干旱区不同土地利用类型的时空分形特征研究——以塔里木河干流区域为例
|
摘要
以新疆塔里木河干流1990年、2000和2007年土地利用数据为例,应用分形理论来分析干旱区内陆河流域土地利用空间结构复杂性、稳定性以及动态变化性,通过建立距离河道不同的缓冲区范围来变化空间尺度,研究分形的空间尺度变化效应。结果表明,各种土地利用类型都具有空间分形特征,1990年土地利用分形维值由大到小的顺序是其它用地>牧草地>耕地>林地>居民及独立工矿用地>未利用地,2000年和2007年土地利用分形维值大小顺序为其它用地>牧草地>耕地>林地>未利用地>居民及独立工矿用地;通过空间结构稳定性指数分析得到天然植被(林地、牧草地等)的空间结构稳定性比较小。随着空间尺度的逐级扩大,各土地利用类型的分形特征依然存在,但分形维数减少,土地利用空间结构总体趋于简单状态下稳定。
Though the fractal theory,the complexity,stability and dynamic of the spatial structure of land use of the inland river basin in arid area was studied and the scale effect of fractal was also studied with the establishment of different distances buffer to the river using the land use data of 1991,2000 and 2007 of the main stream of the Trim River in Xinjiang.All land use types have fractal characteristics.The ranking of the value of fractal dimension of different land use types in 1990 was as follows:the fractal dimension value of other land use>that of grassland>that of cultivated land>that of forest land>that of residential land and industrial and mining land>that of unavailable land.It was alike in both 2000 and 2007 and almost similar with that in 1990 except the value of fractal dimension of unavailable land was bigger than that of residential land and industrial and mining land.The analyzing of stability index of spatial structure of varied land use tapes showed that natural vegetation(forest land,grassland, etc) had low stability.As the enlargement of spatial scale,all land use types still possessed the characteristic of fractal,but their value of fractal dimension was decreased and their spatial structure tended to stabilization of simple situation.
Though the fractal theory,the complexity,stability and dynamic of the spatial structure of land use of the inland river basin in arid area was studied and the scale effect of fractal was also studied with the establishment of different distances buffer to the river using the land use data of 1991,2000 and 2007 of the main stream of the Trim River in Xinjiang.All land use types have fractal characteristics.The ranking of the value of fractal dimension of different land use types in 1990 was as follows:the fractal dimension value of other land use>that of grassland>that of cultivated land>that of forest land>that of residential land and industrial and mining land>that of unavailable land.It was alike in both 2000 and 2007 and almost similar with that in 1990 except the value of fractal dimension of unavailable land was bigger than that of residential land and industrial and mining land.The analyzing of stability index of spatial structure of varied land use tapes showed that natural vegetation(forest land,grassland, etc) had low stability.As the enlargement of spatial scale,all land use types still possessed the characteristic of fractal,but their value of fractal dimension was decreased and their spatial structure tended to stabilization of simple situation.
引文
[1]Mandelbrot B B.How long is the coast of Britain?Statistical selfsimilarity and fractional dimension[J].Science,1967,156:636- 638.
[2]秦耀辰,刘凯.分形理论在地理学中的应用进展[J].地理科学进展,2003,22(4):426-436.[Qin Yaochen,Liu Kai.Advancement of applied studies of fractal theory in geography[J]. Progress in Geography,2003,22(4):426-436.]
[3]张捷,包浩生.分形理论及其在地貌学中的应用-—分形地貌学研究综述及展望[J].地理研究,1994,13(3):104-112. [Zhang Jie,Bao Haosheng.Fractal geomorphology review and prospect[J].Geographical Research,1994,13(3):104-112.]
[4]李云开,杨培岭,任树梅,等.土壤水分与溶质运移机制的分形理论研究进展[J].水科学进展,2005,16(6):892-899.[Li Yunkai,Yang Peiling,Ren Shumei,et al.Development in research on the fractal theory of soil water and solute transport mechanisms [J].Advances in Water Science,2005,16(6):892-899.]
[5]周寅康,张捷,王腊春,等.分形论与自然灾害研究—地震、洪涝灾害中的分形研究[J].自然灾害学报,1995,4(4):9-15. [Zhou Yinkang,Zhang Jie,Wang Lachun,et al.Fractal and natural disasters research-fractal researches in seismic and flood disasters [J].Journal of Natural Disasters,1995,4(4):9-15.]
[6]周厚云,刁桂仪,郭国章.用海岸线分形计算方法对气候变化复杂性的初步研究——以渭南黄土剖面[J].地球化学, 1999,28(1):80-86.[Zhou Houyun,Diao Guiyi,Guo Guozhang.Preliminary study of the complexity of climatic variation using the method for calculating fractal of coastal line A case study of mass fraction of CaCO3 from Weinan Loess Profile[J]. Geochimica,1999,28(1):80-86.]
[7]仵宗卿,安成谋.西北地区城市规模分形结构研究[J]干旱区地理,1997,20(1):9-17.[Wu Zongqing,An Chengmou. Study on fractal structure of city-size of the north-west region of China[J].Arid Land Geography,1997,20(1):9-17.]
[8]王桥,胡毓钜.基于分形分析的自动化制图综合研究[J].测绘学报,1995,24(3):211-216.[Wang Qiao,Hu Yuju.A study on the automated cartographic generalization by using fractal analysis [J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica.1995.24 (3):211-216.]
[9]葛咏,杜云艳,成秋明,等.多重分形方法在涡旋遥感信息处理提取中的应用研究[J].海洋学报,2007,29(5):40-47.[Ge Yong,Du Yunyan,Cheng Qiuming,et al.Multifractal filtering method for extraction of ocean eddies from remotely sensed imagery [J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2007,29(5):40-47.]
[10]徐建华,艾南山,金炯,等.西北干旱区景观要素镶嵌结构的分形研究:以黑河流域为例[J].干旱区研究,2001,18(1):35- 39.[Xu Jianhua,Ai Nanshan,Jin Jiong,et al.A fractal study on the mosaic structure of the landscape of northwest China-taking the drainage area of Heihe River as an example[J].Arid Zone Research, 2001,18(1):35-39.]
[11]刘纯平,陈宁强,夏德深.土地利用类型的分数维分析[J].遥感学报,2003,7(2):136-141.[Liu Chunping,Chen Ningqiang,Xia Deshen.Fractal dimension analysis of land use type[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2003,7(2):136-141.]
[12]邵怀勇,仙薇,马泽中,等.土地利用/土地覆被镶嵌体的分享结构模型研究[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(5):155-158. [Shao Huaiyong,Xian Wei,Ma Zezhong,et al.Fractal model study on mosaic structure of land use/cover[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,18(5):155-158.]
[13]李新东,郭志兴,邓南荣,等.土地利用类型的分维值和稳定性指数的空间变异分析[J].生态环境,2007,16(2):627-631. [Li Xindong,Guo Zhixing,Deng Nanrong,et al.Analysis of spatial variability for fractal dimension and stability indexes of land use type[J].Ecology and Environment,2007,16(2):627- 631.]
[14]张丽,杨庆媛,冯应斌.基于分形理论的区域土地利用类型探讨——以重庆市沙坪坝区为例[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,30(8):137-141.[Zhang Li,Yang Qingyuan,Feng Yingbin.Discussion of regional land use types based on fractal theory[J].Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition), 2008,30(8):137-141]
[15]陈亚宁,李卫红,徐海量,等.塔里木河下游地下水位对植被的影响[J].地理学报,2003,58(4):542-549.[Chen Yaning,Li Weihong,Xu Hailiang,et al.The influence of groundwater on vegetation in the lower reaches of Tarim River,China[J].Acta Geagraphica Sinica,2003,58(4):542-549.]
[16]贡璐,张海峰,安尼瓦尔·阿木提,等.干旱区内陆河流域典型绿洲土地利用格局变化中的人为影响空间分异研究[J].干旱区地理,2009,32(4):585-591.[Gong Lu,Zhang Haifeng,Aniwar Amut,et al.Spatial different analysis of land use change and human impact in typical oasis in arid land[J].Arid Land Geography, 2009,32(4):585-591.]
[17]董连科.分形理论及其应用[M].沈阳:辽宁科学出版社, 1991.[Dong Lianke.Fractal theory and application[M].Shenyang: Science Publishing House of Liaoning,1991.]
[18]朱晓华,蔡运龙.中国土地利用空间分形结构及其机制[J].地理科学,2005,25(6):671-677.[Zhu Xiaohua,Cai Yunlong. Fractal analysis of land use in China[J].Scentia Geographica Sinica,2005,25(6):671-677.]
[2]秦耀辰,刘凯.分形理论在地理学中的应用进展[J].地理科学进展,2003,22(4):426-436.[Qin Yaochen,Liu Kai.Advancement of applied studies of fractal theory in geography[J]. Progress in Geography,2003,22(4):426-436.]
[3]张捷,包浩生.分形理论及其在地貌学中的应用-—分形地貌学研究综述及展望[J].地理研究,1994,13(3):104-112. [Zhang Jie,Bao Haosheng.Fractal geomorphology review and prospect[J].Geographical Research,1994,13(3):104-112.]
[4]李云开,杨培岭,任树梅,等.土壤水分与溶质运移机制的分形理论研究进展[J].水科学进展,2005,16(6):892-899.[Li Yunkai,Yang Peiling,Ren Shumei,et al.Development in research on the fractal theory of soil water and solute transport mechanisms [J].Advances in Water Science,2005,16(6):892-899.]
[5]周寅康,张捷,王腊春,等.分形论与自然灾害研究—地震、洪涝灾害中的分形研究[J].自然灾害学报,1995,4(4):9-15. [Zhou Yinkang,Zhang Jie,Wang Lachun,et al.Fractal and natural disasters research-fractal researches in seismic and flood disasters [J].Journal of Natural Disasters,1995,4(4):9-15.]
[6]周厚云,刁桂仪,郭国章.用海岸线分形计算方法对气候变化复杂性的初步研究——以渭南黄土剖面[J].地球化学, 1999,28(1):80-86.[Zhou Houyun,Diao Guiyi,Guo Guozhang.Preliminary study of the complexity of climatic variation using the method for calculating fractal of coastal line A case study of mass fraction of CaCO3 from Weinan Loess Profile[J]. Geochimica,1999,28(1):80-86.]
[7]仵宗卿,安成谋.西北地区城市规模分形结构研究[J]干旱区地理,1997,20(1):9-17.[Wu Zongqing,An Chengmou. Study on fractal structure of city-size of the north-west region of China[J].Arid Land Geography,1997,20(1):9-17.]
[8]王桥,胡毓钜.基于分形分析的自动化制图综合研究[J].测绘学报,1995,24(3):211-216.[Wang Qiao,Hu Yuju.A study on the automated cartographic generalization by using fractal analysis [J].Acta Geodaetica et Cartographica Sinica.1995.24 (3):211-216.]
[9]葛咏,杜云艳,成秋明,等.多重分形方法在涡旋遥感信息处理提取中的应用研究[J].海洋学报,2007,29(5):40-47.[Ge Yong,Du Yunyan,Cheng Qiuming,et al.Multifractal filtering method for extraction of ocean eddies from remotely sensed imagery [J].Acta Oceanologica Sinica,2007,29(5):40-47.]
[10]徐建华,艾南山,金炯,等.西北干旱区景观要素镶嵌结构的分形研究:以黑河流域为例[J].干旱区研究,2001,18(1):35- 39.[Xu Jianhua,Ai Nanshan,Jin Jiong,et al.A fractal study on the mosaic structure of the landscape of northwest China-taking the drainage area of Heihe River as an example[J].Arid Zone Research, 2001,18(1):35-39.]
[11]刘纯平,陈宁强,夏德深.土地利用类型的分数维分析[J].遥感学报,2003,7(2):136-141.[Liu Chunping,Chen Ningqiang,Xia Deshen.Fractal dimension analysis of land use type[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2003,7(2):136-141.]
[12]邵怀勇,仙薇,马泽中,等.土地利用/土地覆被镶嵌体的分享结构模型研究[J].水土保持学报,2004,18(5):155-158. [Shao Huaiyong,Xian Wei,Ma Zezhong,et al.Fractal model study on mosaic structure of land use/cover[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2004,18(5):155-158.]
[13]李新东,郭志兴,邓南荣,等.土地利用类型的分维值和稳定性指数的空间变异分析[J].生态环境,2007,16(2):627-631. [Li Xindong,Guo Zhixing,Deng Nanrong,et al.Analysis of spatial variability for fractal dimension and stability indexes of land use type[J].Ecology and Environment,2007,16(2):627- 631.]
[14]张丽,杨庆媛,冯应斌.基于分形理论的区域土地利用类型探讨——以重庆市沙坪坝区为例[J].西南大学学报(自然科学版),2008,30(8):137-141.[Zhang Li,Yang Qingyuan,Feng Yingbin.Discussion of regional land use types based on fractal theory[J].Journal of Southwest University(Natural Science Edition), 2008,30(8):137-141]
[15]陈亚宁,李卫红,徐海量,等.塔里木河下游地下水位对植被的影响[J].地理学报,2003,58(4):542-549.[Chen Yaning,Li Weihong,Xu Hailiang,et al.The influence of groundwater on vegetation in the lower reaches of Tarim River,China[J].Acta Geagraphica Sinica,2003,58(4):542-549.]
[16]贡璐,张海峰,安尼瓦尔·阿木提,等.干旱区内陆河流域典型绿洲土地利用格局变化中的人为影响空间分异研究[J].干旱区地理,2009,32(4):585-591.[Gong Lu,Zhang Haifeng,Aniwar Amut,et al.Spatial different analysis of land use change and human impact in typical oasis in arid land[J].Arid Land Geography, 2009,32(4):585-591.]
[17]董连科.分形理论及其应用[M].沈阳:辽宁科学出版社, 1991.[Dong Lianke.Fractal theory and application[M].Shenyang: Science Publishing House of Liaoning,1991.]
[18]朱晓华,蔡运龙.中国土地利用空间分形结构及其机制[J].地理科学,2005,25(6):671-677.[Zhu Xiaohua,Cai Yunlong. Fractal analysis of land use in China[J].Scentia Geographica Sinica,2005,25(6):671-677.]
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心