走滑式断层地震的折迭突变模型
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摘要
利用过势函数微分形式的途径,计入远场外力功的影响,对走滑式断层地震机制进行分析.研究表明:突变理论中折迭突变模型展示的性状,与走滑式断层地震的主要特征之间一一对应.折迭突变可对包括震前、震后围岩-断层系统稳定性描述在内的断层失稳起、终点位置、断层失稳错距等作出描述.给出3种性状可相互印证的断层失稳围岩弹性能释放量图解.走滑式断层地震强度与围岩压力及围岩断层的刚度比等有关,围岩压力大、刚度比小、主切应力轴与发震断层面夹角大,则地震强度大.
By using differential form of potential energy function,and taking the effect of work applied by external force in far field into account,the mechanism of strike-slip fault earthquake was analyzed.The researching indicates that,in catastrophe theory the characters displayed by fold catastrophe model correspond to the primary characteristics of strike-slip fault earthquake one by one.Fold catastrophe can describe the position of starting point and end point of fault failure,distance of fault dislocation etc,including the description about the stability of surrounding rock-fault system before and after the earthquake.Two different illustrations about ~elastic energy releasing amount of the surrounding rock with fault failure were shown,their primary characteristics can demonstrate each other.The intensity of strike-slip fault earthquake was related to the surrounding rock press,and to the stiffness ratio of surrounding rock and fault etc.The bigger the surrounding rock press was,the smaller stiffness ratio was.The bigger the included angle between the tangential stress axis to causative fault surface was,the bigger the earthquake intensity was.
By using differential form of potential energy function,and taking the effect of work applied by external force in far field into account,the mechanism of strike-slip fault earthquake was analyzed.The researching indicates that,in catastrophe theory the characters displayed by fold catastrophe model correspond to the primary characteristics of strike-slip fault earthquake one by one.Fold catastrophe can describe the position of starting point and end point of fault failure,distance of fault dislocation etc,including the description about the stability of surrounding rock-fault system before and after the earthquake.Two different illustrations about ~elastic energy releasing amount of the surrounding rock with fault failure were shown,their primary characteristics can demonstrate each other.The intensity of strike-slip fault earthquake was related to the surrounding rock press,and to the stiffness ratio of surrounding rock and fault etc.The bigger the surrounding rock press was,the smaller stiffness ratio was.The bigger the included angle between the tangential stress axis to causative fault surface was,the bigger the earthquake intensity was.
引文
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[2]Stuart W D.Strain softening instability model for the San Ferrando[J].Science,1979,203(6):907-910.
[3]Rice J R.New perspectives in crack and fault dynamics[C]//Aref H,Phillips J W.Mechan-ics for a New Millennium(Proceedings of the20th International Congress of Theoretical andApplied Mechanics,Chicago.27Aug～2Sept2000).Kluwer Academic Publishers,2001:1-23.
[4]Rice J R.Consitutive relation for fault slip and earthquake instability[J].Geophys,1983,83(3):443-475.
[5]Ben-Zion Y.Dynamic rupture in recent models of earthquake faults[J].J Mech Phys Solids,2001,49(6):2209-2244.
[6]Kanamori H,Brodsky E E.The physics of earthquakes[J].Reports on Progress in Physics,2004,(7):1429-1496.
[7]WEI Fu-shen,LI Ming.Cepstrum analysis of seismic source characteristics[J].Acta Seis-mologica Sinica,2003,16(1):50-58.
[8]WANG Run-qiu,JIA Xiao-feng,HU Tian-yue.The precise finite difference method for seismicmodeling[J].Applied Geophysics,2004,1(2):69-74.
[9]殷有泉,郑顾团.断层地震的尖角型突变模型[J].地球物理学报,1988,31(6):657-664.
[10]杨修信,殷有泉,康仲远,等.压扭性断层地震的Cusp型突变分析[J].中国科学,B辑,1994,24(6):656-663.
[11]Karcinovic D.Statistical aspects of the continuous damage theory[J].Int J Solids Struc-tures,1982,18(3):551-562.
[12]卡恰诺夫L M.塑性理论基础[M].周承侗译.北京:人民教育出版社,1982:147-148.
[13]郑雨天.岩石力学的弹塑粘性理论基础[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1988.
[14]凌复华.突变理论──历史、现状和展望[J],力学进展,1984,14(4):289-403.
[15]Cook N G W.The failure of rock[J].Int J Rock Mech Min Sci,1965,2(3):389-403.
[16]陈顒.地壳岩石的力学性能[M].北京:地震出版社,1988.
[2]Stuart W D.Strain softening instability model for the San Ferrando[J].Science,1979,203(6):907-910.
[3]Rice J R.New perspectives in crack and fault dynamics[C]//Aref H,Phillips J W.Mechan-ics for a New Millennium(Proceedings of the20th International Congress of Theoretical andApplied Mechanics,Chicago.27Aug～2Sept2000).Kluwer Academic Publishers,2001:1-23.
[4]Rice J R.Consitutive relation for fault slip and earthquake instability[J].Geophys,1983,83(3):443-475.
[5]Ben-Zion Y.Dynamic rupture in recent models of earthquake faults[J].J Mech Phys Solids,2001,49(6):2209-2244.
[6]Kanamori H,Brodsky E E.The physics of earthquakes[J].Reports on Progress in Physics,2004,(7):1429-1496.
[7]WEI Fu-shen,LI Ming.Cepstrum analysis of seismic source characteristics[J].Acta Seis-mologica Sinica,2003,16(1):50-58.
[8]WANG Run-qiu,JIA Xiao-feng,HU Tian-yue.The precise finite difference method for seismicmodeling[J].Applied Geophysics,2004,1(2):69-74.
[9]殷有泉,郑顾团.断层地震的尖角型突变模型[J].地球物理学报,1988,31(6):657-664.
[10]杨修信,殷有泉,康仲远,等.压扭性断层地震的Cusp型突变分析[J].中国科学,B辑,1994,24(6):656-663.
[11]Karcinovic D.Statistical aspects of the continuous damage theory[J].Int J Solids Struc-tures,1982,18(3):551-562.
[12]卡恰诺夫L M.塑性理论基础[M].周承侗译.北京:人民教育出版社,1982:147-148.
[13]郑雨天.岩石力学的弹塑粘性理论基础[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1988.
[14]凌复华.突变理论──历史、现状和展望[J],力学进展,1984,14(4):289-403.
[15]Cook N G W.The failure of rock[J].Int J Rock Mech Min Sci,1965,2(3):389-403.
[16]陈顒.地壳岩石的力学性能[M].北京:地震出版社,1988.
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