中国煤炭资源绿色开采研究现状与展望
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摘要
中国是世界上少有的以煤炭作为主要能源的国家之一,煤炭产量已经超过了世界总产量的三分之一,与煤炭生产相关的资源破坏、环境损害以及生产事故现象十分突出,因而我国学者率先提出了实现煤炭资源绿色开采的理念和科学研究与技术框架,继而又提出了实现科学采矿的学术观点.本文从煤炭资源绿色开采的内涵与框架、采动岩体结构理论和采动岩体渗流理论等方面较为系统地论述了煤炭资源绿色开采基础研究方面取得的主要进展;以煤与瓦斯共采、保水采煤和矸石直接充填采煤等技术开发成果,综述了在突破传统采煤技术理念上的煤炭资源绿色开采技术方面取得的重要进展;从实现煤炭资源绿色开采应重视的基础科学研究、重点技术攻关、政府应履行的职能以及国家立法等方面对今后相关研究与技术开发工作作了简单展望.
China is one of the very few countries using coal as its dominant energy resources,with the coal production exceeding one thirds of the total in the world.Some problems relating to coal mining are serious,such as resources destruction,environmental damage,and production accidents.Thus,Chinese scholars firstly proposed the concept of green mining of coal resources and scientific research and technological system for realizing the green mining.Then they put forward the academic viewpoint of realizing scientific mining.In this paper,we discuss,from the connotation and the basic system of the green mining,the structure theory of mining-induced rock mass,and the seepage theory of mining-induced rock mass,the main progresses achieved in the basic research of the coal resource green mining.According to the technical innovations of simultaneous extraction of coal and gas,water preserved mining,and the coal mining with gangue backfilling,we summarize the important progress in the coal resource green mining which has broken the traditional mining technology.Finally,we hold that more attention should be paid to achieving the coal resource green mining,such as the basic research,the key technology,the government's proper function,and the national legislation.
China is one of the very few countries using coal as its dominant energy resources,with the coal production exceeding one thirds of the total in the world.Some problems relating to coal mining are serious,such as resources destruction,environmental damage,and production accidents.Thus,Chinese scholars firstly proposed the concept of green mining of coal resources and scientific research and technological system for realizing the green mining.Then they put forward the academic viewpoint of realizing scientific mining.In this paper,we discuss,from the connotation and the basic system of the green mining,the structure theory of mining-induced rock mass,and the seepage theory of mining-induced rock mass,the main progresses achieved in the basic research of the coal resource green mining.According to the technical innovations of simultaneous extraction of coal and gas,water preserved mining,and the coal mining with gangue backfilling,we summarize the important progress in the coal resource green mining which has broken the traditional mining technology.Finally,we hold that more attention should be paid to achieving the coal resource green mining,such as the basic research,the key technology,the government's proper function,and the national legislation.
引文
[1]钱鸣高,许家林,缪协兴.煤矿绿色开采技术[J].中国矿业大学学报,2003,32(4):343-348.QIAN Ming-gao,XUJia-lin,MIAO Xie-xing.Greentechniquein coal mining[J].Journal of China Univer-sity of Mining&Technology,2003,32(4):343-347.
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[18]高井祥,王坚.绿色开采中的测绘保障措施[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(2):224-228.GAO Jing-xiang,WANG Jian.Security measuresfor surveying and mapping in green mining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technolo-gy,2004,33(2):224-228.
[19]张爱敏,丁在宇,罗振丽.三维地震在绿色开采中的作用和发展[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(2):229-232.ZHANG Ai-min,DING Zai-yu,LUO Zhen-li.Ap-plication and development of 3D seismic technologyin green mining[J].Journal of China University ofMining&Technology,2004,33(2):229-232.
[20]刘金平,张幼蒂,杨会俊.绿色开采的矿产资源价值[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(2):233-236.LI U Jin-ping,ZHANG You-di,YANG Hui-jun.Value of green mining in mineral resources[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technolo-gy,2004,33(2):233-236.
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[23]钱鸣高,缪协兴.采场上覆岩层结构的形态与受力分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1995,14(2):97-106.QIAN Ming-gao,MIAO Xie-xing.Theoretical anal-ysis on the structural formand stability of overlyingstrata in longwall mining[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,1995,14(2):97-106.
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[26]缪协兴,钱鸣高.采动岩体的关键层理论研究新进展[J].中国矿业大学学报,2000,29(1):25-29.MIAO Xie-xing,QIAN Ming-gao.Advance in keystrata theory of mining rockmass[J].Journal ofChina University of Mining&Technology,2000,29(1):25-29.
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[2]钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林.资源与环境协调(绿色)开采[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(1):1-7.QIAN Ming-gao,MIAO Xie-xing,XUJia-lin.Greenmining of coal resources harmonizing with environ-ment[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(1):1-7.
[3]钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林,等.论科学采矿[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2008,2(1):1-10.QIAN Ming-gao,MIAO Xie-xing,XUJia-lin,et al.On scientized mining[J].Journal of Mining&SafetyEngineering,2008,2(1):1-10.
[4]XUJia-lin,ZHU Wei-bin,LAI Wen-qi,et al.Greenmining techniques in the coal mines of china[J].Journal of Mines,Metals&Fuels,2004,52(12):395-398.
[5]XUJia-lin,QIAN Ming-gao.Study on influences ofkey stratum on mining-induced fractures distributionin overlying strata[J].Journal of Mines,Metals&Fuels,2006,54(12):240-244.
[6]许家林,钱鸣高.绿色开采的理念与技术框架[J].科技导报,2007,25(7):61-65.XUJia-lin,QIAN Ming-gao.Concept of green min-ing and its technical framework[J].Science&Tech-nology Review,2007,25(7):61-65.
[7]钱鸣高.绿色开采的概念与技术体系[J].煤炭科技,2003(4):1-3.QIAN Ming-gao.Technological system and greenmining concept[J].Coal Science&Technology Mag-azine,2003(4):1-3.
[8]缪协兴,张吉雄.矸石充填采煤中的矿压显现规律分析[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2007,24(4):379-382.MIAO Xie-xing,ZHANGJi-xiong.Analysis of stra-ta behavior in the process of coal mining by ganguebackfilling[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineer-ing,2007,24(4):379-382.
[9]张吉雄,缪协兴,茅献彪,等.建筑物下条带开采煤柱矸石置换开采的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增1):2687-2693.ZHANGJi-xiong,MIAO Xie-xing,MAO Xian-biao,et al.Research on waste substitution extraction ofstrip extraction coal-pillar mining[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(Supp 1):2687-2693.
[10]缪协兴,浦海,白海波.隔水关键层原理及其在保水采煤中的应用研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2008,37(1):1-4.MIAO Xie-xing,PU Hai,BAI Hai-bo.Principle ofwater-resisting key strata and its application in wa-ter-preserved mining[J].Journal of China Universi-ty of Mining&Technology,2008,37(1):1-4.
[11]刘勇,刘萍,曾建荣.采矿业绿色开采法律体系探讨[J].煤矿安全,2008,39(1):98-101.LI U Yong,LI U Ping,ZENGJian-rong.Discussionon the legal systemof green miningin miningindus-try[J].Safety in Coal Mines,2008,39(1):98-101.
[12]汪海平,王庆,兰永伟.煤矿的绿色开采[J].煤炭技术,2007,2(9):51-53.WANG Hai-ping,WANG Qing,LAN Yong-wei.Lasting exploit of mine coal[J].Coal Technology,2007,2(9):51-53.
[13]崔丽琴.绿色开采创新理念与矿区可持续发展[J].安全与环境学报,2006,6(B07):54-55.CUI Li-qin.Green mining innovative idea and thesustainable development of mining area[J].Journalof Safety and Environment,2006,6(B07):54-55.
[14]祝怡斌,张晓倩.矿山开发环境评价应注意的几个循环经济问题[J].金属矿山,2006(2):72-74.ZHU Yi-bin,ZHANG Xiao-qian.Issues of cycle e-conomy needing attention in environment evaluationof mine development[J].Metal Mine,2006(2):72-74.
[15]龙如银,董洁.煤炭企业实施绿色开采的博弈分析及政策建议[J].中国矿业,2005,14(2):17-20.LONG Ru-yin,DONGJie.Game analysis on miningenterprises carrying out green mining and the policyrecommendations[J].China Mining Magazine,2005,14(2):17-20.
[16]汪云甲.论矿区资源绿色开发的资源科学基础[J].资源科学,2005,27(1):14-19.WANG Yun-jia.On the green exploitation of natu-ral resources in mining areas of China[J].ResourcesScience,2005,27(1):14-19.
[17]谭海樵.面向煤矿绿色开采的集成信息系统[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(2):209-212.TAN Hai-qiao.Green-mining-oriented integratedinformation system[J].Journal of China Universityof Mining&Technology,2004,33(2):209-212.
[18]高井祥,王坚.绿色开采中的测绘保障措施[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(2):224-228.GAO Jing-xiang,WANG Jian.Security measuresfor surveying and mapping in green mining[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technolo-gy,2004,33(2):224-228.
[19]张爱敏,丁在宇,罗振丽.三维地震在绿色开采中的作用和发展[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(2):229-232.ZHANG Ai-min,DING Zai-yu,LUO Zhen-li.Ap-plication and development of 3D seismic technologyin green mining[J].Journal of China University ofMining&Technology,2004,33(2):229-232.
[20]刘金平,张幼蒂,杨会俊.绿色开采的矿产资源价值[J].中国矿业大学学报,2004,33(2):233-236.LI U Jin-ping,ZHANG You-di,YANG Hui-jun.Value of green mining in mineral resources[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technolo-gy,2004,33(2):233-236.
[21]QIAN Ming-gao.Astudy of the behaviour of over-lying strata in longwall mining and its application tostrata control[C]//Proceedings of the Symposiumon Strata Mechanics.[S.l.]:Elsevier ScientificPublishing Company,1982:13-17.
[22]钱鸣高,李鸿昌.采场上覆岩层活动规律及其对矿山压力的影响[J].煤炭学报,1982,7(2):1-12.QIAN Ming-gao,LI Hong-chang.The movementof overlying strata in longwall mining and its effecton ground pressure[J].Journal of China Coal Socie-ty,1982,7(2):1-12.
[23]钱鸣高,缪协兴.采场上覆岩层结构的形态与受力分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1995,14(2):97-106.QIAN Ming-gao,MIAO Xie-xing.Theoretical anal-ysis on the structural formand stability of overlyingstrata in longwall mining[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,1995,14(2):97-106.
[24]钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林.岩层控制中的关键层理论研究[J].煤炭学报,1996,21(3):225-230.QIAN Ming-gao,MIAO Xie-xing,XUJia-lin.The-oretical study of key stratumin ground control[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1996,21(3):225-230.
[25]钱鸣高,缪协兴,许家林,等.岩层控制的关键层理论[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003.
[26]缪协兴,钱鸣高.采动岩体的关键层理论研究新进展[J].中国矿业大学学报,2000,29(1):25-29.MIAO Xie-xing,QIAN Ming-gao.Advance in keystrata theory of mining rockmass[J].Journal ofChina University of Mining&Technology,2000,29(1):25-29.
[27]缪协兴,刘卫群,陈占清.采动岩体渗流理论[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[28]李顺才,陈占清,缪协兴,等.破碎岩体中气体渗流的非线性动力学研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(7):1372-1380.LI Shun-cai,CHEN Zhan-qing,MIAO Xie-xing,etal.Nonlinear dynamic study on gas flowin brokenrock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2007,26(7):1372-1380.
[29]刘卫群,缪协兴,余为,等.破碎岩石气体渗透性的试验测定方法[J].实验力学,2006,21(3):399-402.LI U Wei-qun,MIAO Xie-xing,YU Wei,et al.Atesting method for determining the gas permeabilityof overbroken rocks[J].Journal of Experi mentalMechanics,2006,21(3):399-402.
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