含隐伏断层煤层底板损伤演化及滞后突水机理分析
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摘要
基于对采动岩体流固耦合作用的力学响应以及底板岩体强度退化机制的认识,针对承压水体上采煤的岩体水力学模型,对底板隔水岩体的长期强度特征进行了分析,并用数值方法再现了含隐伏小断层底板在采动应力扰动和高承压水共同作用下采动裂隙形成、小断层活化、扩张、突水通道最终贯通形成的全过程。通过对损伤演化、应力场和渗流场的解读,揭示了开采扰动及水压驱动下完整底板由隔水岩层到突水通道的演化机理,对突水通道进行时空基准标定,并着重就小断层发育高度、承压水水压力大小对隔水底板的损伤演化模式及突水滞后时间的影响关系进行了分析探讨,从岩体强度退化及损伤演化机制的角度,为承压水体上采煤底板滞后突水的机理分析提供了一些新的认识。
Based on the knowledge of solid-fluid coupling mechanism and strength degradation law of coal seam floor,numerical tests with FEM method are conducted to investigate the long-term characteristics of floor rock mass and the initiation of fractures,activation of faults and formation of groundwater inrush pathways based on the mechanic model for rock mass with weak faults in coal mining above the confined aquifer.With the understanding of stress,damage and seepage flow evolution,the transformation of floor rock mass from water-resisting strata to inrush pathways is clearly illuminated and the groundwater inrush pathways are calibrated.Furthermore,the influence of the height of faults and the magnitude of water pressure on the damage evolution and delayed time of groundwater inrush is studied.And some significantly meaningful guides are provided for the investigation on the mechanism and prevention of delayed groundwater inrush in practice.
Based on the knowledge of solid-fluid coupling mechanism and strength degradation law of coal seam floor,numerical tests with FEM method are conducted to investigate the long-term characteristics of floor rock mass and the initiation of fractures,activation of faults and formation of groundwater inrush pathways based on the mechanic model for rock mass with weak faults in coal mining above the confined aquifer.With the understanding of stress,damage and seepage flow evolution,the transformation of floor rock mass from water-resisting strata to inrush pathways is clearly illuminated and the groundwater inrush pathways are calibrated.Furthermore,the influence of the height of faults and the magnitude of water pressure on the damage evolution and delayed time of groundwater inrush is studied.And some significantly meaningful guides are provided for the investigation on the mechanism and prevention of delayed groundwater inrush in practice.
引文
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[10]朱珍德,胡定.裂隙水压力对岩体强度的影响[J].岩土力学,2000,21(1):64–67.(ZHU Zhen-de,HU Ding.The effect of interstitial water pressure on rock mass strength[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2000,21(1):64–67.(in Chinese))
[11]MASUDA Koji.Effects of water on rock strength in a brittle regime[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2001,23:1653–1657.
[12]李建林.岩石拉剪流变特性的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(3):299–303.(LI Jian-lin.A test study on tension-shear creep of rock[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2000,22(3):299–303.(in Chinese))
[13]SCHMIDTK R H,LAJTAI E Z.The long-term strength of Lac du Bonnet granite[J].Int J Rock Mech Min Sci&Geomech Abstr,1985,22:461–465.
[14]VEMENY J M.A model for nonlinear rock deformation under compression due to sub-critical crack growth[J].Int J Rock Mech Min Sci&Geomech Abstr,1991,28(6):459–467.
[15]SHAO J F.Modeling of creep in rock materials in terms of material degradation[J].Computer and Geotechnics,2003,30:549–555.
[16]TANG C A,THAM L G,LEE P K K,YANG T H,LI L C.Coupling analysis of flow,stress and damage(FSD)in rock failure[J].Int J Rock Mech Min Sci,2002,39(4):477–489.
[17]李连崇,徐涛,唐春安,朱立凯.单轴压缩下岩石蠕变失稳破坏过程数值模拟[J].岩土力学,2007,28(9):1978–1982.(LI Lian-chong,XU Tao,TANG Chun-an,ZHU Li-kai.Numerical simulation of creep induced progressive failure process of rock under uniaxial compression[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(9):1978–1982.(in Chinese))
[18]LI Lian-chong,TANG Chun-an,MA Tian-hui.Research on the closure and creep mechanism of circular tunnels[J].Journal of Coal Science and Engineering,2008,14(2):195–199.
[19]陈宗基.地下巷道长期稳定性的岩石力学问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1982,1(1):1–8.(CHEN Zong-ji.The rock mechanics of long-term stability of underground tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1982,1(1):1–8.(in Chinese))
[20]李永盛.单轴压缩条件下四种岩石的蠕变和松弛试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1995,14(1):39–47.(LI Yong-sheng.Creep and relaxation of 4 kinds of rock under uniaxial compression tests[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1995,14(1):39–47.(in Chinese))
[21]吴立新,王金庄.煤岩流变特性及其微观影响特征初探[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15(4):328–332.(WU Li-xin,WANG Jin-zhuang.Preliminary exploration to rheology and micro-effect characteristics of coal[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1996,15(4):328–332.(in Chinese))
[22]蔡美峰,何满潮,刘东燕.岩石力学与工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.(CAI Mei-feng,HE Man-chao,LIU Dong-yan.Rock mechanics&rock engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2002.(in Chinese))
[23]MARTIN C D,CHANDLER N A.The progressive fracture of Lac du Bonnet granite[J].Int J Rock Mech Min Sci&Geomech Abstr,1994,31(6):643–659.
[2]张金才,张玉卓,刘天泉.岩体渗流与煤层底板突水[M].北京:地质出版社,1997.(ZHANG Jin-cai,ZHANG Yu-zhuo,LIU Tian-quan.Rock mass permeability and coal mine water inrush[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1997.(in Chinese))
[3]缪协兴,刘卫群,陈占清.采动岩体渗流理论[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.(MIAO Xie-xing,LIU Wei-qun,CHEN Zhan-qing.Theory of seepage flow in rockmass induced by mining[M].Beijing:Science Press,2004.(in Chinese))
[4]施龙青,韩进.底板突水机制及预测预报[M].北京:中国矿业大学出版社,2004.(SHI Long-qing,HAN Jin.Floor water-inrush mechanism and prediction[M].Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2004.(in Chinese))
[5]WU Q,WANG M,WU X.Investigations of groundwater bursting into coal mine seam floors from fault zones[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Science,2004,41(4):557–571.
[6]刘仁武,孙景华.南庄矿大型滞后突水及其原因分析[C]//全国矿井水文工程地质学术交流会论文集.北京:地震出版社,1992.(LIU Ren-wu,SUN Jing-hua.Analysis on the delayed water bursting in Nanzhuang mine[C]//Proceedings of Chinese Hydrology Symposium on Mines.Beijing:Seismological Press,1992.(in Chinese))
[7]童有德,叶贵钧.华北岩溶充水煤矿区底板滞后突水机制及其评价方法[C]//中国煤炭学会矿井地质专业委员会2001年学术年会论文集.北京:煤炭工业出版社,2001.(TONG You-de,YE Gui-jun.Mechanism and methods of delayed water inrush from coal floor with karstic water in Northern China[C]//Proceedings of Annual Symposium of the Mine and Geology Committee of Chinese Society of Coal.Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,2001.(in Chinese))
[8]武强,刘金韬,董东林,等.煤层底板断裂突水时间弱化效应机理的仿真模拟研究[J].地质学报,2001,75(4);554–561.(WU Qiang,LIU Jin-tao,DONG Dong-lin.Trial analyses and numerical simulations of water-bursting time-effect under coal bed[J].ACTA Geologica Sinica,2001,75(4):554–561.(in Chinese))
[9]武强,周英杰,刘金韬.煤层底板断层滞后型突水时效机理的力学试验研究[J].煤炭学报,2003,28(6):562–565.(WU Qiang,ZHOU Ying-jie,LIU Jin-tao.The mechanical experiment study on lag mechanism of water bursting of fault under coal seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2003,28(6):562–565.(in Chinese))
[10]朱珍德,胡定.裂隙水压力对岩体强度的影响[J].岩土力学,2000,21(1):64–67.(ZHU Zhen-de,HU Ding.The effect of interstitial water pressure on rock mass strength[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2000,21(1):64–67.(in Chinese))
[11]MASUDA Koji.Effects of water on rock strength in a brittle regime[J].Journal of Structural Geology,2001,23:1653–1657.
[12]李建林.岩石拉剪流变特性的试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(3):299–303.(LI Jian-lin.A test study on tension-shear creep of rock[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2000,22(3):299–303.(in Chinese))
[13]SCHMIDTK R H,LAJTAI E Z.The long-term strength of Lac du Bonnet granite[J].Int J Rock Mech Min Sci&Geomech Abstr,1985,22:461–465.
[14]VEMENY J M.A model for nonlinear rock deformation under compression due to sub-critical crack growth[J].Int J Rock Mech Min Sci&Geomech Abstr,1991,28(6):459–467.
[15]SHAO J F.Modeling of creep in rock materials in terms of material degradation[J].Computer and Geotechnics,2003,30:549–555.
[16]TANG C A,THAM L G,LEE P K K,YANG T H,LI L C.Coupling analysis of flow,stress and damage(FSD)in rock failure[J].Int J Rock Mech Min Sci,2002,39(4):477–489.
[17]李连崇,徐涛,唐春安,朱立凯.单轴压缩下岩石蠕变失稳破坏过程数值模拟[J].岩土力学,2007,28(9):1978–1982.(LI Lian-chong,XU Tao,TANG Chun-an,ZHU Li-kai.Numerical simulation of creep induced progressive failure process of rock under uniaxial compression[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(9):1978–1982.(in Chinese))
[18]LI Lian-chong,TANG Chun-an,MA Tian-hui.Research on the closure and creep mechanism of circular tunnels[J].Journal of Coal Science and Engineering,2008,14(2):195–199.
[19]陈宗基.地下巷道长期稳定性的岩石力学问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1982,1(1):1–8.(CHEN Zong-ji.The rock mechanics of long-term stability of underground tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1982,1(1):1–8.(in Chinese))
[20]李永盛.单轴压缩条件下四种岩石的蠕变和松弛试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1995,14(1):39–47.(LI Yong-sheng.Creep and relaxation of 4 kinds of rock under uniaxial compression tests[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1995,14(1):39–47.(in Chinese))
[21]吴立新,王金庄.煤岩流变特性及其微观影响特征初探[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15(4):328–332.(WU Li-xin,WANG Jin-zhuang.Preliminary exploration to rheology and micro-effect characteristics of coal[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1996,15(4):328–332.(in Chinese))
[22]蔡美峰,何满潮,刘东燕.岩石力学与工程[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.(CAI Mei-feng,HE Man-chao,LIU Dong-yan.Rock mechanics&rock engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2002.(in Chinese))
[23]MARTIN C D,CHANDLER N A.The progressive fracture of Lac du Bonnet granite[J].Int J Rock Mech Min Sci&Geomech Abstr,1994,31(6):643–659.
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