汶川地震形变场和重力场模拟分析
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摘要
基于均匀连续、各向同性、半无限空间中的弹性位错理论,模拟计算了汶川地震引起的地表同震形变场和重力场,并分析了断层参数和地壳介质结构对其影响效应。结果表明:对于地表垂直位移和重力,应用多个子断层面上的非均匀位错模型计算结果和实际观测更为接近,其与运用均匀位错模型计算结果相比提高了近40%;地壳介质分层结构对水平位移场的影响约为2.7%,分层介质模型理论模拟值与观测结果更为接近。
On the elastic dislocation theory in the homogeniously continuous,isotropic and infinite half-space,we calculated the coseismic deformation field and gravity field caused by the Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake and analyzed the influence of the fault parameters and crustal media structure on the deformation and gravity field.It shows that the calculated results with multi-subfaults model are nearly agree with the observed ones and compared to the results with mean dislocation model the accuracy improves to 40%.The effects of layered crustal media model on the horizontal displacement is about 2.7%,the simulation results of layered-medim earth model are more nearly agree with the observed ones.
On the elastic dislocation theory in the homogeniously continuous,isotropic and infinite half-space,we calculated the coseismic deformation field and gravity field caused by the Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake and analyzed the influence of the fault parameters and crustal media structure on the deformation and gravity field.It shows that the calculated results with multi-subfaults model are nearly agree with the observed ones and compared to the results with mean dislocation model the accuracy improves to 40%.The effects of layered crustal media model on the horizontal displacement is about 2.7%,the simulation results of layered-medim earth model are more nearly agree with the observed ones.
引文
1张培震,等.2008年汶川8.0级地震发震断裂的滑动速率、复发周期和构造成因[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(4):1066-1073.(Zhang Peizhen,et al.Slip rates and recurrence intervals of Longmenshan active fault zone,and tectonic implications for the mechanism of the May12Wen-chuan earthquake,2008,Sichuan,China[J].Chinese J Geophys,2008,51(4):1066-1073)
2唐文清,等.龙门山断裂构造带GPS研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2004,(3):57-59.(Tang Wenqing,et al.GPS study on Longmenshan fault zone[J].Journal of Geode-sy and Geodynamics,2004,(3):57-59)
3Zhang P Z,et al.Continuous deformation of the Tibetan Plat-eau from global positioning system data[J].Geology,2004,32:809-812.
4Parsons T,Chen Ji and Kirby E.Stress changes from the2008Wenchuan earthquake and increased hazard in the Si-chuan basin[J].Nature,2008,doi:10.1038/nature0717.
5腾吉文,等.2008年汶川Ms8.0地震发生的深层过程与动力学响应[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1385-1402.(Teng Jiwen,et al.Deep process and dynamic re-sponses associated with the WenchuanMs8.0earthquake of2008[J].Chinese J Geophys,2008,51(5):1385-1420)
6王卫民,等.四川汶川8.0级地震震源过程[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1403-1414.(Wang Weimin,et al.Rupture process of the Ms8.0Wenchuan earthquake of Si-chuan,China[J].Chinese J Geophys,2008,51(5):403-414)
7刘启元,等.汶川Ms8.0地震:地壳上地幔S波速度结构的初步研究[J].地球物理学报,2008,52(2):309-319.(Liu Qiyuan Y,et al.WenchuanMs8.0earthquake:pre-liminary study of the S-wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle[J].Chinese J Geophys,2008,52(2):309-319)
8Wang R,et al.Computation of deformation induced by earth-quakes in a multi-layered elastic crust—FORTRAN pro-grams EDGRN/EDCMP[J].Computers&Geosciences,2003,29(2):195-207.
9Wang R,Lorenzo F-Martin and Roth F.PSGRN/PSCMP-a new code for calculating co-and post-seismic de-formation,geoid and gravity changes based on the viscoelas-tic-gravitational dislocation theory[J].Computers and Ge-osciences,2006,32(4):527-541.
10Okubo S.Potential and gravity changes raised by point dis-locations[J].Geophys J.Int.,1991,105:573-586.
11Steketee J A.On Volterra’s dislocations in a semi-infi-nite elastic medium[J].Can.J.Phys.,1958,36:192-205.
12Okada Y.Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space[J].Bull.seism.Soc.Am.,1985,75:1135-1154.
13焦青,等.汶川8.0级地震前后龙门山断裂活动特征浅析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2008,(4):7-11.(Jiao Qing,et al.Preliminary study on motion characteristic of Longmenshan fault before and afterMs8.0Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2008,(4):7-11.)
14申重阳,李辉,谈洪波.汶川8.0级地震同震重力与形变效应模拟[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2008,(5):6-12.(Shen Chongyang,Li Hui and Tan Hongbo.Simula-tion of coseis gravity changes and deformation effect of WenchuanMs8.0earthquake[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2008,(5):6-12.)
15许志琴,等.青藏高原东缘龙门山-锦屏造山带的崛起——大型撤离断层和挤出机制[J].地质通报,2007,26(10):1262-1276.(Xu Zhiqin,et al.Uplifting og Longmenshan and Jinpinshan,eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau:large scale detachment faults and their extrusion mechanism[J].Geological Bull of China,2007,26(10):1262-1276)
16张培震.青藏高原东缘川西地区的现今构造变形、应变分配与深部动力过程[J].中国科学(D辑),2008,38(9):1041-1056.(Zhang Peizhen,et al.Present tectonic deformation,strain distribution and deep dynamic process in West of Sichuan,eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Sciences in Chi-na(Series D),2008,38(9):1041-1056.)
17Zhang P Z,Peter M and Xu X W.Late Quaternary and present-day rates of slip along the Altyn Tagh fault,north-ern margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Tectonics,2007,26:TC5010,doi:10.1029/2006TC002014.
18Ji C and Hayes G.Preliminary result of the May12,2008Mw7.9eastern Sichuan,2008[DB/OL].http://earth-quake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/eqinthenews/2008/us2008ryan/finite-fault.php.
19郑勇,等.汶川地震强余震(Ms≥5.6)的震源机制解及其与发震构造的关系[J].中国科学(D辑),2009,39(4):413-426.(Zheng Yong,et al.Source mechanism of large aftershock(Ms≥5.6)sequence of the of theWen-chuan earthquake and the implication for seismotectonics[J].Sciences in China(Series D),2009,39(4):413-426.)
20陈运泰,等.2008年5月12日汶川特大地震震源特性分析报告[DB/OL].http://www.csi.ac.cn/si-chuan/.(Chen Yuntai,et al.Analysis report about the hy-pocenter characteristic of the Wenchuan earthquake hap-pened on May12th[DB/OL].http://www.csi.ac.cn/si-chuan/)
21中国地震局监测预报司(编).汶川8.0级地震科学研究报告[M].北京:地震出版社,2009.(Department for mo-nitoring and predicting,CEA.WenchuanMs8.0earth-quake science research report[M].Beijing:Seimology Press,2009)
22国家重大科学工程“中国地壳运动观测网络”项目组.GPS测定的2008年汶川Ms8.0地震的同震位移场[J].中国科学D辑,2008,38(10):1195-1206.(CMONOC.Coseismic Signals of the2008Ms8.0Wenchuan earthquake determined with GPS[J].Sciences in China(Series D),2008,38(10):1195-1206)
23邓明莉,等.GPS数据约束的昆仑Ms8.1地震断层的分段模型[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2008,(4):31-37.](Deng Mingli,et al.A sectionalized fault model of Kunlun Ms8.1earthquake in constraint of GPS data[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2008,(4):31-37)
2唐文清,等.龙门山断裂构造带GPS研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2004,(3):57-59.(Tang Wenqing,et al.GPS study on Longmenshan fault zone[J].Journal of Geode-sy and Geodynamics,2004,(3):57-59)
3Zhang P Z,et al.Continuous deformation of the Tibetan Plat-eau from global positioning system data[J].Geology,2004,32:809-812.
4Parsons T,Chen Ji and Kirby E.Stress changes from the2008Wenchuan earthquake and increased hazard in the Si-chuan basin[J].Nature,2008,doi:10.1038/nature0717.
5腾吉文,等.2008年汶川Ms8.0地震发生的深层过程与动力学响应[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1385-1402.(Teng Jiwen,et al.Deep process and dynamic re-sponses associated with the WenchuanMs8.0earthquake of2008[J].Chinese J Geophys,2008,51(5):1385-1420)
6王卫民,等.四川汶川8.0级地震震源过程[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(5):1403-1414.(Wang Weimin,et al.Rupture process of the Ms8.0Wenchuan earthquake of Si-chuan,China[J].Chinese J Geophys,2008,51(5):403-414)
7刘启元,等.汶川Ms8.0地震:地壳上地幔S波速度结构的初步研究[J].地球物理学报,2008,52(2):309-319.(Liu Qiyuan Y,et al.WenchuanMs8.0earthquake:pre-liminary study of the S-wave velocity structure of the crust and upper mantle[J].Chinese J Geophys,2008,52(2):309-319)
8Wang R,et al.Computation of deformation induced by earth-quakes in a multi-layered elastic crust—FORTRAN pro-grams EDGRN/EDCMP[J].Computers&Geosciences,2003,29(2):195-207.
9Wang R,Lorenzo F-Martin and Roth F.PSGRN/PSCMP-a new code for calculating co-and post-seismic de-formation,geoid and gravity changes based on the viscoelas-tic-gravitational dislocation theory[J].Computers and Ge-osciences,2006,32(4):527-541.
10Okubo S.Potential and gravity changes raised by point dis-locations[J].Geophys J.Int.,1991,105:573-586.
11Steketee J A.On Volterra’s dislocations in a semi-infi-nite elastic medium[J].Can.J.Phys.,1958,36:192-205.
12Okada Y.Surface deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space[J].Bull.seism.Soc.Am.,1985,75:1135-1154.
13焦青,等.汶川8.0级地震前后龙门山断裂活动特征浅析[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2008,(4):7-11.(Jiao Qing,et al.Preliminary study on motion characteristic of Longmenshan fault before and afterMs8.0Wenchuan earthquake[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2008,(4):7-11.)
14申重阳,李辉,谈洪波.汶川8.0级地震同震重力与形变效应模拟[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2008,(5):6-12.(Shen Chongyang,Li Hui and Tan Hongbo.Simula-tion of coseis gravity changes and deformation effect of WenchuanMs8.0earthquake[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2008,(5):6-12.)
15许志琴,等.青藏高原东缘龙门山-锦屏造山带的崛起——大型撤离断层和挤出机制[J].地质通报,2007,26(10):1262-1276.(Xu Zhiqin,et al.Uplifting og Longmenshan and Jinpinshan,eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau:large scale detachment faults and their extrusion mechanism[J].Geological Bull of China,2007,26(10):1262-1276)
16张培震.青藏高原东缘川西地区的现今构造变形、应变分配与深部动力过程[J].中国科学(D辑),2008,38(9):1041-1056.(Zhang Peizhen,et al.Present tectonic deformation,strain distribution and deep dynamic process in West of Sichuan,eastern margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Sciences in Chi-na(Series D),2008,38(9):1041-1056.)
17Zhang P Z,Peter M and Xu X W.Late Quaternary and present-day rates of slip along the Altyn Tagh fault,north-ern margin of the Tibetan Plateau[J].Tectonics,2007,26:TC5010,doi:10.1029/2006TC002014.
18Ji C and Hayes G.Preliminary result of the May12,2008Mw7.9eastern Sichuan,2008[DB/OL].http://earth-quake.usgs.gov/eqcenter/eqinthenews/2008/us2008ryan/finite-fault.php.
19郑勇,等.汶川地震强余震(Ms≥5.6)的震源机制解及其与发震构造的关系[J].中国科学(D辑),2009,39(4):413-426.(Zheng Yong,et al.Source mechanism of large aftershock(Ms≥5.6)sequence of the of theWen-chuan earthquake and the implication for seismotectonics[J].Sciences in China(Series D),2009,39(4):413-426.)
20陈运泰,等.2008年5月12日汶川特大地震震源特性分析报告[DB/OL].http://www.csi.ac.cn/si-chuan/.(Chen Yuntai,et al.Analysis report about the hy-pocenter characteristic of the Wenchuan earthquake hap-pened on May12th[DB/OL].http://www.csi.ac.cn/si-chuan/)
21中国地震局监测预报司(编).汶川8.0级地震科学研究报告[M].北京:地震出版社,2009.(Department for mo-nitoring and predicting,CEA.WenchuanMs8.0earth-quake science research report[M].Beijing:Seimology Press,2009)
22国家重大科学工程“中国地壳运动观测网络”项目组.GPS测定的2008年汶川Ms8.0地震的同震位移场[J].中国科学D辑,2008,38(10):1195-1206.(CMONOC.Coseismic Signals of the2008Ms8.0Wenchuan earthquake determined with GPS[J].Sciences in China(Series D),2008,38(10):1195-1206)
23邓明莉,等.GPS数据约束的昆仑Ms8.1地震断层的分段模型[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2008,(4):31-37.](Deng Mingli,et al.A sectionalized fault model of Kunlun Ms8.1earthquake in constraint of GPS data[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2008,(4):31-37)
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