太原西山大佛松动岩体边坡稳定性分析
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摘要
针对太原西山大佛现状,根据大佛所处的地形地貌、地质构造、气象水文条件和场地工程地质条件,分析了影响大佛边坡岩体稳定性的主要因素,提出了大佛边坡岩体可能遭受的主要工况类型。大佛边坡直立,边坡岩体为二叠系厚层砂岩,岩层近水平略向坡内倾斜。区域构造节理切割和临空卸荷使大佛岩体呈松动块状。基于强度折减法的二维有限差分稳定性分析表明,边坡边缘局部变形可能导致陡崖由反向坡变为顺向坡,从而使大佛边坡趋于滑动失稳。进一步运用拟静力法和极限平衡法分析了多种工况条件下大佛松动岩体边坡的顺层抗滑动稳定性和抗倾覆稳定性。分析表明,仅在地震力作用下大佛陡崖岩体不会发生顺层滑动破坏,但存在向外倾覆崩落的危险;在排水不畅的条件下松动岩体裂隙充水对大佛陡崖边坡的抗滑稳定性会有显著影响;在裂隙静水压力和水平地震力联合作用下,大佛陡崖将失稳破坏。
Based on the status quo of Jinyang Grand Buddha in Taiyuan, some factors such as topography, geological structures, climate, hydrology and engineering geology that influence the stability of the Buddha slope are considered, and several working situations of the slope possibly suffered are presented in this paper. The Buddha slope stands upright and the rock masses are composed of thick Permian sandstone, which dips slightly inwards the slope. Affected by both the incision of regional joints and the load relief to free surface, the rock mass of the Buddha slope has turned into loosened blocks. Numerical stability analysis by FLAC-2D based on strength reduction method reveals that the localized deformation of the rock masses near the vertical surface of the slope may trigger reversing of rock beddings making the back dip slope convert to a dip slope with the possibility of plane sliding failure. Furthermore, the pseudo-static method for the dynamic process and the limit equilibrium method for the static process are applied to different working situations of the Buddha slope. The analytical results illustrate that plane sliding failure will not occur when the slope is affected only by seism. However, water-filling in cracks of the loosened rock mass may greatly contribute to the potential plane sliding failure. When horizontal seism-force and hydrostatic pressure are coupled, the Buddha slope can hardly keep stable. Additionally, the loosened rock masses are prone to block toppling failure when influenced by the seism force.
Based on the status quo of Jinyang Grand Buddha in Taiyuan, some factors such as topography, geological structures, climate, hydrology and engineering geology that influence the stability of the Buddha slope are considered, and several working situations of the slope possibly suffered are presented in this paper. The Buddha slope stands upright and the rock masses are composed of thick Permian sandstone, which dips slightly inwards the slope. Affected by both the incision of regional joints and the load relief to free surface, the rock mass of the Buddha slope has turned into loosened blocks. Numerical stability analysis by FLAC-2D based on strength reduction method reveals that the localized deformation of the rock masses near the vertical surface of the slope may trigger reversing of rock beddings making the back dip slope convert to a dip slope with the possibility of plane sliding failure. Furthermore, the pseudo-static method for the dynamic process and the limit equilibrium method for the static process are applied to different working situations of the Buddha slope. The analytical results illustrate that plane sliding failure will not occur when the slope is affected only by seism. However, water-filling in cracks of the loosened rock mass may greatly contribute to the potential plane sliding failure. When horizontal seism-force and hydrostatic pressure are coupled, the Buddha slope can hardly keep stable. Additionally, the loosened rock masses are prone to block toppling failure when influenced by the seism force.
引文
[1]杜锦华.晋阳文史资料(第五辑).太原:太原市晋源区政协文史资料委员会,2001.
[2]山西省地质矿产局区域地质调查队.中华人民共和国太原市地质图(1∶50000)说明书.北京:中国地质图书馆,1986.
[1]山西省地质矿产局区域地质调查队.中华人民共和国太原市地质图(1∶50000)说明书.北京:中国地质图书馆,1986.
[1]山西省地质矿产局第三水文地质工程地质队.中华人民共和国太原市灾害地质图(1∶100000)说明书.北京:中国地质图书馆,1987.
[2]山西省地质矿产局区域地质调查大队.中华人民共和国太原市地质构造图(1∶10000)说明书.北京:中国地质图书馆,1986.
[3]山西省地质矿产局第三水文地质工程地质队.中华人民共和国太原市工程地质图(1∶100000)说明书.北京:中国地质图书馆,1986.
[1]山西省地质矿产局区域地质调查队.中华人民共和国太原市地质图(1∶50000)说明书.北京:中国地质图书馆,1986.
[1]Yang S T.70%lithoid cultural-relics are damaged seriously in Chengde Summer Resort[EB/OL].2005-11-24,http:∥news.qq.com/a/20051124/000364.ht ml(in Chinese).
[2]efaw.Leshan Buddha is crying[EB/OL].2007-11-16,http:∥www.efaw.cn/ht ml/fzzb/20071116/J4IK8154.ht ml(in Chinese).
[3]efaw.Yungang grotto is seriously suffering from weathering[EB/OL].2007-12-31.http:∥www.efaw.cn/ht ml/fzzb/20071231/E2BE10547.ht ml(in Chinese).
[4]Mou H C,Yang Z F,Wu F Q.Study on engineering geome-chanics for preservation of rocky historical relics[M].Bei-jing:Seismological Press,2000(in Chinese).
[5]Fang Y,Deng C Q,Li H S.Environment geological prob-lems in prevention and cure of weathering diseases of carved stone relics[J].Geoscience,2001,15(4):458-461(in Chi-nese).
[6]He Y,Li Z Y.A study of geological disease analyses and renovation methods in Lingquan Temple Grotto of Henan,China[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2000,21(3):56-59(in Chinese).
[7]Mou H C.Rock movement and subsidence[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1992(in Chinese).
[8]Li Z Y,Zhang X G,Li HS.Astudy on the weathering dis-ease of stone cultural relics in Zhongxian,Sichuan[J].Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences,1995,20(4):378-382(in Chinese).
[9]Guo X Y.Dazu rock carvings study series[M].Chongqing:Chongqing Press,1993(in Chinese).
[10]GB50021—2001Code for investigation geotechnical engineer-ing[S](in Chinese).
[11]GB50011—2001Code for seismic design of buildings[S](in Chinese).
[12]GB50218—94Standard for engineering classification of rock masses[S](in Chinese).
[13]Tao L J,Su S R,Zhang Z Y.Dynamic stability analysis of jointed rock slope[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2001,9(1):32-38(in Chinese).
[14]Qi S W,Wu F Q,Liu C L,et al.Engineering geology analy-sis on stability of slope under earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(16):2792-2797(in Chinese).
[15]Tian H.Analysis of factors influencing slope stability[J].Shanxi Water Resources,2004,6:63(in Chinese).
[16]He MC,Yao AJ,Lu C,et al.Study of mechanical function of underground water in slope rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1998,17(6):662-666(in Chinese).
[17]Griffiths V,Lane P A.Slope stability analysis by finite ele-ment[J].Geotechnique,1999,39(3):387-403.
[18]Ren Q W,Yu T T,Ma L Y.Numerical analysis and experi-ment study of stability for dam section No.3of the Three Gorges project[J].Engineering Science,1999,1(3):41-45(in Chinese).
[19]Ren Q W.The research progress of the rock mass fracture a-nalysis device[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(Suppl2):1303-1309(in Chinese).
[20]Zhao Y,Ren Q W.Stability analysis of high slope of perma-nent shiplockin the three gorges project[J].Journal of Ho-hai University:Natural Science Edition,1998,26(2):60-64(in Chinese).
[21]Zhang J X,Chen F Q.Discussions on soil slope stability a-nalysis by strength reduction using FEM[J].Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology:Natural Sci-ence Edition,2004,23(1):115-117(in Chinese).
[22]Ren Q W,Qian X D,Zhao Y.Methods for analyzing sliding resistance stability along the base surface of high arch dam[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2002,1(1):1-7(in Chinese).
[23]Zhang P W,Chen Z Y.Finite element analysis of slope sta-bility in Nuozhadu damdesign[J].Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2003,1(3):207-210(in Chinese).
[24]Won J,You K,Jeong S,et al.Coupled effectsin stability a-nalysis of pile-slope systems[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2005,32:304-315.
[1]洋苏婷.承德避暑山庄70%石质文物损毁严重[EB/OL]2005-11-24,http:∥news.qq.com/a/20051124/000364.ht m
[2]e法网.乐山大佛在哭泣[EB/OL].2007-11-16,http:∥www.efaw.cn/ht ml/fzzb/20071116/J4IK8154.ht ml.
[3]e法网.云冈石窟遭遇风化危机[EB/OL].2007-12-31,http:∥www.efaw.cn/ht ml/fzzb/20071231/E2BE10547.ht ml.
[4]牟会宠,杨志法,伍法权.石质文物保护的工程地质力学研究[M].北京:地震出版社,2000.
[5]方云,邓长青,李宏松.石质文物风化病害防治的环境地质问题[J].现代地质,2001,15(4):458-461.
[6]何燕,李智毅.关于河南灵泉寺石窟地质病害及整治方法的研究[J].岩土力学,2000,21(3):56-59.
[7]牟会宠.岩移与塌陷[M].北京:地震出版社,1992.
[8]李智毅,张咸恭,李宏松.忠县地面石质文物的风化病害研究[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,1995,20(4):378-382.
[9]郭相颖.大足石刻研究文集[M].重庆:重庆出版社,1993.
[10]GB50021—2001岩土工程勘察规范[S].
[11]GB50011—2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].
[12]GB50218—94工程岩体分级标准[S].
[13]陶连金,苏生瑞,张倬元.节理边坡动力稳定性分析[J].工程地质学报,2001,9(1):32-38.
[14]祁生文,伍法权,刘春玲,等.地震边坡稳定性的工程地质分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(16):2792-2797.
[15]田华.影响边坡稳定的因素分析[J].山西水利,2004,6:63.
[16]何满潮,姚爱军,鹿粗,等.边坡岩体水力学作用的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(6):662-666.
[18]任青文,余天堂,马良筠.三峡大坝左厂3号坝段稳定性的数值分析和试验研究[J].中国工程科学,1999,1(3):41-45.
[19]任青文.岩体破坏分析方法的研究进展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(增刊2):1303-1309.
[20]赵引,任青文.三峡永久船闸高边坡的稳定分析[J].河海大学学报:自然科学版,1998,26(2):60-64.
[21]张建勋,陈福全.用强度折减有限元法分析土坡稳定问题[J].山东科技大学学报:自然科学版,2004,23(1):115-117.
[22]任青文,钱向东,赵引,等.高拱坝沿建基面抗滑稳定性的分析方法研究[J].水利学报,2002,1(1):1-7.
[23]张培文,陈祖煜.糯扎渡大坝设计边坡稳定的有限元分析[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2003,1(3):207-210.
[2]山西省地质矿产局区域地质调查队.中华人民共和国太原市地质图(1∶50000)说明书.北京:中国地质图书馆,1986.
[1]山西省地质矿产局区域地质调查队.中华人民共和国太原市地质图(1∶50000)说明书.北京:中国地质图书馆,1986.
[1]山西省地质矿产局第三水文地质工程地质队.中华人民共和国太原市灾害地质图(1∶100000)说明书.北京:中国地质图书馆,1987.
[2]山西省地质矿产局区域地质调查大队.中华人民共和国太原市地质构造图(1∶10000)说明书.北京:中国地质图书馆,1986.
[3]山西省地质矿产局第三水文地质工程地质队.中华人民共和国太原市工程地质图(1∶100000)说明书.北京:中国地质图书馆,1986.
[1]山西省地质矿产局区域地质调查队.中华人民共和国太原市地质图(1∶50000)说明书.北京:中国地质图书馆,1986.
[1]Yang S T.70%lithoid cultural-relics are damaged seriously in Chengde Summer Resort[EB/OL].2005-11-24,http:∥news.qq.com/a/20051124/000364.ht ml(in Chinese).
[2]efaw.Leshan Buddha is crying[EB/OL].2007-11-16,http:∥www.efaw.cn/ht ml/fzzb/20071116/J4IK8154.ht ml(in Chinese).
[3]efaw.Yungang grotto is seriously suffering from weathering[EB/OL].2007-12-31.http:∥www.efaw.cn/ht ml/fzzb/20071231/E2BE10547.ht ml(in Chinese).
[4]Mou H C,Yang Z F,Wu F Q.Study on engineering geome-chanics for preservation of rocky historical relics[M].Bei-jing:Seismological Press,2000(in Chinese).
[5]Fang Y,Deng C Q,Li H S.Environment geological prob-lems in prevention and cure of weathering diseases of carved stone relics[J].Geoscience,2001,15(4):458-461(in Chi-nese).
[6]He Y,Li Z Y.A study of geological disease analyses and renovation methods in Lingquan Temple Grotto of Henan,China[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2000,21(3):56-59(in Chinese).
[7]Mou H C.Rock movement and subsidence[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1992(in Chinese).
[8]Li Z Y,Zhang X G,Li HS.Astudy on the weathering dis-ease of stone cultural relics in Zhongxian,Sichuan[J].Earth Science—Journal of China University of Geosciences,1995,20(4):378-382(in Chinese).
[9]Guo X Y.Dazu rock carvings study series[M].Chongqing:Chongqing Press,1993(in Chinese).
[10]GB50021—2001Code for investigation geotechnical engineer-ing[S](in Chinese).
[11]GB50011—2001Code for seismic design of buildings[S](in Chinese).
[12]GB50218—94Standard for engineering classification of rock masses[S](in Chinese).
[13]Tao L J,Su S R,Zhang Z Y.Dynamic stability analysis of jointed rock slope[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2001,9(1):32-38(in Chinese).
[14]Qi S W,Wu F Q,Liu C L,et al.Engineering geology analy-sis on stability of slope under earthquake[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(16):2792-2797(in Chinese).
[15]Tian H.Analysis of factors influencing slope stability[J].Shanxi Water Resources,2004,6:63(in Chinese).
[16]He MC,Yao AJ,Lu C,et al.Study of mechanical function of underground water in slope rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1998,17(6):662-666(in Chinese).
[17]Griffiths V,Lane P A.Slope stability analysis by finite ele-ment[J].Geotechnique,1999,39(3):387-403.
[18]Ren Q W,Yu T T,Ma L Y.Numerical analysis and experi-ment study of stability for dam section No.3of the Three Gorges project[J].Engineering Science,1999,1(3):41-45(in Chinese).
[19]Ren Q W.The research progress of the rock mass fracture a-nalysis device[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(Suppl2):1303-1309(in Chinese).
[20]Zhao Y,Ren Q W.Stability analysis of high slope of perma-nent shiplockin the three gorges project[J].Journal of Ho-hai University:Natural Science Edition,1998,26(2):60-64(in Chinese).
[21]Zhang J X,Chen F Q.Discussions on soil slope stability a-nalysis by strength reduction using FEM[J].Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology:Natural Sci-ence Edition,2004,23(1):115-117(in Chinese).
[22]Ren Q W,Qian X D,Zhao Y.Methods for analyzing sliding resistance stability along the base surface of high arch dam[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2002,1(1):1-7(in Chinese).
[23]Zhang P W,Chen Z Y.Finite element analysis of slope sta-bility in Nuozhadu damdesign[J].Journal of China Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research,2003,1(3):207-210(in Chinese).
[24]Won J,You K,Jeong S,et al.Coupled effectsin stability a-nalysis of pile-slope systems[J].Computers and Geotechnics,2005,32:304-315.
[1]洋苏婷.承德避暑山庄70%石质文物损毁严重[EB/OL]2005-11-24,http:∥news.qq.com/a/20051124/000364.ht m
[2]e法网.乐山大佛在哭泣[EB/OL].2007-11-16,http:∥www.efaw.cn/ht ml/fzzb/20071116/J4IK8154.ht ml.
[3]e法网.云冈石窟遭遇风化危机[EB/OL].2007-12-31,http:∥www.efaw.cn/ht ml/fzzb/20071231/E2BE10547.ht ml.
[4]牟会宠,杨志法,伍法权.石质文物保护的工程地质力学研究[M].北京:地震出版社,2000.
[5]方云,邓长青,李宏松.石质文物风化病害防治的环境地质问题[J].现代地质,2001,15(4):458-461.
[6]何燕,李智毅.关于河南灵泉寺石窟地质病害及整治方法的研究[J].岩土力学,2000,21(3):56-59.
[7]牟会宠.岩移与塌陷[M].北京:地震出版社,1992.
[8]李智毅,张咸恭,李宏松.忠县地面石质文物的风化病害研究[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,1995,20(4):378-382.
[9]郭相颖.大足石刻研究文集[M].重庆:重庆出版社,1993.
[10]GB50021—2001岩土工程勘察规范[S].
[11]GB50011—2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].
[12]GB50218—94工程岩体分级标准[S].
[13]陶连金,苏生瑞,张倬元.节理边坡动力稳定性分析[J].工程地质学报,2001,9(1):32-38.
[14]祁生文,伍法权,刘春玲,等.地震边坡稳定性的工程地质分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(16):2792-2797.
[15]田华.影响边坡稳定的因素分析[J].山西水利,2004,6:63.
[16]何满潮,姚爱军,鹿粗,等.边坡岩体水力学作用的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(6):662-666.
[18]任青文,余天堂,马良筠.三峡大坝左厂3号坝段稳定性的数值分析和试验研究[J].中国工程科学,1999,1(3):41-45.
[19]任青文.岩体破坏分析方法的研究进展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(增刊2):1303-1309.
[20]赵引,任青文.三峡永久船闸高边坡的稳定分析[J].河海大学学报:自然科学版,1998,26(2):60-64.
[21]张建勋,陈福全.用强度折减有限元法分析土坡稳定问题[J].山东科技大学学报:自然科学版,2004,23(1):115-117.
[22]任青文,钱向东,赵引,等.高拱坝沿建基面抗滑稳定性的分析方法研究[J].水利学报,2002,1(1):1-7.
[23]张培文,陈祖煜.糯扎渡大坝设计边坡稳定的有限元分析[J].中国水利水电科学研究院学报,2003,1(3):207-210.
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