汶川大地震前电离层参量的变化特征与分析
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摘要
利用重庆,兰州,曲靖和拉萨的电离层测高仪数据和IGS全球TEC数据,分析2008年5月12日汶川大地震前电离层参量的变化特征,发现震前2～3天多个电离层参量均出现异常增强现象,且主要出现于震中以南区域.其中f_oF_1和f_oE于震前2天的正午在重庆出现最大约4.5%和9%的相对增加.f_oEs,h′F和h_mF_2出现多次异常增加,无明显规律性,h′F的异常增加主要出现在夜间.f_oF_2和TEC在震前2～3天的午后至日落时段出现显著的异常增强.TEC在南半球磁共轭区也出现异常增强,且随时间推移具有向磁赤道漂移的趋势.f_oF_2和TEC的震前异常现象很明显且具有独特规律性,作为地震电离层异常前兆参数是合适的.根据经验公式由电离层参量估算的可能与地震过程有关的F区异常电场的量级与Pulinets基于异常电场假说的理论模拟值一致.
The ionosonde data in Chongqing, Lanzhou, Qujing and Lhasa and the IGS TEC data are used to study the variation on some days before Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008.The results show that obvious enhancement appeared in several parameters and mainly in the south of the epicenter.The f_oF_1 and f_oE showed little abnormal increment and the maximal relative enhancement (4.5% and 9% respectively) occurred at Chongqing on May 10.The variation of f_oEs, h'F and f_mF_2 were irregular.The h F showed a bit enhancement mainly at night.The f_oF_2 and TEC showed abnormal enhancement from afternoon to sunset in two to three days ahead. The TEC enhancement also appeared in the magnetic conjugate area in the south hemisphere and drifted towards the magnetic equator.The equivalent electric field in F region estimated according to the experiential formula is coincident fairly well with the theoretically calculated one based on the abnormal electric field hypothesis by Pulinets.
The ionosonde data in Chongqing, Lanzhou, Qujing and Lhasa and the IGS TEC data are used to study the variation on some days before Wenchuan earthquake of May 12, 2008.The results show that obvious enhancement appeared in several parameters and mainly in the south of the epicenter.The f_oF_1 and f_oE showed little abnormal increment and the maximal relative enhancement (4.5% and 9% respectively) occurred at Chongqing on May 10.The variation of f_oEs, h'F and f_mF_2 were irregular.The h F showed a bit enhancement mainly at night.The f_oF_2 and TEC showed abnormal enhancement from afternoon to sunset in two to three days ahead. The TEC enhancement also appeared in the magnetic conjugate area in the south hemisphere and drifted towards the magnetic equator.The equivalent electric field in F region estimated according to the experiential formula is coincident fairly well with the theoretically calculated one based on the abnormal electric field hypothesis by Pulinets.
引文
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[ 3 ] Liu J Y, Chen Y I,Chuo Y J. A statistical investigation of pre-earthquake ionospheric anomaly. J. Geophys. Res. , 2006,111, A05304, 10． 1029/2005JA 011 333
[4 ] Silina A S, Liperovskaya E V, Liperovsky V A, et al. Ionospheric phenomena before strong earthquakes. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 2001,1 : 113～118
[5] 蔡军涛,赵国泽,詹 艳等.地震期间电离层扰动现象研究.地球物理学进展,2007,22(3) :695～701 Cai J T , Zhao G Z, Zhan Y, et al. The study on ionospheric disturbances during earthquakes. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2007, 22(3) :695～701
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[7] 祝芙英,吴云,林 剑等.汶川M_s8． 0地震前电离层TEC异常分析.大地测量与地球动力学,2008,28(6) :16～21 Zhu F Y ,Wu Y, Lin J, et al. Study on ionospheric TEC anomaly prior to Wenchuan M_s8． 0 earthquake. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics (in Chinese), 2008, 28(6) :16～21
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[9] 徐彤,吴健,吴振森等.汶川地震前电离层f_oF_2异常扰动分析.第八届海峡两岸空间/太空科学会议,黄山,P90,2008年9月1～5日 Xu T,Wu J, Wu Z S, et al. Analysis of ionospheric f_oF_2 abnormity before Wenchuan Earthquake. The 8~(th) Space Weather Scientific Meeting, Huangshan, September 1 ～ 5,2008
[10] 林剑,吴云,祝芙英等.基于GPS探测汶川地震电离层TEC的异常.地球物理学报,2009,52(1) :297～300 Lin J, Wu Y, Zhu F Y, et al. Wenchuan earthquake ionosphere TEC anomaly detected by GPS. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2009,52 ( 1 ) : 297 ～ 300
[11] 余涛,毛田,王云冈等.汶川特大地震前电离层主要参量变化.科学通报,2009,54(4) :493～499 Yu T, Mao T, Wang Y G, et al. Study of the ionospheric anomaly before the Wenchuan earthquake. Chinese Science Bulletin (in Chinese), 2009,54(4) :493～499
[12] 林元章.太阳物理导论.北京:科学出版社,2000 Lin Y Z, Introduction of Solar Physics. Beijing: Science Press, 2000
[13] Gonzalez W, Joselyn J, Kamide Y, et al, What is a geomagnetic storm? J. Geophys. Res. , 1994, 99(A4) : 5771～5792
[14] Zhao B Q, Wang M, Yu T, et al. Is an unusual large enhancement of ionospheric electron density linked with the 2008 great Wenchuan earthquake? J. Geophys. Res. , 2008, A11304, doi:10． 1029/2008JA013613
[15] Chuo Y J, Liu J Y, Kamogawa M, et al. The anomalies in the f_oEs prior to M≥6． 0 Taiwan earthquakes, Seismo Elect romagnetic: Lithosphere Atmosphere Ionosphere coupling. TERRAPUB, 2002, 309～312
[16] Dudeney J R. The accuracy of simple methods for determining the height of the maximum electron concentration of the F2-layer from scaled ionospheric characteristics. J. Atmos. Solar Terr. Phys. , 1983, 45:629～640
[17] LiuLB, LuanX L, WanWX, et al. A new approach to the derivation of dynamic information from ionosonde measurements. Ann. Geophys., 2003, 21(11) :2185～2191
[18] Liu L B, Wan W X, Zhang M L, et al. Case study on total electron content enhancements at low latitudes during low geomagnetic activities before the storms. Ann Geophys, 2008, 26:893～903
[19] Liu L B, Wan W X, Zhang M L, et al. Prestorm enhancements in NmF2 and total electron content at low latitudes. J Geophys Res, 2008, 113, A02311, doi: 10． 1029/2007JA012832
[ 2 ] Liu J Y, Chen Y I, Pulinets S A, et al. Seismo-ionosphere signatures prior to M≥ 6． 0 Taiwan earthquake. Geophys Res. Lett., 2000, 27:3113～3116
[ 3 ] Liu J Y, Chen Y I,Chuo Y J. A statistical investigation of pre-earthquake ionospheric anomaly. J. Geophys. Res. , 2006,111, A05304, 10． 1029/2005JA 011 333
[4 ] Silina A S, Liperovskaya E V, Liperovsky V A, et al. Ionospheric phenomena before strong earthquakes. Natural Hazards and Earth System Sciences, 2001,1 : 113～118
[5] 蔡军涛,赵国泽,詹 艳等.地震期间电离层扰动现象研究.地球物理学进展,2007,22(3) :695～701 Cai J T , Zhao G Z, Zhan Y, et al. The study on ionospheric disturbances during earthquakes. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2007, 22(3) :695～701
[6] 蔡军涛,陈小斌,赵国泽等.地震前兆:电离层F2层异常.地球物理学进展,2007,22(3) :720～728 Cai J T ,Chen X B, Zhao G Z, et al. Earthquake precursor:the anomalies in the ionospheric F2 region. Progress in Geophysics (in Chinese), 2007,22(3) : 720～728
[7] 祝芙英,吴云,林 剑等.汶川M_s8． 0地震前电离层TEC异常分析.大地测量与地球动力学,2008,28(6) :16～21 Zhu F Y ,Wu Y, Lin J, et al. Study on ionospheric TEC anomaly prior to Wenchuan M_s8． 0 earthquake. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics (in Chinese), 2008, 28(6) :16～21
[8] 熊晶,吴云,祝芙英等.汶川地震前电离层NmF2异常扰动.大地测量与地球动力学,2008,28(6) :22～26 Xiong J, Wu Y, Zhu F Y, et al. Anomalous disturbance of ionospheric NmF2 during Wenchuan earthquake. Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics (in Chinese), 2008, 28(6) :22～26
[9] 徐彤,吴健,吴振森等.汶川地震前电离层f_oF_2异常扰动分析.第八届海峡两岸空间/太空科学会议,黄山,P90,2008年9月1～5日 Xu T,Wu J, Wu Z S, et al. Analysis of ionospheric f_oF_2 abnormity before Wenchuan Earthquake. The 8~(th) Space Weather Scientific Meeting, Huangshan, September 1 ～ 5,2008
[10] 林剑,吴云,祝芙英等.基于GPS探测汶川地震电离层TEC的异常.地球物理学报,2009,52(1) :297～300 Lin J, Wu Y, Zhu F Y, et al. Wenchuan earthquake ionosphere TEC anomaly detected by GPS. Chinese J. Geophys. (in Chinese), 2009,52 ( 1 ) : 297 ～ 300
[11] 余涛,毛田,王云冈等.汶川特大地震前电离层主要参量变化.科学通报,2009,54(4) :493～499 Yu T, Mao T, Wang Y G, et al. Study of the ionospheric anomaly before the Wenchuan earthquake. Chinese Science Bulletin (in Chinese), 2009,54(4) :493～499
[12] 林元章.太阳物理导论.北京:科学出版社,2000 Lin Y Z, Introduction of Solar Physics. Beijing: Science Press, 2000
[13] Gonzalez W, Joselyn J, Kamide Y, et al, What is a geomagnetic storm? J. Geophys. Res. , 1994, 99(A4) : 5771～5792
[14] Zhao B Q, Wang M, Yu T, et al. Is an unusual large enhancement of ionospheric electron density linked with the 2008 great Wenchuan earthquake? J. Geophys. Res. , 2008, A11304, doi:10． 1029/2008JA013613
[15] Chuo Y J, Liu J Y, Kamogawa M, et al. The anomalies in the f_oEs prior to M≥6． 0 Taiwan earthquakes, Seismo Elect romagnetic: Lithosphere Atmosphere Ionosphere coupling. TERRAPUB, 2002, 309～312
[16] Dudeney J R. The accuracy of simple methods for determining the height of the maximum electron concentration of the F2-layer from scaled ionospheric characteristics. J. Atmos. Solar Terr. Phys. , 1983, 45:629～640
[17] LiuLB, LuanX L, WanWX, et al. A new approach to the derivation of dynamic information from ionosonde measurements. Ann. Geophys., 2003, 21(11) :2185～2191
[18] Liu L B, Wan W X, Zhang M L, et al. Case study on total electron content enhancements at low latitudes during low geomagnetic activities before the storms. Ann Geophys, 2008, 26:893～903
[19] Liu L B, Wan W X, Zhang M L, et al. Prestorm enhancements in NmF2 and total electron content at low latitudes. J Geophys Res, 2008, 113, A02311, doi: 10． 1029/2007JA012832
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