城市社区应急避难地研究
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摘要
作为城市最基层的防灾单元,社区应急避难地对于人们能否在灾害发生的第一时间快速逃生和安全避难至关重要。以上海浦东新区潍坊街道为典型案例,利用遥感技术获取该社区的遥感影像图,并对其进行监督分类和矢量化。根据对图像中社区土地利用分类的分析,以及反映应急避难地供求状况的指标的计算,得出潍坊街道的避难用地面积为29808.45平方米,居住用地避难规模密度为0.82%,服务供求比率为0.24,说明潍坊社区在面临灾害时防灾能力较差。研究进一步提出了提高供求比率的解决方案,提出了土地利用视角下社区防灾能力的量化方法,可为城市社区应急避难地合理规划提供科学依据。
As the basic municipal unit,community-level emergency shelters are vital for safe refuge when a disaster happens. Taking Weifang Community of Shanghai as an example,this article gets the community's remote sensing images by RS technologies and performs a supervised classification and vectorization to them. According to the analysis to the land uses classification and the calculation to the emergency shelters supply and demand,it is concluded that the area of Weifang's emergency shelters is 298084.5 m2,density ratio 0.82%,and the supply and demand ratio 0.24. The results indicate Weifang community is vulnerable in disaster protection. It also brings forward solutions of improving supply and demand ratio and quantifying methods to community disaster protection from the perspective of land uses so as to provide scientific proof for urban planning.
As the basic municipal unit,community-level emergency shelters are vital for safe refuge when a disaster happens. Taking Weifang Community of Shanghai as an example,this article gets the community's remote sensing images by RS technologies and performs a supervised classification and vectorization to them. According to the analysis to the land uses classification and the calculation to the emergency shelters supply and demand,it is concluded that the area of Weifang's emergency shelters is 298084.5 m2,density ratio 0.82%,and the supply and demand ratio 0.24. The results indicate Weifang community is vulnerable in disaster protection. It also brings forward solutions of improving supply and demand ratio and quantifying methods to community disaster protection from the perspective of land uses so as to provide scientific proof for urban planning.
引文
[1]杨培峰,尹贵.城市应急避难场所总体规划方法研究———以攀枝花市为例[J].城市规划,2008(9):87
[2]王秀辰.石家庄市地震安全社区建设初探[J].中国应急救援,2009(5):46-47
[3]王宏伟.日本城市公共安全管理的经验与启示[J].中国减灾,2009(8):6-8
[4]关贤军,陈海艺,尤建新.城市社区防灾减灾工作机制研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2008(11):14-19
[5]金磊.美国城市公共安全应急体系建设方法研究[J].规划师,2008(2):273-276
[6]李景奇,夏季.城市防灾公园规划研究[J].中国园林,2007(6):16
[2]王秀辰.石家庄市地震安全社区建设初探[J].中国应急救援,2009(5):46-47
[3]王宏伟.日本城市公共安全管理的经验与启示[J].中国减灾,2009(8):6-8
[4]关贤军,陈海艺,尤建新.城市社区防灾减灾工作机制研究[J].中国安全科学学报,2008(11):14-19
[5]金磊.美国城市公共安全应急体系建设方法研究[J].规划师,2008(2):273-276
[6]李景奇,夏季.城市防灾公园规划研究[J].中国园林,2007(6):16
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