基于自稳时变结构的岩爆动力源分析
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摘要
将时变结构力学理论应用于岩爆发生机制的研究,以一个新的角度对岩爆动力源进行分析。地下洞室的围岩存在具有承载能力的自稳结构,首次提出了"自稳时变结构"的概念,定性地分析了临近开挖洞室的围岩自稳时变结构的特点。应用质点系动量定理,分析了围岩自稳时变结构的动力学响应。围岩自稳时变结构的质量随时间发生变化时,系统会出现负阻尼的情况,会形成动力不稳定系统而诱发岩爆。建立了围岩自稳时变结构诱发岩爆的力学模型,由力学模型可得出岩爆发生的两个条件:①围岩承受的切向应力σθ应使岩石产生扩容;②围岩自稳时变结构的质量减少。研究表明:岩爆的发生机制可通过围岩自稳时变结构理论得到很好的解释。
The time-varying structure theory is applied to the researches on the mechanism of rockburst, the energy source of which is analyzed from a new angle. There are self-sustaining bearing structures in the surrounding rock of underground cavern. Furthermore, the concept of self-sustaining time-varying structure is put forward firstly, and the characteristics of the self-sustaining time-varying structures near the underground cavern are analyzed qualitatively. Applying the particle system momentum theorem, the dynamic response of the self-sustaining time-varying structures is calculated. The results indicate that the change of structural mass with time can supply negative damping which can cause dynamic instability and thus induce rockburst. A mechanical model is established to explain how the self-sustaining time-varying structures induce rockburst, if satisfying the two conditions: one is rock dilatancy under tangential stress σθ in the surrounding rock, the other is mass decrease of the self-sustaining time-varying structures. The researches indicate that the mechanism of the rockburst happening in underground engineering can be interpreted well by the time-varying structure theory.
The time-varying structure theory is applied to the researches on the mechanism of rockburst, the energy source of which is analyzed from a new angle. There are self-sustaining bearing structures in the surrounding rock of underground cavern. Furthermore, the concept of self-sustaining time-varying structure is put forward firstly, and the characteristics of the self-sustaining time-varying structures near the underground cavern are analyzed qualitatively. Applying the particle system momentum theorem, the dynamic response of the self-sustaining time-varying structures is calculated. The results indicate that the change of structural mass with time can supply negative damping which can cause dynamic instability and thus induce rockburst. A mechanical model is established to explain how the self-sustaining time-varying structures induce rockburst, if satisfying the two conditions: one is rock dilatancy under tangential stress σθ in the surrounding rock, the other is mass decrease of the self-sustaining time-varying structures. The researches indicate that the mechanism of the rockburst happening in underground engineering can be interpreted well by the time-varying structure theory.
引文
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[9]管昌生.随机时变结构动力可靠度分析的Markov模型[J].武汉工业大学学报,2000,22(2):48–50.(GUAN Chang-sheng.Markov model on analysis of random time dependent structural dynamic reliability[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2000,22(2):48–50.(in Chinese))
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[11]张志强,关宝树,翁汉民.岩爆发生条件的基本分析[J].铁道学报,1998,20(4):82–85.(ZHANG Zhi-qiang,GUAN Bao-shu,WEN Han-ming.Basic analysis of rock bursting occurrence condition[J].Journal of China Railway Society,1998,20(4):82–85.(in Chinese))
[12]HE M C.Rock mechanics and hazard control in deep mining engineering in China[C]//Proceedings of the4th Asian Rock Mechanics Symposium.Singapore:World Scientific Publishing Co.,Ltd.,2006:29–46.
[13]王光远.论时变结构力学[J].土木工程学报,2000,3(6):105-108.(WANG Guang-yuan.On mechanics of time-varying structures[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2000,3(6):105–108.(in Chinese))
[14]康红普.巷道围岩的关键圈理论[J].力学与实践,1997,19(1):34–36.(KANG Hong-pu.Key circle theory of roadway surrounding rock[J].Mechanics in Engineering,1997,19(1):34–36.(in Chinese))
[15]陈学华,沈海鸿,王善勇.巷道围岩自稳结构原理及其影响因素研究[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2002,21(3):261–263.(CHEN Xue-hua,SHEN Hai-hong,WANG Shan-yong.The research on theory and influence factors of self-sustaining structure of roadway surrounding rock[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University(Natural Science),2002,21(3):261–263.(in Chinese))
[16]ADAMS C R,JAGER A J.Petroscopic observations of rock fracturing ahead of stope faces in deep-level gold mines[J].Journal of South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,1980,80(6):204–209.
[17]钱七虎.深部岩体工程响应的特征科学现象及“深部”的界定[J].东华理工学院学报,2004,27(1):1–5.(QIAN Qi-hu.The characteristic scientific phenomena of engineering response to deep rock mass and the implication of deepness[J].Journal of East China Institute of Technology,2004,27(1):1–5.(in Chinese))
[18]周小平,钱七虎.深埋巷道分区破裂化机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):877–885.(ZHOU Xiao-ping,QIAN Qi-hu.Zonal fracturing mechanism in deep tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):877–885.(in Chinese))
[19]李桂青,李秋胜.工程结构时变可靠度理论及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.(LI Gui-qin,LI Qiu-shen.Theory and application of engineering structure time-varying reliability[M].Beijing:Science Press,2001.(in Chinese))
[20]陈宗基,康文法.在岩石破坏和地震之前与时间有关的扩容[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1983,2(1):11–21.(TAN Tjongkie,KANG Wen-fa.Time-dependent dilatancy prior to rock failure and earthquakes[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1983,2(1):11–21.(in Chinese))
[21]李长洪,蔡美峰,乔兰,等.岩石全应力–应变曲线及其与岩爆关系[J].北京科技大学学报,1999,21(6):513–515.(LI Chang-hong,CAI Mei-feng,QIAO Lan,et al.Rock complete strss-strain curve and its relationship to rock burst[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,1999,21(6):513–515.(in Chinese))
[22]马亢,徐进,王兰生,等.雪峰山公路隧道岩爆问题的分析预测研究[J].公路,2008,1(1):204–208.(MA Kang,XU Jin,WANG Lan-sheng,et al.Research on prediction of rockburst problem of Xuefeng Mountain highway tunnel[J].Highway,2008,1(1):204–208.(in Chinese))
[2]MUELLER W.Numerical simulation of rock bursts[J].Mining Science&Technology,1991,12:27–42.
[3]左宇军,李夕兵,赵国彦.洞室层裂屈曲岩爆的突变模型[J].中南大学学报(自然科学版),2005,36(2):311–316.(ZOU Yu-jun,LI Xi-bing,ZHAO Guo-yan.A catastrophe model for underground chamber rock burst under lamination spallation bucking[J].J Central South University(Science and Technology),2005,36(2):311–316.(in Chinese))
[4]侯发亮,刘小明,王敏强.岩爆成因再分析及烈度划分探讨[C]//第三届全国岩石动力学学术会议论文集.武汉:武汉测绘利技大学出版社,1992:523–537.(HOU Fa-liang,LIU Xiao-ming,WANG Min-qiang.Discussion on mechanism and intensity classification of rockburst[C]//Proceedings of the Third China Rock Dynamic Mechanics.Wuhan:Wuhan Technical University of Surveying and Mapping Press,1992:523–37.(in Chinese))
[5]卢文波,陈明,严鹏,等.高地应力条件下隧洞开挖诱发围岩振动特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增1):3329–3334.(LU Wen-bo,CHEN Ming,YAN Peng,et al.Study on vibration characteristics of surrounding rock induced by tunnel excavation under high in-situ stress[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(S1):3329–3334.(in Chinese))
[6]何满潮,苗金丽,李德建,等.深部花岗岩试样岩爆过程实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):865–877.(HE Man-chao,MIAO Jin-li,LI De-jian,et al.Experimental study on rockburst processes of granite specimen at great depth[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):865–877.(in Chinese))
[7]马占国,黄伟,郭广礼,等.覆岩失稳破坏的时变边界力学分析[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2006,25(4):515–517.(MA Zhan-guo,HUANG Wei,GUO Guang-li,et al.Analysis on failure of covering rock in Ehuobulake Mine by using mechanics of systems with variable boundaries[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University,2006,25(4):515–517.(in Chinese))
[8]曹志远,邹贵平,唐寿高.时变动力学的Legendre级数解[J].固体力学学报,2000,21(2):102–108.(CAO Zhi-yuan,ZOU Gui-ping,TANG Shou-gao.Solution of time-variation dynamic problem by Legendre polynomials[J].Acta Mechanica Solida Sinica,2000,21(2):102–108.(in Chinese))
[9]管昌生.随机时变结构动力可靠度分析的Markov模型[J].武汉工业大学学报,2000,22(2):48–50.(GUAN Chang-sheng.Markov model on analysis of random time dependent structural dynamic reliability[J].Journal of Wuhan University of Technology,2000,22(2):48–50.(in Chinese))
[10]钱鸣高,石平五.矿山压力与岩层控制[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2003.(QIAN Ming-gao,SHI Ping-wu.Mining pressure and strata control[M].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2003.(in Chinese))
[11]张志强,关宝树,翁汉民.岩爆发生条件的基本分析[J].铁道学报,1998,20(4):82–85.(ZHANG Zhi-qiang,GUAN Bao-shu,WEN Han-ming.Basic analysis of rock bursting occurrence condition[J].Journal of China Railway Society,1998,20(4):82–85.(in Chinese))
[12]HE M C.Rock mechanics and hazard control in deep mining engineering in China[C]//Proceedings of the4th Asian Rock Mechanics Symposium.Singapore:World Scientific Publishing Co.,Ltd.,2006:29–46.
[13]王光远.论时变结构力学[J].土木工程学报,2000,3(6):105-108.(WANG Guang-yuan.On mechanics of time-varying structures[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2000,3(6):105–108.(in Chinese))
[14]康红普.巷道围岩的关键圈理论[J].力学与实践,1997,19(1):34–36.(KANG Hong-pu.Key circle theory of roadway surrounding rock[J].Mechanics in Engineering,1997,19(1):34–36.(in Chinese))
[15]陈学华,沈海鸿,王善勇.巷道围岩自稳结构原理及其影响因素研究[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2002,21(3):261–263.(CHEN Xue-hua,SHEN Hai-hong,WANG Shan-yong.The research on theory and influence factors of self-sustaining structure of roadway surrounding rock[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University(Natural Science),2002,21(3):261–263.(in Chinese))
[16]ADAMS C R,JAGER A J.Petroscopic observations of rock fracturing ahead of stope faces in deep-level gold mines[J].Journal of South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,1980,80(6):204–209.
[17]钱七虎.深部岩体工程响应的特征科学现象及“深部”的界定[J].东华理工学院学报,2004,27(1):1–5.(QIAN Qi-hu.The characteristic scientific phenomena of engineering response to deep rock mass and the implication of deepness[J].Journal of East China Institute of Technology,2004,27(1):1–5.(in Chinese))
[18]周小平,钱七虎.深埋巷道分区破裂化机制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):877–885.(ZHOU Xiao-ping,QIAN Qi-hu.Zonal fracturing mechanism in deep tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):877–885.(in Chinese))
[19]李桂青,李秋胜.工程结构时变可靠度理论及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.(LI Gui-qin,LI Qiu-shen.Theory and application of engineering structure time-varying reliability[M].Beijing:Science Press,2001.(in Chinese))
[20]陈宗基,康文法.在岩石破坏和地震之前与时间有关的扩容[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1983,2(1):11–21.(TAN Tjongkie,KANG Wen-fa.Time-dependent dilatancy prior to rock failure and earthquakes[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1983,2(1):11–21.(in Chinese))
[21]李长洪,蔡美峰,乔兰,等.岩石全应力–应变曲线及其与岩爆关系[J].北京科技大学学报,1999,21(6):513–515.(LI Chang-hong,CAI Mei-feng,QIAO Lan,et al.Rock complete strss-strain curve and its relationship to rock burst[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,1999,21(6):513–515.(in Chinese))
[22]马亢,徐进,王兰生,等.雪峰山公路隧道岩爆问题的分析预测研究[J].公路,2008,1(1):204–208.(MA Kang,XU Jin,WANG Lan-sheng,et al.Research on prediction of rockburst problem of Xuefeng Mountain highway tunnel[J].Highway,2008,1(1):204–208.(in Chinese))
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