穿435m落差断层大巷的地质保障及施工控制技术
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摘要
以穿过435m落差、140m宽度断层带的主运输大巷的安全开掘为工程背景,研究特大断层区巷道施工地质保障及围岩控制技术。在断层岩性组成、断层岩芯剪切滑动面擦痕特征、断层导水特性及现代活动性等研究的基础上,结合区域地质分析判定穿该断层区域巷道施工不会遭受到断层突水威胁,施工的关键在于巷道顶板安全控制,针对性地提出化学浆液预注浆控制迎头空顶区岩体垮冒技术。如何防止超大范围断层破碎带内松散泥质岩体渗水泥化则是成巷后的最大技术问题;高强预应力锚杆支护和滞后强化注浆技术相结合可有效防止泥化,实现巷道长期维护。针对顶板状况设计两种技术方案,采取分步实施的动态施工工艺,在围岩顶板空顶自稳时间很短时,采取超前预注浆和喷层、架棚、注浆、锚杆组合技术方案;在围岩空顶自稳期间允许施工锚杆时,采用锚杆、注浆和关键部位锚索加固方案,保证了巷道的施工安全和长期稳定。
Taking safe construction of the main haulage roadway drilling crossing a 435-m fall and 140-m wide fault zone as engineering background,a study of engineering geological guarantee and construction controlling technique of roadway are performed. Based on the fault rocks,scraping characteristics of rock core shear-sliding surface,water conductivity,recent activities of the faults and regional geological analysis,it is found that roadway construction will not be subjected to fracture water outburst. The key construction technique lies in successful control of head-on hollow roof rock collapse. Under this point,grouting of chemical serum should be chosen as a precaution. Once the roadway is formed,it is important to control large-scale water seepage caused by argillitization of broken loose mudstone and keep long-term stability of roadway. So combination of lag-grouting of controlling rock mass weakened by fracture water and high-intensity pretension supporting to prevent continuous rheological deformation is advocated. As a result,two supporting schemes were considered:as long as self-stability of the roof rock is allowed,the stepwise bolting with anchorage cables installed at key area will be adopted;otherwise,the pre-grouting,spraying,shedding and bolting scheme will be selected instead. Process controlled project is highlighted by dynamic use of advancing pre-grouting,spraying,shedding and bolting to guarantee the roadway′s safe construction.
Taking safe construction of the main haulage roadway drilling crossing a 435-m fall and 140-m wide fault zone as engineering background,a study of engineering geological guarantee and construction controlling technique of roadway are performed. Based on the fault rocks,scraping characteristics of rock core shear-sliding surface,water conductivity,recent activities of the faults and regional geological analysis,it is found that roadway construction will not be subjected to fracture water outburst. The key construction technique lies in successful control of head-on hollow roof rock collapse. Under this point,grouting of chemical serum should be chosen as a precaution. Once the roadway is formed,it is important to control large-scale water seepage caused by argillitization of broken loose mudstone and keep long-term stability of roadway. So combination of lag-grouting of controlling rock mass weakened by fracture water and high-intensity pretension supporting to prevent continuous rheological deformation is advocated. As a result,two supporting schemes were considered:as long as self-stability of the roof rock is allowed,the stepwise bolting with anchorage cables installed at key area will be adopted;otherwise,the pre-grouting,spraying,shedding and bolting scheme will be selected instead. Process controlled project is highlighted by dynamic use of advancing pre-grouting,spraying,shedding and bolting to guarantee the roadway′s safe construction.
引文
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[2]郭军杰,韩春晓,涂兴子.煤巷掘进过断层方法[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2004,21(2):39–40,43.(GUO Junjie,HAN Chunxiao,TU Xingzi.Methods of coal entry driving through fault[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,2004,21(2):39–40,43.(in Chinese))
[3]邵顺妹,邹谨敞.断层泥的分形研究[J].地震学报,1996,18(3):376–381.(SHAO Shunmei,ZOU Jinchang.Fractal research of fault mud[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1996,18(3):376–381.(in Chinese))
[4]徐永福,吴正根.断层碎屑分布的分维及其地质意义[J].河海大学学报,1996,24(3):1–4.(XU Yongfu,WU Zhenggen.Fractal dimension of fragment and its geologic implication[J].Journal of Hohai University,1996,24(3):1–4.(in Chinese))
[5]谢焱石,谭凯旋.断裂构造的分形研究及其地质应用[J].地质地球化学,2002,30(1):71–76.(XIE Yanshi,TAN Kaixuan.Fractal research on fracture structure sand application to geology[J].Geology-Geochemistry,2002,30(1):71–76.(in Chinese))
[6]任光明,聂德新.软弱层带夹泥粒度成分的分形研究[J].地质灾害与环境保护,1997,8(4):1–8.(REN Guangming,NIE Dexin.Fractal character of granulometer composition of intercalated gouge in weak-layer zones[J].Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,1997,8(4):1–8.(in Chinese))
[7]柏春广,王建.一种新的粒度指标:沉积物粒度分维值及其环境意义[J].沉积学报,2003,21(2):234–239.(BAI Chunguang,WANG Jian.A new grain-size index:grain-size fractal dimension of sediment and its environmental significance[J].Acta Sedimentologica Sinica,2003,21(2):234–239.(in Chinese))
[8]赵庆彪,刘长武.软岩巷道锚注加固系统的“网络”效应[J].金属矿山,2003,(12):27–30.(ZHAO Qingbiao,LIU Changwu.“Network”effect of bolting-grouting reinforcement system in soft rock roadways[J].Metal Mine,2003,(12):27–30.(in Chinese))
[9]熊伟,何满潮.软岩巷道冒落区注浆技术[J].金属矿山,2005,(2):20–23.(XIONG Wei,HE Manchao.Grouting technology for collapsed zone in soft rock tunnel[J].Metal Mines,2005,(2):20–23.(in Chinese))
[10]张农,高明仕,许兴亮.煤巷预拉力支护体系及其工程应用[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2002,(4):1–4,7.(ZHANG Nong,GAO Mingshi,XU Xingliang.Prestressed supporting system of roadway and its engineering application[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,2002,(4):1–4,7.(in Chinese))
[11]许兴亮,张农,徐基根,等.高地应力破碎软岩巷道过程控制原理与实践[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2007,24(1):51–55.(XU Xingliang,ZHANG Nong,XU Jigen,et al.Principle and practice of process control over soft broken roadway with high ground stress[J].Journal of Mining and Safety Engineering,2007,24(1):51–55.(in Chinese))
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