裂缝对混凝土中介质传输的影响
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摘要
综述了裂缝对混凝土耐久性的影响,详细介绍了裂缝的诱导、裂缝的表征、裂缝的测量方法以及裂缝对氯离子、CO2以及水三种介质的传输影响。同时讨论了裂缝宽度与不同传输机制下氯离子、CO2以及水三种介质的传输速率的关系,指出了此课题研究的重要性,并提出可将混凝土的抗渗性作为反映耐久性的一个综合性指标。
A review is given on the effect of cracking on concrete durability.Inducement of cracking,characteristics of cracking,measurement of cracking and the effect of cracking on transport properties of Cl-,CO2 and water in concrete are presented.The relation between cracking width and transmission rate under different transport mechanism is also discussed,and it is concluded that permeability can be regarded as a comprehensive index of concrete durability.
A review is given on the effect of cracking on concrete durability.Inducement of cracking,characteristics of cracking,measurement of cracking and the effect of cracking on transport properties of Cl-,CO2 and water in concrete are presented.The relation between cracking width and transmission rate under different transport mechanism is also discussed,and it is concluded that permeability can be regarded as a comprehensive index of concrete durability.
引文
[1]NAVARRO V,YUSTRES A,CEA L,et al.Characterization of the water flow through concrete based on parameter estimation from infiltration tests[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2006(36):1575-1582.
[2]SERCOMBE J,VIDAL R,GALLC,et al.Experimental study of gas diffusion in cement paste[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2007(37):579-588.
[3]POURSAEE A,HANSSON C M.The influence of longitudinal cracks on the corrosion protection afforded reinforcing steel in high performance concrete[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2008(38):1098-1105.
[4]ARYA C,OFORI-DARKO F K.Influence of crack frequency on rein-forcement corrosion in concrete[J].Cement and Concrete Research,1996,26(3):345-353.
[5]SCHUTTER D.Quantification of influence of cracks in concrete struc-tures on carbonation and chloride penetration[J].Magazine of Concrete Research,1999,51(6):427-435.
[6]SAITO M,OHTA M,ISHIMORI H.Chloride permeability of concrete subjected to freeze-thaw damage[J].Cement and Concrete Composites,1994,16(4):233-239.
[7]AMMOUCHE A,BREYSSE D,HORNAIN H,et al.A new image analy-sis technique for the quantitative assessment of microcracks in cement-based materials[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2000(30):25-35.
[8]ISMAIL M,TOUMI A,FRANOIS R,et al.Transport properties of wa-ter and glycol in an ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete(UHPFRC)under high tensile deformation[J].Cement and Concrete Re-search,2008(38):689-698.
[9]SULLIVAN-GREEN L,HIME W,DOWDING C.Accelerated protocol for measurement of carbonation through a crack surface[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2007(37):916-923.
[10]SONG X F,WEI J F,HE T S H.A method to repair concrete leakage through cracks by synthesizing super-absorbent resin in situ[J].Con-struction and Building Materials,2009(23):386-391.
[11]王铁梦.建筑物的裂缝控制[M].上海:上海科技出版社,1987.
[12]侯宝隆,蒋之峰.混凝土的非破损检测[M].北京:地震出版社,1992.
[13]GRANGER S,PIJAUDIER C G,LOUKILI A,et al.Monitoring of cracking and healing in an ultra high performance cementitious mate-rial using the time reversal technique[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2009(39):296-302.
[14]YANG Z.Assessing cumulative damage in concrete and quantifying its influence on life cycle performance modeling[D].Dissertation,Purdue University,West Lafayette,IN,2004.
[15]SAMAHA H R,HOVER K C.Influence of microcracking on the mass transport properties of concrete[J].AC1Materials Journal,1992,89(4):416-424.
[16]CHERMANT J L.Why automatic image analysis?An introuduction to this issue[J].Cement and Concrete Composites,2001(23):127-131.
[17]耿飞,解建光,钱春香.图像分析技术对混凝土裂缝的定量评价[J].混凝土,2005(5):78-94.
[18]高小建,巴恒静.混凝土结构耐久性与裂缝控制中值得探讨的几个问题[J].混凝土,2001(11):12-13.
[19]水中和,万惠文,钟杰.离子传输与混凝土耐久性[J].国外建材科技,2003,24(3):1-3.
[20]万小梅,张芳如,赵铁军.混凝土的传质过程及其理论[J].海岸工程,2001,20(2):73-78.
[21]MUSTAFA S.Effect of flexure induced transverse crack and self-heal-ing on chloride diffusivity of reinforced mortar[J].J Mater Sci,2007(42):9131-9136.
[22]GRARD B,MARCGAND J.Influence of cracking on the diffusion properties of cement-based materials,Part I:Influence of continuous cracks on the steady-state regime[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2000(30):37-43.
[23]施惠生,王琼.混凝土中氯离子迁移的影响因素研究[J].建筑材料学报,2004,7(3):286-290.
[24]RODRIGUEZ O G.Influence of cracks on chloride ingress into con-crete[D].University of Toronto,2001.
[25]GOWRIPALAN N,SIRIVIVATNANON V,LIM C C.Chloride diffusivi-ty of concrete cracked in flexure[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2000,30(5):725-730.
[26]SAKAI K,SASAKI S.Ten year exposure test of precracked reinforced concrete in a marine environment[C]//Durability of Concrete.Third In-ternational Conference,Nice,France,ACI SP-145,Detroit,Michigan,1994:353-369.
[27]ALDEA C M,SHAH S P,KARR A.Effect of cracking on water and chloride permeability of concrete[J].Journal of Materials in Civil Engi-neering,1999,11(3):181-187.
[28]GOWRIPALAN N,SIRIVIVATNANON V,LIM C C.Chloride diffusivi-ty of concrete cracked in flexure[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2000(30):725-730.
[29]KONIN A,FRANCOIS R,ARLIGUIE G.Penetration of chlorides in re-lation to the micro-cracking state into reinforced ordinary and high strength concrete[J].Materials and Structures,1998,31(5):310-316.
[30]SAITO M,OHTA M,ISHIMORI H.Chloride permeability of concrete subjected to freeze-thaw damage[J].Cement and Concrete Composites,1994,16(4):233-239.
[31]JAFFER S J,HANSSON C M.The influence of cracks on chloride-in-duced corrosion of steel in ordinary Portland cement and high perfor-mance concretes subjected to different loading conditions[J].Corrosion Science,2008,50(12):3343-3355.
[32]OTSUKI N,MITAZATO S,DIOLA N B,et al.Influences of bending crack and water-cement ratio on chloride-induced corrosion of main reinforc-ing bars and stirmps[J].AC1Materials Journal,2000,97(4):454-464.
[33]QI C.Quantitative assessment of plastic shrinkage cracking and its im-pact on the corrosion of steel reinforcement[D].Purdue University,2003.
[34]ISMAIL M,TOUMI A,FRANIOIS R,et al.Effect of crack opening on the local diffusion of chloride in inert materials[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2004(34):711-716.
[35]JACOBSEN S,MARCHAND J,BOISVERT L.Effect of cracking and healing on chloride transport in OPC concrete[J].Cement and Concrete Research,1996,26(6):869-881.
[36]BASHEER L,KROPP J,CLELAND D J.Assessment of the durability of concrete from its permeation properties:a review[J].Construction and Building Materials,2001(15):93-103.
[37]陈儒睿.裂缝对钢筋混凝土桥梁结构耐久性的影响及预防[J].大视野,2008(7):115-116.
[38]陈向勇.带裂缝钢筋混凝土构件的耐久性寿命预测[J].福建建设科技,2004(1):8-9.
[39]吴建华,张亚梅,孙伟.混凝土碳化模型和试验方法综述及建议[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2008(6):1-7.
[40]CONCIATORI D,SADOUKI H,BRHWILER E.Capillary suction and diffusion model for chloride ingress into concrete[J].Cement and Con-crete Research,2008(38):1401-1408.
[41]SONG H W,KWON S J,BYUN K J.Predicting carbonation in early-aged cracked concrete[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2006(36):979-989.
[42]王新友,蒋正武,高相东,等.混凝土中水分迁移机理与模型研究评述[J].建筑材料学报,2002,5(1):66-71.
[43]SAMAHA H R,HOVER K C.Influence of microcracking on the mass transport properties of concrete[J].ACI Materials Journal,1992,89(4):416-424.
[44]HEARN N.Effect of shrinkage and load-induced cracking on water permeability of concret[J].ACI Materials Journal,1999,96(2):234-241.
[45]LAWLER J S,ZAMPINI D,SHAH S P.Permeability of cracked hybrid fiber reinforced mortar under load[J].ACI Materials Journal,2002,99(4):379-385.
[46]WANG K J,JANSEN D C,SHAH S P,et al.Permeability study of cracked concrete[J].Cement and Concrete Research,1997,27(3):387-393.
[47]ALDEA C M,SHAH S P,KARR A.Permeability of cracked concrete[J].Materials and Structures,1999,32(219):370-376.
[48]EDUARDSEN C.Chloride penetration into cracked concrete[C]//Pro-ceedings of the RILEM International Workshop on Chloride Penetra-tion into Concrete.St-Remy-les-Chevreuse,France,1995(10):243-249.
[49]CHARRON J P,DENARIE,BRHWILER E.Transport properties of water and glycol in an ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete(UHPFRC)under high tensile deformation[J].Cement and Concrete Re-search,2008(38):689-698.
[50]HALL C.Water sorptivity of mortars and concretes:a review[J].Maga-zine of Concrete Research,1989(41):51-61
[51]LACKINGTON D,PARLANGE J Y,DUX P.Sorptivity and the estimation of water penetration into unsaturated concrete[J].Materials and Struc-tures,1999(32):342-347.
[52]YANG Z,WEISS W J,OLEK J.Water transport in concrete camaged by tensile loading and freeze-thaw cycling[J].Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering,2006(18):424-434.
[53]BOULFIZA M,SAKAI K,BANTHIA N,et al.Prediction of chloride ions ingress in uncracked and cracked concrete[J].Aci Materials Journal,2003(100):38-54.
[54]YANG Z,WEISS J,OLEK J.Water absorption in partially saturated fracture concrete[C]//Workshop on Transport Mechanisms in Cracked Concrete.RILEM Week,Ghent,Belgium,2007:27-34.
[55]LOOSVELDT H,LAFHAJ Z,SKOCZYLAS F.Experimental study of gas and liquid permeability of a mortar[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2002(32):1357-1363.
[56]屈文俊,车惠民.裂缝对混凝土桥梁耐久性影响的评估[J].铁道学报,1997,19(4):90-98.
[57]覃维祖.混凝土性能对结构耐久性与安全性的影响[J].混凝土,2002(6):3-5.
[58]孙伟.荷载与环境因素耦合作用下结构混凝土的耐久性与服役寿命[J].东南大学学报:自然科学版,2006(52):7-4.
[59]GRANJU J L,BALOUCH S U.Corrosion of steel fibre reinforced concrete from cracks[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2005,35(3):572-577.
[60]SARIGAPHUTI M,SHAH S P,VIVSON K D.Shrinkage cracking and durability characteristics of cellulose fibre reinforced concrete[J].ACI Material Journal,1993,90(4):309-318.
[2]SERCOMBE J,VIDAL R,GALLC,et al.Experimental study of gas diffusion in cement paste[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2007(37):579-588.
[3]POURSAEE A,HANSSON C M.The influence of longitudinal cracks on the corrosion protection afforded reinforcing steel in high performance concrete[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2008(38):1098-1105.
[4]ARYA C,OFORI-DARKO F K.Influence of crack frequency on rein-forcement corrosion in concrete[J].Cement and Concrete Research,1996,26(3):345-353.
[5]SCHUTTER D.Quantification of influence of cracks in concrete struc-tures on carbonation and chloride penetration[J].Magazine of Concrete Research,1999,51(6):427-435.
[6]SAITO M,OHTA M,ISHIMORI H.Chloride permeability of concrete subjected to freeze-thaw damage[J].Cement and Concrete Composites,1994,16(4):233-239.
[7]AMMOUCHE A,BREYSSE D,HORNAIN H,et al.A new image analy-sis technique for the quantitative assessment of microcracks in cement-based materials[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2000(30):25-35.
[8]ISMAIL M,TOUMI A,FRANOIS R,et al.Transport properties of wa-ter and glycol in an ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete(UHPFRC)under high tensile deformation[J].Cement and Concrete Re-search,2008(38):689-698.
[9]SULLIVAN-GREEN L,HIME W,DOWDING C.Accelerated protocol for measurement of carbonation through a crack surface[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2007(37):916-923.
[10]SONG X F,WEI J F,HE T S H.A method to repair concrete leakage through cracks by synthesizing super-absorbent resin in situ[J].Con-struction and Building Materials,2009(23):386-391.
[11]王铁梦.建筑物的裂缝控制[M].上海:上海科技出版社,1987.
[12]侯宝隆,蒋之峰.混凝土的非破损检测[M].北京:地震出版社,1992.
[13]GRANGER S,PIJAUDIER C G,LOUKILI A,et al.Monitoring of cracking and healing in an ultra high performance cementitious mate-rial using the time reversal technique[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2009(39):296-302.
[14]YANG Z.Assessing cumulative damage in concrete and quantifying its influence on life cycle performance modeling[D].Dissertation,Purdue University,West Lafayette,IN,2004.
[15]SAMAHA H R,HOVER K C.Influence of microcracking on the mass transport properties of concrete[J].AC1Materials Journal,1992,89(4):416-424.
[16]CHERMANT J L.Why automatic image analysis?An introuduction to this issue[J].Cement and Concrete Composites,2001(23):127-131.
[17]耿飞,解建光,钱春香.图像分析技术对混凝土裂缝的定量评价[J].混凝土,2005(5):78-94.
[18]高小建,巴恒静.混凝土结构耐久性与裂缝控制中值得探讨的几个问题[J].混凝土,2001(11):12-13.
[19]水中和,万惠文,钟杰.离子传输与混凝土耐久性[J].国外建材科技,2003,24(3):1-3.
[20]万小梅,张芳如,赵铁军.混凝土的传质过程及其理论[J].海岸工程,2001,20(2):73-78.
[21]MUSTAFA S.Effect of flexure induced transverse crack and self-heal-ing on chloride diffusivity of reinforced mortar[J].J Mater Sci,2007(42):9131-9136.
[22]GRARD B,MARCGAND J.Influence of cracking on the diffusion properties of cement-based materials,Part I:Influence of continuous cracks on the steady-state regime[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2000(30):37-43.
[23]施惠生,王琼.混凝土中氯离子迁移的影响因素研究[J].建筑材料学报,2004,7(3):286-290.
[24]RODRIGUEZ O G.Influence of cracks on chloride ingress into con-crete[D].University of Toronto,2001.
[25]GOWRIPALAN N,SIRIVIVATNANON V,LIM C C.Chloride diffusivi-ty of concrete cracked in flexure[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2000,30(5):725-730.
[26]SAKAI K,SASAKI S.Ten year exposure test of precracked reinforced concrete in a marine environment[C]//Durability of Concrete.Third In-ternational Conference,Nice,France,ACI SP-145,Detroit,Michigan,1994:353-369.
[27]ALDEA C M,SHAH S P,KARR A.Effect of cracking on water and chloride permeability of concrete[J].Journal of Materials in Civil Engi-neering,1999,11(3):181-187.
[28]GOWRIPALAN N,SIRIVIVATNANON V,LIM C C.Chloride diffusivi-ty of concrete cracked in flexure[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2000(30):725-730.
[29]KONIN A,FRANCOIS R,ARLIGUIE G.Penetration of chlorides in re-lation to the micro-cracking state into reinforced ordinary and high strength concrete[J].Materials and Structures,1998,31(5):310-316.
[30]SAITO M,OHTA M,ISHIMORI H.Chloride permeability of concrete subjected to freeze-thaw damage[J].Cement and Concrete Composites,1994,16(4):233-239.
[31]JAFFER S J,HANSSON C M.The influence of cracks on chloride-in-duced corrosion of steel in ordinary Portland cement and high perfor-mance concretes subjected to different loading conditions[J].Corrosion Science,2008,50(12):3343-3355.
[32]OTSUKI N,MITAZATO S,DIOLA N B,et al.Influences of bending crack and water-cement ratio on chloride-induced corrosion of main reinforc-ing bars and stirmps[J].AC1Materials Journal,2000,97(4):454-464.
[33]QI C.Quantitative assessment of plastic shrinkage cracking and its im-pact on the corrosion of steel reinforcement[D].Purdue University,2003.
[34]ISMAIL M,TOUMI A,FRANIOIS R,et al.Effect of crack opening on the local diffusion of chloride in inert materials[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2004(34):711-716.
[35]JACOBSEN S,MARCHAND J,BOISVERT L.Effect of cracking and healing on chloride transport in OPC concrete[J].Cement and Concrete Research,1996,26(6):869-881.
[36]BASHEER L,KROPP J,CLELAND D J.Assessment of the durability of concrete from its permeation properties:a review[J].Construction and Building Materials,2001(15):93-103.
[37]陈儒睿.裂缝对钢筋混凝土桥梁结构耐久性的影响及预防[J].大视野,2008(7):115-116.
[38]陈向勇.带裂缝钢筋混凝土构件的耐久性寿命预测[J].福建建设科技,2004(1):8-9.
[39]吴建华,张亚梅,孙伟.混凝土碳化模型和试验方法综述及建议[J].混凝土与水泥制品,2008(6):1-7.
[40]CONCIATORI D,SADOUKI H,BRHWILER E.Capillary suction and diffusion model for chloride ingress into concrete[J].Cement and Con-crete Research,2008(38):1401-1408.
[41]SONG H W,KWON S J,BYUN K J.Predicting carbonation in early-aged cracked concrete[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2006(36):979-989.
[42]王新友,蒋正武,高相东,等.混凝土中水分迁移机理与模型研究评述[J].建筑材料学报,2002,5(1):66-71.
[43]SAMAHA H R,HOVER K C.Influence of microcracking on the mass transport properties of concrete[J].ACI Materials Journal,1992,89(4):416-424.
[44]HEARN N.Effect of shrinkage and load-induced cracking on water permeability of concret[J].ACI Materials Journal,1999,96(2):234-241.
[45]LAWLER J S,ZAMPINI D,SHAH S P.Permeability of cracked hybrid fiber reinforced mortar under load[J].ACI Materials Journal,2002,99(4):379-385.
[46]WANG K J,JANSEN D C,SHAH S P,et al.Permeability study of cracked concrete[J].Cement and Concrete Research,1997,27(3):387-393.
[47]ALDEA C M,SHAH S P,KARR A.Permeability of cracked concrete[J].Materials and Structures,1999,32(219):370-376.
[48]EDUARDSEN C.Chloride penetration into cracked concrete[C]//Pro-ceedings of the RILEM International Workshop on Chloride Penetra-tion into Concrete.St-Remy-les-Chevreuse,France,1995(10):243-249.
[49]CHARRON J P,DENARIE,BRHWILER E.Transport properties of water and glycol in an ultra high performance fiber reinforced concrete(UHPFRC)under high tensile deformation[J].Cement and Concrete Re-search,2008(38):689-698.
[50]HALL C.Water sorptivity of mortars and concretes:a review[J].Maga-zine of Concrete Research,1989(41):51-61
[51]LACKINGTON D,PARLANGE J Y,DUX P.Sorptivity and the estimation of water penetration into unsaturated concrete[J].Materials and Struc-tures,1999(32):342-347.
[52]YANG Z,WEISS W J,OLEK J.Water transport in concrete camaged by tensile loading and freeze-thaw cycling[J].Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering,2006(18):424-434.
[53]BOULFIZA M,SAKAI K,BANTHIA N,et al.Prediction of chloride ions ingress in uncracked and cracked concrete[J].Aci Materials Journal,2003(100):38-54.
[54]YANG Z,WEISS J,OLEK J.Water absorption in partially saturated fracture concrete[C]//Workshop on Transport Mechanisms in Cracked Concrete.RILEM Week,Ghent,Belgium,2007:27-34.
[55]LOOSVELDT H,LAFHAJ Z,SKOCZYLAS F.Experimental study of gas and liquid permeability of a mortar[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2002(32):1357-1363.
[56]屈文俊,车惠民.裂缝对混凝土桥梁耐久性影响的评估[J].铁道学报,1997,19(4):90-98.
[57]覃维祖.混凝土性能对结构耐久性与安全性的影响[J].混凝土,2002(6):3-5.
[58]孙伟.荷载与环境因素耦合作用下结构混凝土的耐久性与服役寿命[J].东南大学学报:自然科学版,2006(52):7-4.
[59]GRANJU J L,BALOUCH S U.Corrosion of steel fibre reinforced concrete from cracks[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2005,35(3):572-577.
[60]SARIGAPHUTI M,SHAH S P,VIVSON K D.Shrinkage cracking and durability characteristics of cellulose fibre reinforced concrete[J].ACI Material Journal,1993,90(4):309-318.
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