3GPa熔融盐固体介质高温高压三轴压力容器的温度标定
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摘要
由于新研制的3 GPa熔融盐固体介质高温高压三轴实验系统改进了高压容器的装样方式以及样品的尺寸,需要对新装置的压力容器进行温度标定,为此采用多个NiCr-NiSi热电偶,在围压为0.5 GPa时对样品内部和周围的温度分布进行了研究。实验结果表明,样品外侧相对于样品中心上1/3位置热电偶监测到的温度与其它位置监测到的温度之间具有良好的线性关系,它们之间的斜率大小可以直接反映出温度的高低。样品外侧相对于样品中心上1/3位置与下1/3位置监测温度基本相同,也可以作为实验控制温度;样品中心温度比样品外侧相对于样品中心上1/3位置和下1/3位置监测温度低4%;样品底部温度比样品中心温度低5%;样品内部相对于样品中心下1/4位置温度比样品中心低2%。样品的温度从中间向两端对称式递减,在样品尺寸范围内,样品的垂直温度梯度恒定(900℃为16℃/mm)。本设备样品温度分布和温度控制精度与国际同类型实验设备相类似,达到了国际同类设备的水平。
A triaxial deformation apparatus with 3 GPa molten salt medium pressure vessel was developed to study the mechanical behavior of the rock under high temperature and ultra-high pressure.It is based on the conventional Griggs design and the molten salt cell concept is after the concept of Green and Borch(1989) and Rybacki et al(1998).The pressure vessel is improved with respect to systems described previously by the use of different salt mixtures with low eutectic temperatures,and by a mechanically stable arrangement of the thermocouples.In this study,we focus on the temperatures distribution around the sample under confined pressure of 500 MPa.The experimental results show that there is a good linear correlation between temperatures monitored by the upper thermocouple(at the upper 1/3 position of the sample center,outside the sample) and others.Based on the linear slopes,we can identify temperature difference in positions of sample.The temperature difference between the upper and the lower thermocouple(at the lower 1/3 positon of the sample center,outside the sample) is so small that both of them can be used as temperature controller for the heating system.The temperature in the center of the sample is by 4% lower than the ones monitored by the upper thermocouple.The temperature in the bottom of the sample is by 5% lower than that in the center of the sample.The temperature in the lower quarter of the sample is by 2% lower than that in the center of the sample.The temperature distribution in the sample show that vertical temperature gradient in the sample is constant(16 ℃/mm at 900 ℃).The temperature controlling resolution and temperature distribution in the pressure vessel are similar to the same type apparatuses in other laboratories of the world.
A triaxial deformation apparatus with 3 GPa molten salt medium pressure vessel was developed to study the mechanical behavior of the rock under high temperature and ultra-high pressure.It is based on the conventional Griggs design and the molten salt cell concept is after the concept of Green and Borch(1989) and Rybacki et al(1998).The pressure vessel is improved with respect to systems described previously by the use of different salt mixtures with low eutectic temperatures,and by a mechanically stable arrangement of the thermocouples.In this study,we focus on the temperatures distribution around the sample under confined pressure of 500 MPa.The experimental results show that there is a good linear correlation between temperatures monitored by the upper thermocouple(at the upper 1/3 position of the sample center,outside the sample) and others.Based on the linear slopes,we can identify temperature difference in positions of sample.The temperature difference between the upper and the lower thermocouple(at the lower 1/3 positon of the sample center,outside the sample) is so small that both of them can be used as temperature controller for the heating system.The temperature in the center of the sample is by 4% lower than the ones monitored by the upper thermocouple.The temperature in the bottom of the sample is by 5% lower than that in the center of the sample.The temperature in the lower quarter of the sample is by 2% lower than that in the center of the sample.The temperature distribution in the sample show that vertical temperature gradient in the sample is constant(16 ℃/mm at 900 ℃).The temperature controlling resolution and temperature distribution in the pressure vessel are similar to the same type apparatuses in other laboratories of the world.
引文
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[9]Dang J X,Zhou YS,He C R.Pressure Calibrationfor the Solid Medium Vessel of Piston-Cylinder Apparatus underHigh Pressure and High Temperature[J].Seismology and Geology,2007,29(1):133-143.(in Chinese)党嘉祥,周永胜,何昌荣.活塞-圆桶式固体介质高温高压实验容器的压力标定方法[J].地震地质,2007,29(1):133-143.
[10]Dang J X,Zhou Y S,He C R,et al.The Method of Confined Pressure Calibration for Rock Rheometer under HighTemperature and High Pressure[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(3):287-291.(in Chinese)党嘉祥,周永胜,何昌荣,等.高温高压岩石流变仪的围压标定方法[J].地学前缘,2008,15(3):287-291.
[11]Nelson D.Finite Element Analysis of the Temperature Distribution within a Griggs Apparatus Sample Assembly(Abst)[J].EOS,Trans Am Geophys Union,1977,58:513.
[12]Kirby S H,Kronenberg A K.Deformation of Clinopyroxenite:Evidence for Transition in Flow Mechanisms andSemibrittle Behavior[J].J Geophys Res,1984,89(5):3177-3192.
[13]Leistner H.Temperaturgradienten-Messungen in Piston-Zylinder Pressen[J].Fortschr Mineral,1979,57(1):81-82.
[14]Cemic L,Geiger C A,Hoyer W W,et al.Piston-CylinderTechniques:Pressure and Temperature Calibration of a Py-rophyllite-Based Assembly by Means of DTA Measurements,a Salt-Based Assembly,and a Cold Sealing SampleEncapsulation Method[J].NJb Miner Mh,1990,H2:49-64.
[2]Kronenberg A,Kirby S.Probing the Earth s Strength:Can We Measure Small Stress at High Pressure?[J].EOS,Trans Amer Geophys Union,1992,72:453-454.
[3]Griggs D T.Hydrolytic Weakening of Quartz and Other Silicates,Geophys[J].J R Astr Soc,1967,14:19-31.
[4]Green H W,Borch R S.A New Molten Salt Cell for Precision Stress Measurements at High Pressure[J].Eur JMineral,1989,1:213-219.
[5]Green H W,Borch R S.High Pressure and Temperature Deformation Experi ments in a Liquid Confining Medium[J].Am Geophys Union,Geophys Monogr,1990,56:195-200.
[6]Gleason G C,Tullis J.I mproving Flow Laws and Piezometers for Quartz and Feldspar Aggregates[J].GeophysRes Lett,1993,20:2111-2114.
[7]Tingle T N,Green H W,Young T E,et al.I mprovements to Griggs-Type Apparatus for Mechanical Testing atHigh Pressures and Temperatures[J].Pure Appl Geophys,1993,141:523-543.
[8]Rybacki E,Renner J,Konrad K,et al.A Servohydraulically-Controlled Deformation Apparatus for Rock Deforma-tion under Conditions of Ultra-High Pressure Metamorphism[J].Pure Appl Geophys,1998,152:579-606.
[9]Dang J X,Zhou YS,He C R.Pressure Calibrationfor the Solid Medium Vessel of Piston-Cylinder Apparatus underHigh Pressure and High Temperature[J].Seismology and Geology,2007,29(1):133-143.(in Chinese)党嘉祥,周永胜,何昌荣.活塞-圆桶式固体介质高温高压实验容器的压力标定方法[J].地震地质,2007,29(1):133-143.
[10]Dang J X,Zhou Y S,He C R,et al.The Method of Confined Pressure Calibration for Rock Rheometer under HighTemperature and High Pressure[J].Earth Science Frontiers,2008,15(3):287-291.(in Chinese)党嘉祥,周永胜,何昌荣,等.高温高压岩石流变仪的围压标定方法[J].地学前缘,2008,15(3):287-291.
[11]Nelson D.Finite Element Analysis of the Temperature Distribution within a Griggs Apparatus Sample Assembly(Abst)[J].EOS,Trans Am Geophys Union,1977,58:513.
[12]Kirby S H,Kronenberg A K.Deformation of Clinopyroxenite:Evidence for Transition in Flow Mechanisms andSemibrittle Behavior[J].J Geophys Res,1984,89(5):3177-3192.
[13]Leistner H.Temperaturgradienten-Messungen in Piston-Zylinder Pressen[J].Fortschr Mineral,1979,57(1):81-82.
[14]Cemic L,Geiger C A,Hoyer W W,et al.Piston-CylinderTechniques:Pressure and Temperature Calibration of a Py-rophyllite-Based Assembly by Means of DTA Measurements,a Salt-Based Assembly,and a Cold Sealing SampleEncapsulation Method[J].NJb Miner Mh,1990,H2:49-64.
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