单轴压缩下花岗岩电磁信号的实验研究
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摘要
利用自主研制的电荷感应仪对花岗岩样品在单轴压缩变形破裂过程中产生的电荷感应信号和磁信号进行了实验研究。实验结果表明,在岩石变形破裂达到峰值强度时比在峰值强度前有更强的电荷感应信号产生,电荷感应信号也受岩石应力的变化速率影响,在应力变化速率大时,有较强的电荷感应信号。在有变形破裂时,电荷感应信号就较强,变形破裂较小的面所对应的测点的电荷感应信号就较小,这表明电荷的产生和岩石的破裂有很大的关系。电信号比磁信号多,在岩石变形破裂时不断有电信号产生,且有明显的变化,而磁信号的变化不明显。电信号相比磁信号受外界的干扰小,幅值大,说明用电荷感应的方法监测岩石的变形破裂前兆更有优势。
With the designed charge induction instrument,the charge induction signal and magnetic signal of the granite samples in deformation and fracture process were experimently studied under uniaxial compression.The results showed, the charge induction signal of the rock in the peak strength is stronger than that before the peak.The charge induction signal is influenced by the rate of stress in the rock.The charge induction signal is stronger when the stress rate is bigger.The charge induction signal is stronger during rock cracking.But the charge induction signal is lower in the part with small deformation and crack in the specimen.Our results suggested that the charge production is related to the rock fracture.The charge induction signal of the granite samples in deformation and fracture process is more than the magnetic signal.Changes are obvious in the charge induction signal but not in the magnetic signal.There is less interference in the charge induction signal than in magnetic signal.The results suggested that using charge induction to monitor the precursor of rock deformation and fracture is advantageous.
With the designed charge induction instrument,the charge induction signal and magnetic signal of the granite samples in deformation and fracture process were experimently studied under uniaxial compression.The results showed, the charge induction signal of the rock in the peak strength is stronger than that before the peak.The charge induction signal is influenced by the rate of stress in the rock.The charge induction signal is stronger when the stress rate is bigger.The charge induction signal is stronger during rock cracking.But the charge induction signal is lower in the part with small deformation and crack in the specimen.Our results suggested that the charge production is related to the rock fracture.The charge induction signal of the granite samples in deformation and fracture process is more than the magnetic signal.Changes are obvious in the charge induction signal but not in the magnetic signal.There is less interference in the charge induction signal than in magnetic signal.The results suggested that using charge induction to monitor the precursor of rock deformation and fracture is advantageous.
引文
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[15]郝锦绮,刘力强,等.双轴压力下岩样自电位变化实验的新结果[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(3):475-482.
[16]郝锦绮,钱书清,等.岩石破裂过程中的超低频电磁异常[J].地震学报,2003,25(1):102-111.
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[19]王恩元,何学秋.煤岩变形破裂电磁辐射的实验研究[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(1):131-137.
[20]王恩元,何学秋,等.煤矿采掘过程中煤岩体电磁辐射特征及应用[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(1):216-221.
[21]Brady B T,Rowell A.Laboratory investigation of theelectrodynamics of rockfracture[J].Nature,1986,321(29):488-492.
[22]Ogawa T,Oike K,Miura T.Electromagnetic radiation fromrock[J].J Geophys Res,1985,90:6245-6249.
[23]Yamada I,Masuda K,Mizutzni H.Electromagnetic andacoustic emission associated withrockfracture[J].Phy EarthPlanet Inter,1989,57:157-168
[2]Воларович М П и Пархоменко Э И.Пьезоэлект рическии эффект горных пород,ДАН СССР,1954,99(2):239.
[3]Воларович М П и Пархоменко Э И.Пьезоэлект-рическии эффект горных пород,Изв.Ан СССР,сер.геофиз.,1995(2):215-222.
[4]Шевцов Г Ии Мигунов Н И и др.Электризация по-левых штапов при дефформации и разрушении.ДАНСССР,1975,225(2):313-315.
[5]P.Ⅲ.基利凯耶夫,等.力载荷下的岩石电场[M].苏联地震预报研究文集,北京,地震出版社,1993:31-34.
[6]V.S.Kuksenko,Kh.F.Makhmudov.Mechanically-inducedelectrical effects in natural dielectrics[J].Tech.Phys.1997,23(2):126-127.
[7]V.S.Kuksenko,Kh.F.Makhmudov,A.V.Ponomarev.Relaxation of electric fields induced by mechanical loadinginnatural dielectrics[J].Phys.Solid State,1997,39(7):1065-1066.
[8]郭自强,周大庄,施行觉,等.岩石破裂中的电子发射[J].地球物理学报,1988,31(5):566-571.
[9]郭自强,刘斌.岩石破裂电磁辐射的频率特性[J].地球物理学报,1995,38(2):221-226.
[10]孙正江,王丽华,高宏.岩石标本破裂时的电磁辐射和光发射[J].地球物理学报,1986,29(5):491-495.
[11]王丽华,孙正江,陈化然.岩石样品破裂时带电现象的研究[A].八十年代中国地球物理学进展-纪念傅承义教授八十寿辰[C].北京:学术期刊出版社,1989:204-209.
[12]吴小平,施行觉,郭自强.花岗岩石压缩带电的实验研究[J].地球物理学报,1990,33(2):208-211.
[13]朱元清,罗祥麟,郭自强,等.岩石破裂时电磁辐射的机理研究[J].地球物理学报,1991,34(5):594-601.
[14]钱书清,吕智,任克新.地震电磁辐射前兆不同步现象物理机制的实验研究[J].地震学报,1998,20(5):535-540.
[15]郝锦绮,刘力强,等.双轴压力下岩样自电位变化实验的新结果[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(3):475-482.
[16]郝锦绮,钱书清,等.岩石破裂过程中的超低频电磁异常[J].地震学报,2003,25(1):102-111.
[17]何学秋,刘明举.含瓦斯煤岩破坏电磁动力学[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,1995.
[18]何学秋,王恩元,等.煤岩流变电磁动力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[19]王恩元,何学秋.煤岩变形破裂电磁辐射的实验研究[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(1):131-137.
[20]王恩元,何学秋,等.煤矿采掘过程中煤岩体电磁辐射特征及应用[J].地球物理学报,2005,48(1):216-221.
[21]Brady B T,Rowell A.Laboratory investigation of theelectrodynamics of rockfracture[J].Nature,1986,321(29):488-492.
[22]Ogawa T,Oike K,Miura T.Electromagnetic radiation fromrock[J].J Geophys Res,1985,90:6245-6249.
[23]Yamada I,Masuda K,Mizutzni H.Electromagnetic andacoustic emission associated withrockfracture[J].Phy EarthPlanet Inter,1989,57:157-168
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