采空区地表沉降影响因素研究
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摘要
采空区地表沉降影响因素众多,以有限元软件ANSYS为基础,利用数值模拟方法的灵活性,分别对各主要影响因素进行分析。选用适合于岩土类材料的德鲁克-普拉格本构模型,利用ANSYS特有的"杀死单元"命令模拟矿体被采出,再通过"激活单元"命令模拟采空区被填充。分别研究了开采深度、开采厚度、地形条件、采空区填充等因素对地表沉降的影响。结果表明:随开采深度的增加,地表变形随之降低;随开采厚度的增加,地表变形增长较快;随着地形坡度的变化,采空区地表移动盆地逐渐向地势较低方向移动;矿体开采后及时充填,对控制地表变形效果显著。
There are many factors to influence on the ground settlement in mined-out area.Based on the finite element software ANSYS,making use of the flexibility of numerical simulation method,the main factors are analyzed respectively.The Druker-Prager model is chosen,which is suitable to simulate the materials of rock and soil.'Kill Element' command is used to simulate the situation of exploiting,and then the command of 'Activate Element' in ANSYS is used to simulate that the mined-out area is filled.The influence of each factor in the ground settlement over mined-out area is studied respectively such as depth,thickness of the mined-out area,the topographic condition and the filling of the mined-out area.The result shows that the ground settlement decreases with the increase of the mining depth,the ground settlement increases obviously with the increase of mining thickness,the basin movement will move to the lower direction with the change of topographty,and it will reduce the ground settlement evidently to fill the mined-out area in time after mining.
There are many factors to influence on the ground settlement in mined-out area.Based on the finite element software ANSYS,making use of the flexibility of numerical simulation method,the main factors are analyzed respectively.The Druker-Prager model is chosen,which is suitable to simulate the materials of rock and soil.'Kill Element' command is used to simulate the situation of exploiting,and then the command of 'Activate Element' in ANSYS is used to simulate that the mined-out area is filled.The influence of each factor in the ground settlement over mined-out area is studied respectively such as depth,thickness of the mined-out area,the topographic condition and the filling of the mined-out area.The result shows that the ground settlement decreases with the increase of the mining depth,the ground settlement increases obviously with the increase of mining thickness,the basin movement will move to the lower direction with the change of topographty,and it will reduce the ground settlement evidently to fill the mined-out area in time after mining.
引文
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[2]纪万斌.塌陷与灾害[M].北京:地震出版社,1998.JI Wan-bin.Subsidence and disaster[M].Beijing:Seis-mological Publishing House,1998.
[3]纪万斌.塌陷与治理[M].北京:地震出版社,1998.JI Wan-bin.Subsidence and treatment[M].Beijing:Seismological Publishing House,1998.
[4]刘宝琛,廖国华.煤矿地表移动的基本规律[M].北京:中国工业出版社,1965.LIU Bao-chen,LIAO Guo-hua.Ground settlement ruleover mined-out area[M].Beijing:China IndustryPress,1965.
[5]何国清,杨伦.矿山开采沉陷学[M].北京:中国矿业大学出版社,1991.HE Guo-qing,YANG Lun.Subsidence of mined-outarea[M].Beijing:China University of Mining andTechnology Press,1991.
[6]戴华阳.地表移动预计的新设想——采空区矢量法[J].矿山测量,1995(4):30-34.DAI Hua-yang.New idea on ground settlement predic-tion—vector method[J].Mine Survey,1995(4):30-34.
[7]傅鹤林.用模糊数学方法综合评价采场稳定性[J].有色矿山,1994(1):53-57.FU He-lin.Evaluation of mined-out area stability usingfussy math[J].Nonferrus Mines,1994(1):53-57.
[8]郝文化.ANSYS土木工程应用实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005.HAO Wen-hua.Application examples of ANSYS incivil engineering[M].Beijing:China Water PowerPress,2005.
[9]李权.ANSYS在土木工程中的应用[M].北京:人民邮电出版社,2005.LI Quan.Application of ANSYS in civil engineering[M].Beijing:Posts&Telecom Press,2005.
[10]张学言,闫澍旺.岩土塑性力学基础[M].天津:天津大学出版社,2004.ZHANG Xue-yan,YAN Shu-wang.Fundanmentalsof geotechnics plasticity[M].Tianjin:Tianjin Univer-sity Press,2004.
[11]杨化超,邓喀中,杨国东,等.矿山条带开采相似材料模型变形测量[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2007,37(1):190-194.YANG Hua-chao,DENG Ka-zhong,YANG Guo-dong,et al.Deformation measurement of similar mate-rial model of mine strip exploitation[J].Journal of Ji-lin University:Earth Science Edition,2007,37(1):190-194.
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