汶川Ms8.0地震前的流动形变
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摘要
分析汶川Ms8.0大震前南北地震带流动水准和流动GPS观测到的形变图像发现:1)流动水准显示汶川地震之前该区域存在一个相对隆起区,量级在180mm以上;2)流动GPS显示该区域存在长期显著的压性变形,与隆起变形相配套;3)汶川大震前没有任何察觉的主要原因:一是孕震区缺少足够的观测手段,难以捕捉到可信的前兆信息,二是缺少8级逆冲型地震的震例和经验。
The crustal deformation patterns of the North-South Earthquake Belt area from mobile leveling and mobile GPS before Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake in Sichuan province are analyzed.The results show as follows.1)There is a relative uplift area around the epicenter before Wenchuan earthquake measured by mobile leveling,the magnitude of the uplift is more than 180 mm;2)There is a remarkably compressional deformation showed by mobile GPS observation,which matched with the uplift;3)It had not any feeling before the earthquake due to some complicated reasons including the first,there are no enough monitoring measures around the epicenter area,so it is difficult to find credible precursors,and the second,we have no any experience and recorded examples about thrust intra-plate earthquake of Ms8.0.
The crustal deformation patterns of the North-South Earthquake Belt area from mobile leveling and mobile GPS before Wenchuan Ms8.0 earthquake in Sichuan province are analyzed.The results show as follows.1)There is a relative uplift area around the epicenter before Wenchuan earthquake measured by mobile leveling,the magnitude of the uplift is more than 180 mm;2)There is a remarkably compressional deformation showed by mobile GPS observation,which matched with the uplift;3)It had not any feeling before the earthquake due to some complicated reasons including the first,there are no enough monitoring measures around the epicenter area,so it is difficult to find credible precursors,and the second,we have no any experience and recorded examples about thrust intra-plate earthquake of Ms8.0.
引文
[1]GPS测定的2008年汶川8.0级地震的同震位移场。国家重大科学工程“中国地壳运动观测网络”材料,中国地震局,2008.
[2]2005年度地震趋势研究报告,中国地震局第一监测中心,2004年12月.
1王庆良,等.川西地区现今垂直地壳运动研究[A].薄万举,等编.流动形变监测系统[C].北京:地震出版社,2008,67-81.1Wang Qingliang,et al.Researches on current vertical crust movement in western Sichuan area[A].Bo Wanju,et al.(editors).Mobile crust deformation monitoring system[C].Beijing:Seismological Press.2008,67-81.(in Chinese)
2江道崇.龙门山地震带地震活动特征的研究[J].四川地震,1995,28(4):10-18.2Jiang Daochong.Researches on features of seismicity in Longmenshan seismic belt[J].Earthquake Research in Si-chuan,1995,28(4):10-18.(in Chinese)
3余团,何昌荣.龙门山构造带区域稳定性探讨[J].地震研究,2000,23(4):378-383.3Yu Tuan and He Changrong.Discussion of the stability ofLongmenshan tectonic belt[J].Journal of Seismological Re-search,2000,23(4):378-383.(in Chinese)
4赵济湘,等.应用GPS技术监测龙门山,川滇地区地壳形变及近期地震趋势[J].四川地震,1996,29(2):62-64.4Zhao Jixiang,et al.Monitoring the crust deformation and re-cently seismic tendency in Longmenshan and Yunnan-Si-chuan area with GPS[J].Earthquake Research in Sichuan,1996,29(2):62-64.(in Chinese)
5唐文清,等.龙门山断裂构造带GPS研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2004,24(3):57-59.5Tang Wenqing,et al.GPS study on Longmenshan fault zone[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2004,24(3):57-59.(in Chinese)
6安其美,等.龙门山断裂带的性质与活动性研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2004,24(2):115-119.6An Qimei et al.Research of property and activity of Long-menshan fault zone[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynam-ics,2004,24(2):115-119.(in Chinese)
7马杏垣.中国岩石圈动力学纲要[M].北京:地质出版社,1997.7Ma Xingyuan.The dynamics compendium of rock crust in China[M].Beijing:Geological Press,1997.(in Chinese)
8丁国瑜.中国岩石圈动力学概论[M].北京:地震出版社,1991.8Ding Guoyu.The dynamics conspectus of rock crust in China[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1991.(in Chinese)
9张培震,王琪,马宗晋.中国大陆现今构造运动的GPS速度场与活动地块[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):430-441.9Zhang Peizhen,Wang Qi and Ma Zongjin.The GPS velocity field and active blocks accompanied with recently tectonic movement of China continent[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2002,9(2):430-441.(in Chinese)
10张培震,王琪,马宗晋.青藏高原现今构造变形特征与GPS速度场[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):442-450.10Zhang Peizhen,Wang Qi,Ma Zongjin.The GPS velocity field and the tectonic deformation features of recent Qing-hai-Tibet plateau[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2002,9(2):442-450.(in Chinese)
11薄万举,等.“坝体决口”孕震模式[J].地壳形变与地震,2001,21(4):103-109.11Bo Wanju,et al.A seismogenic pattern like“Dam burst-ing”[J].Crustal Deformation and Earthquake,2001,21(4):103-109.(in Chinese)
12薄万举,等.印度洋8.7级特大地震后川滇地区地震活动性趋势判定[J].地震研究,2006,29(1):1-6.12Bo Wanju,et al.Estimation of the earthquake situation in the Sichuan-Yunnan area after theMs8.7great earthquake in the Indian ocean[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2006,29(1):1-6.(in Chinese)
[2]2005年度地震趋势研究报告,中国地震局第一监测中心,2004年12月.
1王庆良,等.川西地区现今垂直地壳运动研究[A].薄万举,等编.流动形变监测系统[C].北京:地震出版社,2008,67-81.1Wang Qingliang,et al.Researches on current vertical crust movement in western Sichuan area[A].Bo Wanju,et al.(editors).Mobile crust deformation monitoring system[C].Beijing:Seismological Press.2008,67-81.(in Chinese)
2江道崇.龙门山地震带地震活动特征的研究[J].四川地震,1995,28(4):10-18.2Jiang Daochong.Researches on features of seismicity in Longmenshan seismic belt[J].Earthquake Research in Si-chuan,1995,28(4):10-18.(in Chinese)
3余团,何昌荣.龙门山构造带区域稳定性探讨[J].地震研究,2000,23(4):378-383.3Yu Tuan and He Changrong.Discussion of the stability ofLongmenshan tectonic belt[J].Journal of Seismological Re-search,2000,23(4):378-383.(in Chinese)
4赵济湘,等.应用GPS技术监测龙门山,川滇地区地壳形变及近期地震趋势[J].四川地震,1996,29(2):62-64.4Zhao Jixiang,et al.Monitoring the crust deformation and re-cently seismic tendency in Longmenshan and Yunnan-Si-chuan area with GPS[J].Earthquake Research in Sichuan,1996,29(2):62-64.(in Chinese)
5唐文清,等.龙门山断裂构造带GPS研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2004,24(3):57-59.5Tang Wenqing,et al.GPS study on Longmenshan fault zone[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2004,24(3):57-59.(in Chinese)
6安其美,等.龙门山断裂带的性质与活动性研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2004,24(2):115-119.6An Qimei et al.Research of property and activity of Long-menshan fault zone[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynam-ics,2004,24(2):115-119.(in Chinese)
7马杏垣.中国岩石圈动力学纲要[M].北京:地质出版社,1997.7Ma Xingyuan.The dynamics compendium of rock crust in China[M].Beijing:Geological Press,1997.(in Chinese)
8丁国瑜.中国岩石圈动力学概论[M].北京:地震出版社,1991.8Ding Guoyu.The dynamics conspectus of rock crust in China[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1991.(in Chinese)
9张培震,王琪,马宗晋.中国大陆现今构造运动的GPS速度场与活动地块[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):430-441.9Zhang Peizhen,Wang Qi and Ma Zongjin.The GPS velocity field and active blocks accompanied with recently tectonic movement of China continent[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2002,9(2):430-441.(in Chinese)
10张培震,王琪,马宗晋.青藏高原现今构造变形特征与GPS速度场[J].地学前缘,2002,9(2):442-450.10Zhang Peizhen,Wang Qi,Ma Zongjin.The GPS velocity field and the tectonic deformation features of recent Qing-hai-Tibet plateau[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2002,9(2):442-450.(in Chinese)
11薄万举,等.“坝体决口”孕震模式[J].地壳形变与地震,2001,21(4):103-109.11Bo Wanju,et al.A seismogenic pattern like“Dam burst-ing”[J].Crustal Deformation and Earthquake,2001,21(4):103-109.(in Chinese)
12薄万举,等.印度洋8.7级特大地震后川滇地区地震活动性趋势判定[J].地震研究,2006,29(1):1-6.12Bo Wanju,et al.Estimation of the earthquake situation in the Sichuan-Yunnan area after theMs8.7great earthquake in the Indian ocean[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2006,29(1):1-6.(in Chinese)
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