北京市民众地震灾害认知特点的初步分析
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摘要
借助问卷调查的方法,对北京市民众的地震灾害认知水平进行了初步调查分析。结果表明,目前北京民众对于地震灾害知识的掌握水平非常有限,部分民众辨识地震谣言的能力不足;在防震减灾技能方面,民众的掌握程度相对较好,基本上都能够正确认识和掌握紧急避震的注意事项及震后的救人技巧等;北京民众整体的防震减灾意识较强,都希望多了解掌握一些防震减灾知识和技能,且绝大部分民众都能认识到邻里、社区或单位的自救互救在应急救灾方面的重要性。北京民众对地震灾害知识的认知水平具有群体差异性,男性整体认知水平要稍好于女性;受教育程度、年龄均对民众的认知水平有着显著的正影响。除继续加强传统传媒渠道对防震减灾知识和技能的宣传外,加强学校正规教育中的灾害教育渗透和通过互联网及手机等现代通信方式进行宣传教育也应得到进一步的重视。
This paper analyzes the features of public earthquake disaster cognition by the methods of questionnaire survey in Beijing. The results show that at present,the public cognitive ability of earthquake disaster in the studied area is not ideal and part of the populace could not effectively identify earthquake rumors in Beijing. However,most of the public could accurately master the knowledge and skills of the emergency evacuation in and recue after an earthquake in Beijing. Public awareness of protection against and mitigation of earthquake disasters are continually enhanced. The public hope to master more knowledge of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction. Moreover,most of public could realize the importance of self-aid and mutual aid among neighbors,communities and departments. The public features of earthquake disaster cognition show an obvious group difference in Beijing.the cognitive level of female is inferior to that of the male in Beijing,and public cognitive level shows a gradually increased tendency with age. The public education levels have significant effect on their cognitive levels. The more the knowledge gained by the populace,the higher the cognitive levels are. Furthermore,the public education level might be the basic influencing factor. Except for strengthening the publicity of the knowledge and skills of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction by traditional electronic media,the school education and modern communication,such as internet,cell phone,are also the effective publicity ways,to which more attention should be paid. In addition,due to the limited conditions,there are still rooms to improve in this study,in which the sampling method is the main one. Compared to the probability sampling,the sample representation of non-probability sampling used in this paper might be insufficient,which might inevitably have some effects on the results of this study.
This paper analyzes the features of public earthquake disaster cognition by the methods of questionnaire survey in Beijing. The results show that at present,the public cognitive ability of earthquake disaster in the studied area is not ideal and part of the populace could not effectively identify earthquake rumors in Beijing. However,most of the public could accurately master the knowledge and skills of the emergency evacuation in and recue after an earthquake in Beijing. Public awareness of protection against and mitigation of earthquake disasters are continually enhanced. The public hope to master more knowledge of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction. Moreover,most of public could realize the importance of self-aid and mutual aid among neighbors,communities and departments. The public features of earthquake disaster cognition show an obvious group difference in Beijing.the cognitive level of female is inferior to that of the male in Beijing,and public cognitive level shows a gradually increased tendency with age. The public education levels have significant effect on their cognitive levels. The more the knowledge gained by the populace,the higher the cognitive levels are. Furthermore,the public education level might be the basic influencing factor. Except for strengthening the publicity of the knowledge and skills of earthquake prevention and disaster reduction by traditional electronic media,the school education and modern communication,such as internet,cell phone,are also the effective publicity ways,to which more attention should be paid. In addition,due to the limited conditions,there are still rooms to improve in this study,in which the sampling method is the main one. Compared to the probability sampling,the sample representation of non-probability sampling used in this paper might be insufficient,which might inevitably have some effects on the results of this study.
引文
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徐春迪,周旗,郁耀闯.2010.普通公众对汶川8.0级地震灾害认知与响应测评研究:以陕西南郑为例[J].地震研究,33(3):336—343.XU Chun-di,ZHOU Qi,YU Yao-chuang.2010.Research on the public perception and responses to the disaster of theMS8.0Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area:A case study in Nanzheng in southern Shaanxi[J].Journal of Seis-mological Research,33(3):336—343(in Chinese).
郁耀闯,周旗,王长燕.2010.普通民众认知与响应汶川MS8.0地震特征分析:以陕西勉县为例[J].地震地质,32(2):269—281.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2010.02.010.YU Yao-chuang,ZHOU Qi,WANG Chang-yan.2010.Analysis to the characteristics of cognition and response of thepublic to Wenchuan MS8.0earthquake disaster:A case study from Mianxian County,Shaanxi Province[J].Seis-mology and Geology,32(2):269—281(in Chinese).
岳丽霞,欧国强.2005.居民山地灾害意识水平比较研究[J].灾害学,20(3):117—120.YUE Li-xia,OU Guo-qiang.2005.A study on resident's awareness of mountain hazards[J].Journal of Catastrophology,20(3):117—120(in Chinese).
周旗,郁耀闯.2008.山区乡村居民的自然灾害感知研究:以陕西省太白县咀头镇上白云村为例[J].山地学报,26(5):571—576.ZHOU Qi,YU Yao-chuang.2008.Study on the natural disaster perception of villagers in a mountainous area:Take Shang-baiyun village,Taibai County,as an example[J].Journal of Mountain Science,26(5):571—576(in Chinese).
周旗,郁耀闯.2009.乡村与城市社区居民灾害感知比较研究[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),39(1):149—154.ZHOU Qi,YU Yao-chuang.2009.Analysis on the disasters perception of village residents[J].Journal of Northwest U-niversity(Natural Science Edition),39(1):149—154(in Chinese).
IPCC.2007.Summary for policymakers[R].In:Climate change2007:The physical science basis.Contribution ofWorking Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,Paris.
Peacock W G,Brody S D,Highfield W.2005.Hurricane risk perceptions among Florida's single family homeowners[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,73:120—135.
Riad J K,Norris F H,Ruback R B.1999.Predicting evacuation in two major disasters:Risk perception,social influ-ence,and access to resources[J].Journal of Applied Social Psychology,29(5):918—934.
UN-ISDR.2005.Hyogo framework for action2005-2015:Building the resilience of nations and communities to disas-ters(HFA)[EB/OL].http:∥www.unisdr.org/eng/hfa/hfa.htm.
李景宜.2005.公众风险感知评价:以高校在校生为例[J].自然灾害学报,14(6):153—156.LI Jing-yi.2005.Evaluation on public risk perception:A case study on college students[J].Journal of Natural Disas-ters,14(6):153—156(in Chinese).
李景宜,周旗,严瑞.2002.国民灾害感知能力测评指标体系研究[J].自然灾害学报,11(4):129—134.LI Jing-yi,ZHOU Qi,YAN Rui.2002.Study on index system for assessment of populace's ability in calamity perception[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,11(4):129—134(in Chinese).
马宗晋,杜品仁,高祥林.2008.地震知识问答[M].北京:科学出版社.MA Zong-jin,DU Pin-ren,GAO Xiang-lin.2008.Earthquake Knowledge Interlocution[M].Science Press,Beijing(inChinese).
苏桂武,马宗晋,王若嘉,等.2008.汶川地震灾区民众认知与响应地震灾害的特点及其减灾宣教意义:以四川省德阳市为例[J].地震地质,30(4):877—894.SU Gui-wu,MA Zong-jin,WANG Ruo-jia,et al.2008.General features and their disaster-reduction education implica-tions of the earthquake disaster cognition and responses of the social public in MS8.0Wenchuan earthquake-hitarea:A case study from Deyang prefecture-level city,Sichuan Province[J].Seismology and Geology,30(4):877—894(in Chinese).
苏筠,刘南江,林晓梅.2009.社会减灾能力信任及水灾风险感知的区域对比:基于江西九江和宜春公众的调查[J].长江流域资源与环境,18(1):92—96.SU Yun,LIU Nan-jiang,LIN Xiao-mei.2009.Regional comparison of the trust in social disaster reduction ability andpublic perception of flood risk based on the survey and analysis to the public of Jiujiang and Yichun,Jiangxi Prov-ince[J].Resources and Environment in the Yangtze Basin,18(1):92—96(in Chinese).
苏筠,张美华,高立龙,等.2008.防洪工程信任对公众水灾风险认知的影响初探:基于长江流域部分地区问卷调查的分析[J].自然灾害学报,17(1):75—80.SU Yun,ZHANG Mei-hua,GAO Li-long,et al.2008.Impact of trust in flood prevention projects on public risk percep-tion:An analysis based on questionnaire in Yangtze River Basin[M].Journal of Natural Disasters,17(1):75—80(in Chinese).
王若嘉,苏桂武,张书维,等.2009.云南普洱地区中学生认知与响应地震灾害特点的初步研究:以2007年宁洱6.4级地震灾害为例[J].灾害学,24(1):133—138.WANG Ruo-jia,SU Gui-wu,ZHANG Shu-wei,et al.2009.A preliminary study on the characteristics of cognition on andresponse to earthquake disaster of the middle school students in Puer area,Yunnan Province,China:A case studyon the2007Ninger earthquake of MS6.4[J].Journal of Catastrophology,24(1):133—138(in Chinese).
谢晓非,徐联仓.1995.风险认知研究概况及理论框架[J].心理学动态,3(2):17—22.XIE Xiao-fei,XU Lian-cang.1995.Risk cognitive research:A review and theoretical framework[J].Journal of Devel-opments in Psychology,3(2):17—22(in Chinese).
谢晓非,徐联仓.1998.一般社会情境中风险认知的实验研究[J].心理科学,21(4):315—318.XIE Xiao-fei,XU Lian-cang.1998.Risk perception in general social situation[J].Psychological Science,21(4):315—318(in Chinese).
徐春迪,周旗,郁耀闯.2010.普通公众对汶川8.0级地震灾害认知与响应测评研究:以陕西南郑为例[J].地震研究,33(3):336—343.XU Chun-di,ZHOU Qi,YU Yao-chuang.2010.Research on the public perception and responses to the disaster of theMS8.0Wenchuan earthquake-stricken area:A case study in Nanzheng in southern Shaanxi[J].Journal of Seis-mological Research,33(3):336—343(in Chinese).
郁耀闯,周旗,王长燕.2010.普通民众认知与响应汶川MS8.0地震特征分析:以陕西勉县为例[J].地震地质,32(2):269—281.doi:10.3969/j.issn.0253-4967.2010.02.010.YU Yao-chuang,ZHOU Qi,WANG Chang-yan.2010.Analysis to the characteristics of cognition and response of thepublic to Wenchuan MS8.0earthquake disaster:A case study from Mianxian County,Shaanxi Province[J].Seis-mology and Geology,32(2):269—281(in Chinese).
岳丽霞,欧国强.2005.居民山地灾害意识水平比较研究[J].灾害学,20(3):117—120.YUE Li-xia,OU Guo-qiang.2005.A study on resident's awareness of mountain hazards[J].Journal of Catastrophology,20(3):117—120(in Chinese).
周旗,郁耀闯.2008.山区乡村居民的自然灾害感知研究:以陕西省太白县咀头镇上白云村为例[J].山地学报,26(5):571—576.ZHOU Qi,YU Yao-chuang.2008.Study on the natural disaster perception of villagers in a mountainous area:Take Shang-baiyun village,Taibai County,as an example[J].Journal of Mountain Science,26(5):571—576(in Chinese).
周旗,郁耀闯.2009.乡村与城市社区居民灾害感知比较研究[J].西北大学学报(自然科学版),39(1):149—154.ZHOU Qi,YU Yao-chuang.2009.Analysis on the disasters perception of village residents[J].Journal of Northwest U-niversity(Natural Science Edition),39(1):149—154(in Chinese).
IPCC.2007.Summary for policymakers[R].In:Climate change2007:The physical science basis.Contribution ofWorking Group I to the Fourth Assessment Report of the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change,Paris.
Peacock W G,Brody S D,Highfield W.2005.Hurricane risk perceptions among Florida's single family homeowners[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,73:120—135.
Riad J K,Norris F H,Ruback R B.1999.Predicting evacuation in two major disasters:Risk perception,social influ-ence,and access to resources[J].Journal of Applied Social Psychology,29(5):918—934.
UN-ISDR.2005.Hyogo framework for action2005-2015:Building the resilience of nations and communities to disas-ters(HFA)[EB/OL].http:∥www.unisdr.org/eng/hfa/hfa.htm.
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