城镇防灾避难场所规划研究
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摘要
城镇防灾避难场所是城镇灾后应急避难、救援、恢复重建的重要组成部分,也是城镇平时功能的主要构成部分。首先按照应对灾害的主要类型,将避难场所分为气象型避难场所和地质型避难场所,相对应的为建筑型避难场所与场地型避难场所。继而与城市规划中的用地性质相关联,从防灾避难的角度将城镇用地划分为"靶区""防灾避难据点"与"防灾避难通道"。总结城镇防灾避难空间结构的组成要素、组构原则与组成方式,并以三种模式进行模型化构建。进而概括了城镇防灾避难场所的规划要点、规划内容与技术路线,并以深圳防灾避难场所规划加以佐证。得出了结论:防灾避难场所是城镇整体空间不可分割的一部分;城镇防灾避难空间规划应从城镇整体空间结构出发,合理规划防灾避难场所与防灾避难通道,优化用地功能与规模,提升城镇整体的防灾避难能力。
Urban disaster shelter is a key component of a series of disaster mitigation process,which includes urgent escape,rescuing,mitigation and reconstruction.The thesis first classified the disasters into two kinds.Accordingly the shelters can be divided into two kinds,meteorological shelter and geological shelter which meets to the two kinds of disasters.Then the land use of the shelters can cater to the land use in urban planning.That is to say,the structure of urban disaster shelter is linked with the urban structure.From this aspect,the components of urban structure are target region,shelter spot,and evacuation passage.Third,the paper makes a summary on what is the disaster mitigation structure,what it is based on,and how to conform.At last,it concludes the content,the point,and the way of urban disaster shelter.However,an example,Urban Disaster Shelter Planning in Shenzhen,can be seen as a proof of the study.
Urban disaster shelter is a key component of a series of disaster mitigation process,which includes urgent escape,rescuing,mitigation and reconstruction.The thesis first classified the disasters into two kinds.Accordingly the shelters can be divided into two kinds,meteorological shelter and geological shelter which meets to the two kinds of disasters.Then the land use of the shelters can cater to the land use in urban planning.That is to say,the structure of urban disaster shelter is linked with the urban structure.From this aspect,the components of urban structure are target region,shelter spot,and evacuation passage.Third,the paper makes a summary on what is the disaster mitigation structure,what it is based on,and how to conform.At last,it concludes the content,the point,and the way of urban disaster shelter.However,an example,Urban Disaster Shelter Planning in Shenzhen,can be seen as a proof of the study.
引文
[1]苏幼坡,刘瑞兴.城市地震避难所的规划原则与要点[J].灾害学,2004,19(1):87-91.
[2]吕元.城市防灾空间系统规划策略研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2004.
[3]张翰卿.安全城市城市规划研究[D].上海:同济大学,2008.
[4]朱喜钢.城市空间集中与分散论[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[5]李健,城市空间结构——理论方法与实证[M].北京:方志出版社,2007.
[2]吕元.城市防灾空间系统规划策略研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2004.
[3]张翰卿.安全城市城市规划研究[D].上海:同济大学,2008.
[4]朱喜钢.城市空间集中与分散论[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.
[5]李健,城市空间结构——理论方法与实证[M].北京:方志出版社,2007.
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