结构鲁棒性评价中的构件重要性系数
|
摘要
考虑结构的鲁棒性是保证结构安全、特别是应付突发事件的最重要措施之一。如何对结构的鲁棒性进行定量评价是目前结构工程界最具有挑战性的前沿问题之一。以移除所分析构件前后的结构承载力变化为着眼点,给出一个结构鲁棒性评价中计算构件的重要性系数的新方法。在概念上,综合考虑结构的几何拓扑关系、构件的刚度和强度以及外荷载对结构鲁棒性的影响;在力学意义上,描述已破坏的构件是如何影响剩余结构的,实际上考虑了结构本身的性质与外荷载的共同作用机制;在加载过程中,以结构退化成机构为分析终止点,从一定程度上表现构件重要性与整个结构鲁棒性之间的关系;在算法上,以摄动法建立将构件"概念移除"前后的结构刚度矩阵关系,避开重组刚度矩阵和对其求逆的复杂过程,从而简化运算。最后通过两个满应力设计下的平面桁架结构为例,说明计算的过程,同时通过与已有构件重要性系数指标方法作比较,找到其中的区别和内在联系,论证计算结果的正确性和合理性。
Consideration of structural robustness is one of the most important measures to guarantee the structural safety,especially to deal with unexpected events. How to evaluate the structural robustness quantitatively is one of the most challenging problems in structural engineering. A new method to calculate the importance coefficient of components in structural robustness evaluation is given,which focuses on the change of structure capacity after removing a certain component in the structure. From conception,the structural topological relation,the component stiffness and strength,and the effect of external loads are all considered synthetically. Besides,from mechanics, how the broken component influences the remnant structure are also described,which can be used to explain the physical meaning of the new coefficients. At the same time,from global point of view,the interaction between the structural property and the external load effects is considered. The loading process is completed until the structure becomes a mechanism,to some extent,which helps to establish the relationship between component importance and structural robustness. From algorithm,a method called perturbation is used. It bridges the structural stiffness matrix before removing some component with that after removing,by which the rearrangement and inversion of the structural stiffness matrix can be avoided. Instead,the dimension of the structural stiffness matrix in each stage is only decided by the number of the broken components. The inversion calculation is easy,which only needs to treat some specific large sparse matrices. Finally,as practical examples,two plane trusses are given. Comparing with some existing indexes of component importance,the internal relations between them are found,and the correctness and rationality are also proven.
Consideration of structural robustness is one of the most important measures to guarantee the structural safety,especially to deal with unexpected events. How to evaluate the structural robustness quantitatively is one of the most challenging problems in structural engineering. A new method to calculate the importance coefficient of components in structural robustness evaluation is given,which focuses on the change of structure capacity after removing a certain component in the structure. From conception,the structural topological relation,the component stiffness and strength,and the effect of external loads are all considered synthetically. Besides,from mechanics, how the broken component influences the remnant structure are also described,which can be used to explain the physical meaning of the new coefficients. At the same time,from global point of view,the interaction between the structural property and the external load effects is considered. The loading process is completed until the structure becomes a mechanism,to some extent,which helps to establish the relationship between component importance and structural robustness. From algorithm,a method called perturbation is used. It bridges the structural stiffness matrix before removing some component with that after removing,by which the rearrangement and inversion of the structural stiffness matrix can be avoided. Instead,the dimension of the structural stiffness matrix in each stage is only decided by the number of the broken components. The inversion calculation is easy,which only needs to treat some specific large sparse matrices. Finally,as practical examples,two plane trusses are given. Comparing with some existing indexes of component importance,the internal relations between them are found,and the correctness and rationality are also proven.
引文
[1]刘西拉.结构工程学科的现状与展望[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1997.(LIU Xila.The status and prospects of structural engineering[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,1997.(in Chinese))
[2]刘西拉.建筑科学:双子大厦倒塌后反思[J].Newton科学世界,2001,(10):62–67.(LIU Xila.Building science:rethinking after the collapse of the Twin Towers[J].Newton Science World,2001,(10):62–67.(in Chinese))
[3]刘西拉,徐俊祥.突发事件中结构易损性的研究现状与展望[J].工业建筑,2007,(增):18–24.(LIU Xila,XU Junxiang.Study on the structural vulnerability under unexpected conditions[J].Industrial Construction,2007,(Supp.):18–24.(in Chinese))
[4]刘西拉,刘闯.结构安全性等级的实用计算[J].建筑结构学报,2001,22(1):42–47.(LIU Xila,LIU Chuang.A practical method for safety classification of structural systems[J].Journal of Building Structures,2001,22(1):42–47.(in Chinese))
[5]柳承茂,刘西拉.基于刚度的构件重要性评估及其与冗余度的关系[J].上海交通大学学报,2005,39(5):746–750.(LIU Chengmao,LIU Xila.Stiffness-based evaluation of component importance and its relationship with redundancy[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2005,39(5):746–750.(in Chinese))
[6]张雷明,刘西拉.框架结构能量流网络及其初步应用[J].土木工程学报,2007,40(3):45–49.(ZHANG Leiming,LIU Xila.Network of energy transfer in frame structures and its preliminary application[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2007,40(3):45–49.(in Chinese))
[7]PINTO J T,BLOCKLEY D I,WOODMAN N J.The risk of vulnerable failure[J].Structural Safety,2002,24(2–4):107–122.
[8]ENGLAND J,AGARWAL J,BLOCKLEY D.The vulnerability of structures to unforeseen events[J].Computers and Structures,2007,86(10):1042–1051.
[9]张雷明,刘西拉.框架结构倒塌分析中的几个问题[J].上海交通大学学报,2001,35(10):1578–1582.(ZHANG Leiming,LIU Xila.Some issues in the collapse analysis of frame structures[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2001,35(10):1578–1582.(in Chinese))
[10]周艳,张雷明,刘西拉.美国Cypress高架桥地震倒塌的仿真分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(17):3035–3044.(ZHOU Yan,ZHANG Leiming,LIU Xila.Collapse simulation and analysis of Cypress Viaduct during Loma Prieta earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(17):3035–3044.(in Chinese))
[11]张雷明,刘西拉.钢筋混凝土结构倒塌分析的前沿研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2003,23(3):47–52.(ZHANG Leiming,LIU Xila.Forward research of collapse analysis of reinforced concrete structure[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2003,23(3):47–52.(in Chinese))
[12]杜思义,殷学纲,张卫民,等.基于摄动有限元方法对梁结构损伤的识别[J].世界地震工程,2006,22(2):114–118.(DU Siyi,YIN Xuegang,ZHANG Weimin,et al.Damage detection of the beam based on perturbation matrix[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2006,22(2):114–118.(in Chinese))
[13]黄海,陈塑寰,孟光,等.结构静态拓扑重分析的摄动–Padé逼近法[J].固体力学学报,2005,26(3):321–324.(HUANG Hai,CHEN Suhuan,MENG Guang,et al.Perturbation-Padémethod for static topological reanalysis[J].Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica,2005,26(3):321–324.(in Chinese))
[14]张奇华,邬爱清,石根华.关键块体理论在百色水利枢纽地下厂房岩体稳定性分析中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(15):2609–2614.(ZHANG Qihua,WU Aiqing,SHI Genhua.Application of key block theory to analysis of rock stability for underground plant in Baise Hydraulic Project[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(15):2609–2614.(in Chinese))
[15]United States Department of Defense(USDOD).UFC4–023–03Design of buildings to resist progressive collapse[S].Washington D.C.:United States Department of Defense(USDOD),2005.
[2]刘西拉.建筑科学:双子大厦倒塌后反思[J].Newton科学世界,2001,(10):62–67.(LIU Xila.Building science:rethinking after the collapse of the Twin Towers[J].Newton Science World,2001,(10):62–67.(in Chinese))
[3]刘西拉,徐俊祥.突发事件中结构易损性的研究现状与展望[J].工业建筑,2007,(增):18–24.(LIU Xila,XU Junxiang.Study on the structural vulnerability under unexpected conditions[J].Industrial Construction,2007,(Supp.):18–24.(in Chinese))
[4]刘西拉,刘闯.结构安全性等级的实用计算[J].建筑结构学报,2001,22(1):42–47.(LIU Xila,LIU Chuang.A practical method for safety classification of structural systems[J].Journal of Building Structures,2001,22(1):42–47.(in Chinese))
[5]柳承茂,刘西拉.基于刚度的构件重要性评估及其与冗余度的关系[J].上海交通大学学报,2005,39(5):746–750.(LIU Chengmao,LIU Xila.Stiffness-based evaluation of component importance and its relationship with redundancy[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2005,39(5):746–750.(in Chinese))
[6]张雷明,刘西拉.框架结构能量流网络及其初步应用[J].土木工程学报,2007,40(3):45–49.(ZHANG Leiming,LIU Xila.Network of energy transfer in frame structures and its preliminary application[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2007,40(3):45–49.(in Chinese))
[7]PINTO J T,BLOCKLEY D I,WOODMAN N J.The risk of vulnerable failure[J].Structural Safety,2002,24(2–4):107–122.
[8]ENGLAND J,AGARWAL J,BLOCKLEY D.The vulnerability of structures to unforeseen events[J].Computers and Structures,2007,86(10):1042–1051.
[9]张雷明,刘西拉.框架结构倒塌分析中的几个问题[J].上海交通大学学报,2001,35(10):1578–1582.(ZHANG Leiming,LIU Xila.Some issues in the collapse analysis of frame structures[J].Journal of Shanghai Jiaotong University,2001,35(10):1578–1582.(in Chinese))
[10]周艳,张雷明,刘西拉.美国Cypress高架桥地震倒塌的仿真分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(17):3035–3044.(ZHOU Yan,ZHANG Leiming,LIU Xila.Collapse simulation and analysis of Cypress Viaduct during Loma Prieta earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(17):3035–3044.(in Chinese))
[11]张雷明,刘西拉.钢筋混凝土结构倒塌分析的前沿研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2003,23(3):47–52.(ZHANG Leiming,LIU Xila.Forward research of collapse analysis of reinforced concrete structure[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2003,23(3):47–52.(in Chinese))
[12]杜思义,殷学纲,张卫民,等.基于摄动有限元方法对梁结构损伤的识别[J].世界地震工程,2006,22(2):114–118.(DU Siyi,YIN Xuegang,ZHANG Weimin,et al.Damage detection of the beam based on perturbation matrix[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2006,22(2):114–118.(in Chinese))
[13]黄海,陈塑寰,孟光,等.结构静态拓扑重分析的摄动–Padé逼近法[J].固体力学学报,2005,26(3):321–324.(HUANG Hai,CHEN Suhuan,MENG Guang,et al.Perturbation-Padémethod for static topological reanalysis[J].Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica,2005,26(3):321–324.(in Chinese))
[14]张奇华,邬爱清,石根华.关键块体理论在百色水利枢纽地下厂房岩体稳定性分析中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(15):2609–2614.(ZHANG Qihua,WU Aiqing,SHI Genhua.Application of key block theory to analysis of rock stability for underground plant in Baise Hydraulic Project[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(15):2609–2614.(in Chinese))
[15]United States Department of Defense(USDOD).UFC4–023–03Design of buildings to resist progressive collapse[S].Washington D.C.:United States Department of Defense(USDOD),2005.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心