第四纪沉积区断层及其上断点探测的地震方法技术——以银川隐伏活动断层为例
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摘要
地震勘探方法是隐伏断层探测的一种有效的地球物理探测手段,而地震勘探的探测参数是影响探测效果和断层定位精度的主要因素.本文以银川市活断层探测的浅层地震勘探资料为例,并结合石油地震勘探剖面结果和钻孔地质资料,阐述了在第四纪覆盖层较厚的地区,由深至浅追踪目标断层形态和确定断层上断点空间位置的方法技术.结果表明,采用高分辨率地震勘探和钻孔地质剖面相结合的探测方法是确定隐伏断层位置、判定断层活动性的有效方法.
Seismic exploration is an effective geophysical method for buried fault survey.The spread geometries of seismic exploration are the main factors to affect the exploration results as well as the accuracy of fault location.In this paper,based on the shallow seismic exploration data obtained from active fault survey in Yinchuan city and also in combination with the oil seismic exploration profiles along with the drilling geological data,an upward fault tracing method was proposed to determine the geometry of the target fault and its up-breakpoint in thick Quaternary sediments.The result shows that the combination of high resolution shallow seismic exploration and drilling geological section is an effective way for locating the buried fault and determining its activity.
Seismic exploration is an effective geophysical method for buried fault survey.The spread geometries of seismic exploration are the main factors to affect the exploration results as well as the accuracy of fault location.In this paper,based on the shallow seismic exploration data obtained from active fault survey in Yinchuan city and also in combination with the oil seismic exploration profiles along with the drilling geological data,an upward fault tracing method was proposed to determine the geometry of the target fault and its up-breakpoint in thick Quaternary sediments.The result shows that the combination of high resolution shallow seismic exploration and drilling geological section is an effective way for locating the buried fault and determining its activity.
引文
1)长庆石油勘探局地球物理勘探公司,1987,银川地堑永宁—平罗地震勘探成果报告.
[1]邓起东,徐锡伟,张先康等.城市活动断裂探测的方法和技术.地学前缘,2003,10(1):93～101Deng Q D,Xu X W,Zhang X K,et al.Methods and techniques for surveying and prospecting active faults in urban areas.Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),2003,10(1):93～101
[2]方盛明,张先康,刘保金等.大城市活断层探测的地球物理方法.地震地质,2002,24(4):606～613Fang S M,Zhang X K,Liu B J,et al.Geophysical methodsof the exploration of active faults in urban areas.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),2002,24(4):606～613
[3]中国地震局.中国地震活动断层探测技术系统技术规程.北京:地震出版社,2005,3～42China Seismological Bureau.Stipulation on Technical System for China Earthquake Active Fault Surveying(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,2005,3～42
[4]常旭,程大祥,刘伊克等.伪随机可控源方法在近地表强噪声勘探中的应用.见:中国地球物理学会年刊(2005).长春:吉林大学出版社,2005,646Chang X,Cheng D X,Liu Y K,et al.Application of pseudorandomcontrollable seismic source in the exploration of near-surface with strong noise.In:Annual of Chinese Geophysical Society(2005)(in Chinese).Changchun:Jilin University Press,2005,646
[5]刘保金,张先康,方盛明等.城市活断层探测的高分辨率浅层地震数据采集技术.地震地质,2002,24(4):524～532Liu B J,Zhang X K,Fang S M,et al.High-resolution shallow seismic data acquisition technique for surveying of urban active faults.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),2002,24(4):524～531
[6]潘纪顺,刘保金,朱金芳等.城市活断层高分辨率地震勘探震源对比试验研究.地震地质,2002,24(4):533～541Pan J S,Liu B J,Zhu J F,et al.Comparative experiment on seismic sources in high-resolution seismic exploration for urban active faults.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),2002,24(4):533～541
[7]徐明才,高景华,刘建勋等.应用于城市活断层调查的地震方法技术.中国地震,2005,21(1):17～23Xu MC,Gao J H,Liu J X,et al.Application of the seismic method to detecting active faults in urban areas.Earthquake Research in China(in Chinese),2005,21(1):17～23
[8]何政勤,陈宇坤,叶太兰等.浅层地震勘探在沿海地区隐伏断层探测中的应用.地震地质,2007,29(2):363～371He Z Q,Chen Y K,Ye T L,et al.Application of shallow seismic exploration in detection of buried fault in coastal areas.Seismologyand Geological(in Chinese),2007,29(2):363～371
[9]杨晓平,郑荣章,张兰凤等.浅层地震勘探资料地质解释过程中值得重视的问题.地震地质,2007,29(2):281～293Yang X P,Zheng R Z,Zhang L F,et al.Some problems worth considering in the geological explanation of shallow seismic prospecting data.Seismology and Geological(in Chinese),2007,29(2):281～293
[10]王志才,邓起东,晁洪太等.山东半岛北部近海海域北西向蓬莱—威海断裂带的声波探测.地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1092～1101Wang Z C,Deng Q D,Chao H T,et al.Shallow-depth sonic reflection profiling studies on the active Penglai-Weihai fault zone offshore of the northern Shandong peninsula.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(4):1092～1101
[11]渥.伊尔马滋.黄绪德,袁明德译.地震数据处理.北京:石油工业出版社.1994Yil maz O.Translated by Huang X D,Yuan M D.Seismic Data Processing(in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1994
[12]国家地震局鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系课题组.鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系.北京:地震出版社,1988The Research Group of Active Fault System Around Ordos Massif,SSB.Active Fault System Around Ordos Massif(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1988
[13]孟广魁,王增光,廖玉华等.银川平原地震区划研究.银川:宁夏人民出版社,1994.5～26Meng G K,Wang Z G,Liao Y H,et al.Yinchuan Plain Earthquake Regionalization Research(in Chinese).Yinchuan:Ningxia Press,1994.5～26
[14]中国地震局.活断层探测方法.北京:地震出版社,2005.1～2China Seismological Bureau.Method for Surveying and Prospecting of Active Fault(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,2005.1～2
[1]邓起东,徐锡伟,张先康等.城市活动断裂探测的方法和技术.地学前缘,2003,10(1):93～101Deng Q D,Xu X W,Zhang X K,et al.Methods and techniques for surveying and prospecting active faults in urban areas.Earth Science Frontiers(in Chinese),2003,10(1):93～101
[2]方盛明,张先康,刘保金等.大城市活断层探测的地球物理方法.地震地质,2002,24(4):606～613Fang S M,Zhang X K,Liu B J,et al.Geophysical methodsof the exploration of active faults in urban areas.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),2002,24(4):606～613
[3]中国地震局.中国地震活动断层探测技术系统技术规程.北京:地震出版社,2005,3～42China Seismological Bureau.Stipulation on Technical System for China Earthquake Active Fault Surveying(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,2005,3～42
[4]常旭,程大祥,刘伊克等.伪随机可控源方法在近地表强噪声勘探中的应用.见:中国地球物理学会年刊(2005).长春:吉林大学出版社,2005,646Chang X,Cheng D X,Liu Y K,et al.Application of pseudorandomcontrollable seismic source in the exploration of near-surface with strong noise.In:Annual of Chinese Geophysical Society(2005)(in Chinese).Changchun:Jilin University Press,2005,646
[5]刘保金,张先康,方盛明等.城市活断层探测的高分辨率浅层地震数据采集技术.地震地质,2002,24(4):524～532Liu B J,Zhang X K,Fang S M,et al.High-resolution shallow seismic data acquisition technique for surveying of urban active faults.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),2002,24(4):524～531
[6]潘纪顺,刘保金,朱金芳等.城市活断层高分辨率地震勘探震源对比试验研究.地震地质,2002,24(4):533～541Pan J S,Liu B J,Zhu J F,et al.Comparative experiment on seismic sources in high-resolution seismic exploration for urban active faults.Seismology and Geology(in Chinese),2002,24(4):533～541
[7]徐明才,高景华,刘建勋等.应用于城市活断层调查的地震方法技术.中国地震,2005,21(1):17～23Xu MC,Gao J H,Liu J X,et al.Application of the seismic method to detecting active faults in urban areas.Earthquake Research in China(in Chinese),2005,21(1):17～23
[8]何政勤,陈宇坤,叶太兰等.浅层地震勘探在沿海地区隐伏断层探测中的应用.地震地质,2007,29(2):363～371He Z Q,Chen Y K,Ye T L,et al.Application of shallow seismic exploration in detection of buried fault in coastal areas.Seismologyand Geological(in Chinese),2007,29(2):363～371
[9]杨晓平,郑荣章,张兰凤等.浅层地震勘探资料地质解释过程中值得重视的问题.地震地质,2007,29(2):281～293Yang X P,Zheng R Z,Zhang L F,et al.Some problems worth considering in the geological explanation of shallow seismic prospecting data.Seismology and Geological(in Chinese),2007,29(2):281～293
[10]王志才,邓起东,晁洪太等.山东半岛北部近海海域北西向蓬莱—威海断裂带的声波探测.地球物理学报,2006,49(4):1092～1101Wang Z C,Deng Q D,Chao H T,et al.Shallow-depth sonic reflection profiling studies on the active Penglai-Weihai fault zone offshore of the northern Shandong peninsula.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2006,49(4):1092～1101
[11]渥.伊尔马滋.黄绪德,袁明德译.地震数据处理.北京:石油工业出版社.1994Yil maz O.Translated by Huang X D,Yuan M D.Seismic Data Processing(in Chinese).Beijing:Petroleum Industry Press,1994
[12]国家地震局鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系课题组.鄂尔多斯周缘活动断裂系.北京:地震出版社,1988The Research Group of Active Fault System Around Ordos Massif,SSB.Active Fault System Around Ordos Massif(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,1988
[13]孟广魁,王增光,廖玉华等.银川平原地震区划研究.银川:宁夏人民出版社,1994.5～26Meng G K,Wang Z G,Liao Y H,et al.Yinchuan Plain Earthquake Regionalization Research(in Chinese).Yinchuan:Ningxia Press,1994.5～26
[14]中国地震局.活断层探测方法.北京:地震出版社,2005.1～2China Seismological Bureau.Method for Surveying and Prospecting of Active Fault(in Chinese).Beijing:Seismological Press,2005.1～2
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