泥质软岩蠕变机制研究
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摘要
在分析已有岩石蠕变机制研究成果的基础上,以南宁盆地泥岩为研究对象,进行一系列单轴压缩无侧限蠕变试验和有侧限蠕变试验来分析泥岩的蠕变特性,配合扫描电镜,着重分析泥岩蠕变过程中细观和微观结构的变化并提出岩石的蠕变机制,即岩石的蠕变是岩石损伤效应与硬化效应共同作用的结果。通过构建蠕变、损伤及硬化综合曲线说明蠕变3个阶段的形成机制:第一阶段硬化效应强于损伤效应,蠕变规律主要服从于硬化效应的衰减变化规律;第二阶段损伤效应强于硬化效应,蠕变规律主要服从于损伤效应的等速变化规律;第三加速蠕变阶段的硬化效应已不显现,蠕变规律服从损伤效应的加速变化规律。泥质软岩的蠕变机制与金属材料蠕变机制在蠕变参与对象及机制方面不同。
Based on the analysis of existing research results of rock creep mechanism,the mudstone in Nanning Basin is taken as the mainly research object;and its creep property is deeply discussed by a series of tests under unconfined uniaxial compression and confined uniaxial compression.Especially,the creep changes of meso-and micro-structure are researched combining with scanning electron microscope(SEM) images of mudstone.It's indicated that the creep mechanism of the argillaceous soft rock is the result of the interaction between the damage effect and hardening effect.It is reasonable to explain and illustrate the mechanism of three creep phases by using the comprehensive curves,which include the creep curve,the damage effect curve and the hardening effect curve:at the first stage,hardening effect is much stronger than the damage effect and the creep mainly obeys the decay law of hardening effect at this stage;at the second stage,the damage effect is stronger than the hardening effect,and the creep mainly obeys the constant-rate law of the damage effect at this stage;at the third stage,the hardening effect disappears and the creep obeys the acceleration law of the damage effect.The creep mechanisms of the argillaceous soft rock and the metal materials are different in terms of magnitude of objects and the mechanism.
Based on the analysis of existing research results of rock creep mechanism,the mudstone in Nanning Basin is taken as the mainly research object;and its creep property is deeply discussed by a series of tests under unconfined uniaxial compression and confined uniaxial compression.Especially,the creep changes of meso-and micro-structure are researched combining with scanning electron microscope(SEM) images of mudstone.It's indicated that the creep mechanism of the argillaceous soft rock is the result of the interaction between the damage effect and hardening effect.It is reasonable to explain and illustrate the mechanism of three creep phases by using the comprehensive curves,which include the creep curve,the damage effect curve and the hardening effect curve:at the first stage,hardening effect is much stronger than the damage effect and the creep mainly obeys the decay law of hardening effect at this stage;at the second stage,the damage effect is stronger than the hardening effect,and the creep mainly obeys the constant-rate law of the damage effect at this stage;at the third stage,the hardening effect disappears and the creep obeys the acceleration law of the damage effect.The creep mechanisms of the argillaceous soft rock and the metal materials are different in terms of magnitude of objects and the mechanism.
引文
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[15]任建喜,葛修润,杨更社.单轴压缩岩石损伤扩展细观机制CT实时试验[J].岩土力学,2001,22(2):130-133.(REN Jianxi,GE Xiurun,YANG Gengshe.CT Real-time testing on damage propagation microscopic mechanism of rock under uniaxial compression[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2001,22(2):130-133.(in Chinese))
[2]GRIGGS D T.Creep of rocks[J].Journal of Geology,1939,47:225-251.
[3]SCHOLZ C H.Experimental study of the fracturing process in brittle rock[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1968,73(2):1447-1454.
[4]LANGER M.Rheological behavior of rock masses[C]//Proceedings of the4th International Congress on Rock Mechanics.[S.l.]:[s.n.],1979:29-62.
[5]刘雄.岩石流变学概论[M].北京:地质出版社,1994.(LIU Xiong.An introduction to rock rheology[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1994.(in Chinese))
[6]王子潮,王绳祖.中下地壳温度压力条件下岩石半脆性蠕变的试验研究[J].地震地质,1990,12(4):335-342.(WANG Zichao,WANG Shengzu.Experimental study of semi-brittle behavior of rocks at temperature and pressure corresponding to middle-lower crust[J].Seismology and Geology,1990,12(4):335-342.(in Chinese))
[7]谷耀君.黄河小浪底细砂岩单轴压缩蠕变性质的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1986,5(4):343-358.(GU Yaojun.A study of creep properties of Xiaolangdi fine sandstone under uniaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1986,5(4):343-358.(in Chinese))
[8]范秋雁,朱维申.软岩最优支护计算方法[J].岩土工程学报,1997,19(2):77-82.(FAN Qiuyan,ZHU Weishen.Method of calculating optimum support for soft rock[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1997,19(2):77-82.(in Chinese))
[9]陈有亮,孙钧.岩石的蠕变断裂特性分析[J].同济大学学报,1996,24(5):504-508.(CHEN Youliang,SUN Jun.Characters ofrheological fracture of rock[J].Journal of Tongji University,1996,24(5):504-508.(in Chinese))
[10]任建喜,葛修润.岩石蠕变损伤扩展机制细观分析初探[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(增1):871-874.(REN Jianxi,GE Xiurun.Primary study of meso-law of creep damage propagation of rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(Supp.1):871-874.(in Chinese))
[11]侯公羽.岩石蠕变变形的混沌特性研究[J].岩土力学,2009,30(7):1909-1914.(HOU Gongyu.Study of chaotic characteristics of rock creep[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2009,30(7):1909-1914.(in Chinese))
[12]高延法,范庆忠,崔希海,等.岩石流变及其扰动效应试验研究[M].北京:科学出版社,2007.(GAO Yanfa,FAN Qingzhong,CUI Xihai,et al.Experimental study of the perturbation effect of rock rheology[M].Beijing:Science Press,2007.(in Chinese))
[13]范庆忠,高延法.软岩蠕变特性及非线性模型研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(2):391-396.(FAN Qingzhong,GAO Yanfa.Study of creep properties and nonlinear creep model of soft rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(2):391-396.(in Chinese))
[14]章根德,何鲜,朱维耀.岩石介质流变学[M].北京:科学出版社,1999:1-378.(ZHANG Gende,HE Xian,ZHU Weiyao.Rheology of rock media materials[M].Beijing:Science Press,1999:1-378.(in Chinese))
[15]任建喜,葛修润,杨更社.单轴压缩岩石损伤扩展细观机制CT实时试验[J].岩土力学,2001,22(2):130-133.(REN Jianxi,GE Xiurun,YANG Gengshe.CT Real-time testing on damage propagation microscopic mechanism of rock under uniaxial compression[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2001,22(2):130-133.(in Chinese))
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