unloading of granites in deep valley of Laxiwa Hydropower Station above the Yellow River[M.S.Thesis][D].Chengdu:Chengdu University of Technology,2002.(in Chinese))
[4]HU R L,LEE C F,WANG S J.Engineering properties of granitic weathering profiles in South China[C]//Proceedings of the Symposium on Slope Hazards and Their Preservation.Hong Kong:[s.n.],2000:47-52.
[5]SHANG Y J,PARK H D,YUAN G X,et al.From in-situ stress and discontinuities to strength of granites:comparison and case study[J].Engineering Geology,2008.(to be pressed)
[6]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB50021-2001岩土工程勘察规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.(The National Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.GB50021-2001 Code for investigation of geotechnical engineering[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2002.(in Chinese))
[7]张少军,王东,李元沛.公路隧道浅埋段的地质灾害分析及施工技术[J].地下空间与工程学报,2007,3(8):1 429-1 432,1 454.(ZHANG Shaojun,WANG Dong,LI Yuanpei.Analysis and counter-measures of geological hazards for shallow-buried section of highway tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2007,3(8):1 429-1 432,1 454.(in Chinese))
[8]李世煇,宋军.变形速率比值判据与猫山隧道工程验证[J].中国工程科学,2002,4(6):85-91.(LI Shihui,SONG Jun.Deformation rate ratio criterion(DRRC)and its verification in Maoshan Tunnel excavation[J].Engineering Science,2002,4(6):85-91.(in Chinese))
[9]Geological Engineering Society Group Working Party.Tropical residual soils[J].Quarterly Journal of Engineering Geology,1990,23(1):1-101.
[10]Geotechnical Engineering Office,Civil Engineering Department,Hong Kong Government.Guide to rock and soil descriptions(geoguide 3)[S].Hong Kong:Geotechnical Engineering Office,Civil Engineering Department,Hong Kong Government,1988:189.
[11]廖颜萱.风化岩分带指标定量研究[M].北京:地震出版社,1994:223.(LIAO Yanxuan.Quantitative study on indices for weathering classification[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1994:223.(in Chinese))
[12]唐大雄,刘佑荣,张文殊,等.工程岩土学[M].2版.北京:地质出版社,1999:270.(TANG Daxiong,LIU Yourong,ZHANG Wenshu,et al.Engineering geotechnics[M].2nd ed.Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1999:270.(in Chinese))
[13]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB 50218-94工程岩体分级标准[S].北京:中国计划出版社,1995.(The National Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.GB 50218-94 Specifications for engineering classification of rock masses[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,1995.(in Chinese))
[14]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB 50086-2001锚杆喷射混凝土支护技术规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2001.(The National Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.GB 50086-2001 Specifications for bolt-shotcrete support[S].Beijing:China Planning Press,2001.(in Chinese))
[15]谷德振.岩体工程地质力学基础[M].北京:科学出版社,1979:296.(GU Dezhen.Foundation of rock engineering geomechanics[M].Beijing:Science Press,1979:296.(in Chinese))
[16]陈昌彦,王贵荣.各类岩体质量评价方法的相关性探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(12):1 894-1 900.(CHEN Changyan,WANG Guirong.Discussion on the interrelation of various rock mass quality classification systems at home and abroad[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(12):1 894-1 900.(in Chinese))
[17]曲永新,吴宏伟,尚彦军.华南花岗岩残积土红土化程度的地带性与香港该类土不发育的原因[J].工程地质学报,2000,8(1):16-20.(QU Yongxin,NG W W C,SHANG Yanjun.Study on latitudinal effect on lateritization of eluvial soil on granite and cause for weak lateritization of the soil in Hong Kong[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2000,8(1):16-20.(in Chinese))
[18]史永跃.环渤海花岗岩地下油库建设的工程地质力学研究[博士学位论文][D].北京:中国科学院地质与地球物理所,2008:186.(SHI Yongyue.Engineering geomechanical study on underground caverns for storage of crude oils in region around Bohai Sea[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:Institute of Geology and Geophysics,Chinese Academy of Sciences,2008:186.(in Chinese))
[19]IRFAN T Y.Mineralogy and fabric characterization and classification of weathered granitic rocks in Hong Kong[R].Hong Kong:Geotechnical Engineering Office,Civil Engineering Department,Hong Kong Government,1994.
[20]孙元春,尚彦军.岩石隧道围岩变形时空效应分析[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(2):211-215.(SUN Yuanchun,SHANG Yanjun.Integrated analysis of the tempo-spatial effect of surrounding rock deformation in tunneling[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(2):211-215.(in Chinese))
[21]史永跃,尚彦军,袁广祥,等.大亚湾中微子地下实验室场地的工程地质条件评价[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(3):328-337.(SHI Yongyue,SHANG Yanjun,YUAN Guangxiang,et al.Evaluation of engineering geological condition of Daya Bay for sitting the laboratory of neutrino underground experiment[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2007,15(3):328-337.(in Chinese))
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