高温、真空回潮及烟叶复烤杀虫工艺研究
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摘要
为有效控制贮烟害虫,提高防治的安全性,进行了高温、真空回潮对烟草甲的杀虫效果、烟叶复烤杀虫工艺参数确定以及复烤温度对烟叶吸味品质的影响试验。结果表明:烘箱内温度100℃,历时4min各虫态烟草甲全部死亡;真空回潮具有杀死各种虫态烟草甲的作用,真空度越高(真空回潮机温度越低),烟草甲成虫、幼虫和蛹的死亡率越高,卵孵化率越低,当真空回潮机内真空度为99.02%,温度50℃,保压1 min时,各种虫态烟草甲全部被杀死;在打叶复烤线上,烟草甲成虫和幼虫耐高温的能力强,适当调整复烤干燥阶段的工艺参数,不能完全杀死烟草甲。采用真空回潮与适当提高复烤干燥温度相结合的方法,可100%杀死烟草甲。
Focusing on the effectiveness and safety in pest control for stored tobacco,the treatments with high temperature and vacuum condition affected on the control effects to Lasioderma serricorne,the technological parameters setting in tobacco redrying and the effect of redrying temperature on smoking quality of tobacco leaf were experimented.The results indicated that: 1) the tobacco beetles of all growth phases were killed in the oven of 100 ℃ in 4 minutes;2) in the vacuum conditioner,the higher the vacuum degree(the lower the temperature) was,the higher the mortality rate of adult,larva and pupae of tobacco beetles and the lower the hatch rate of eggs would be;when the vacuum was 99.02% and the temperature was 50 ℃,the tobacco beetles of all growth phases were killed in one minute;3) certain of the adults and larvas survived the higher temperature in tobacco redrying;however,the beetles could be completely killed by vacuum conditioning plus properly elevated redrying temperature.
Focusing on the effectiveness and safety in pest control for stored tobacco,the treatments with high temperature and vacuum condition affected on the control effects to Lasioderma serricorne,the technological parameters setting in tobacco redrying and the effect of redrying temperature on smoking quality of tobacco leaf were experimented.The results indicated that: 1) the tobacco beetles of all growth phases were killed in the oven of 100 ℃ in 4 minutes;2) in the vacuum conditioner,the higher the vacuum degree(the lower the temperature) was,the higher the mortality rate of adult,larva and pupae of tobacco beetles and the lower the hatch rate of eggs would be;when the vacuum was 99.02% and the temperature was 50 ℃,the tobacco beetles of all growth phases were killed in one minute;3) certain of the adults and larvas survived the higher temperature in tobacco redrying;however,the beetles could be completely killed by vacuum conditioning plus properly elevated redrying temperature.
引文
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[2]奚家勤,宋纪真,尹启生,等.微波对烟草甲的杀虫效果[J].烟草科技,2007(11):70-73.
[3]宋纪真,奚家勤,周汉平,等.贮烟害虫防治新技术研究及综合控制技术集成推广[C]//2007.中国烟草自主创新高层论坛文集.武汉:中国烟草自主创新高层论坛组委会,2007.
[4]李典谟.昆虫与环境[M].北京:中国农业科技出版社,2001.
[5]Samfield M,Brock B A.Bulk thermal conductivity of tobac-co[J].Tob Sci,1958(2):49-50.
[6]L.Ryan著,杜予州,孙光军,杨国安,等译.烟草仓贮害虫控制[M].北京:地震出版社,2000.
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