堰塞湖应急处置实践与认识
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摘要
堰塞湖是由于山体滑坡、崩塌、泥石流等堵塞河道形成的没有经过专门设计、没有专门的泄水设施的湖泊,一旦溃决,容易给下游造成巨大的灾难。分析了堰塞湖的成因、溃决机理与风险判断,提出堰塞湖应急处置的原则、理念、阶段与处置方法,总结了堰塞湖应急处置中的一些经验和认识。以四川省汶川特大地震形成的堰塞湖应急处置为例,从可能溃决方式、溃坝洪水、应急除险总体方案、开渠引流方案和除险效果等方面,介绍了唐家山堰塞湖的应急处置实践,并简要介绍了其它一些堰塞湖应急处置。
A landslide lake is formed by watercourse blocking. It is a lake without any specialized designs as well as specific flood discharge facilities. If the dam was to burst,massive hazards would be posed. The experiences and cognition for emergency disposal of landslide lake are summarized. The formation cause,burst mechanism and landslide lake risk evaluation are analyzed. The disposal principle,concept,stage and approaches to addressing the issues are then brought forward. Taking the emergency disposal of landslide lakes due to the Wenchuan earthquake as an example,the disposal practice for the Tangjiashan landslide lake is introduced,including the dam burst mode,dam outburst flood,overall program for emergency risk mitigation,diversion channel scheme and risk elimination. Finally,other practices for emergency disposal of landslide lake are briefly introduced,which could give references on the subject.
A landslide lake is formed by watercourse blocking. It is a lake without any specialized designs as well as specific flood discharge facilities. If the dam was to burst,massive hazards would be posed. The experiences and cognition for emergency disposal of landslide lake are summarized. The formation cause,burst mechanism and landslide lake risk evaluation are analyzed. The disposal principle,concept,stage and approaches to addressing the issues are then brought forward. Taking the emergency disposal of landslide lakes due to the Wenchuan earthquake as an example,the disposal practice for the Tangjiashan landslide lake is introduced,including the dam burst mode,dam outburst flood,overall program for emergency risk mitigation,diversion channel scheme and risk elimination. Finally,other practices for emergency disposal of landslide lake are briefly introduced,which could give references on the subject.
引文
[1]魏迎奇.堰塞湖灾变特征及应急处理技术[J].中国水利,2008(11):37-39.(WEI Ying-qi.Cataclysm feature of dammed lake and emergency treatment technology[J].China Water Resources,2008(11):37-39.(in Chinese))
[2]刘宁.巨型滑坡堵江堰塞湖处置的技术认知[J].中国水利,2008(16):1-7.(LIU Ning.Technologies of dammed lake treat-ment caused by large-scale landslide[J].China Water Resources,2008(16):1-7.(in Chinese)).
[3]刘宁,杨启贵.唐家山堰塞湖应急除险技术实践[J].中国工程科学,2009,11(6):74.(LIU Ning,YANG Qi-gui.The emer-gency handling technique and practice of Tangjiashan barrier lake[J].Engineering Science,2009,11(6):74.(in Chinese)).
[4]刘宁,张建新,林伟,等.汶川地震唐家山堰塞引流除险工程及溃坝洪水演进过程[J].中国科学E辑:技术科学,2009,39(8):1359-1366.(LIU Ning,ZHANG Jian-xin,LIN Wei,et al.Draining Tangjiashan barrier lake after Wenchuan earthquake and the flood propagation after the dam break[J].Sci China Ser:E-Tech Sci,2009,52(4):801-809.doi:10.1007/s11431-009-0118-0.(in Chinese))
[5]刘宁.唐家山堰塞湖应急处置与减灾管理工程[J].中国工程科学,2008,10(12):67-72.(LIU Ning.The emergency han-dling of Tangjiashan barrier lake and disaster reduction management project[J].Engineering Science,2008,10(12):67-72.(in Chi-nese))
[2]刘宁.巨型滑坡堵江堰塞湖处置的技术认知[J].中国水利,2008(16):1-7.(LIU Ning.Technologies of dammed lake treat-ment caused by large-scale landslide[J].China Water Resources,2008(16):1-7.(in Chinese)).
[3]刘宁,杨启贵.唐家山堰塞湖应急除险技术实践[J].中国工程科学,2009,11(6):74.(LIU Ning,YANG Qi-gui.The emer-gency handling technique and practice of Tangjiashan barrier lake[J].Engineering Science,2009,11(6):74.(in Chinese)).
[4]刘宁,张建新,林伟,等.汶川地震唐家山堰塞引流除险工程及溃坝洪水演进过程[J].中国科学E辑:技术科学,2009,39(8):1359-1366.(LIU Ning,ZHANG Jian-xin,LIN Wei,et al.Draining Tangjiashan barrier lake after Wenchuan earthquake and the flood propagation after the dam break[J].Sci China Ser:E-Tech Sci,2009,52(4):801-809.doi:10.1007/s11431-009-0118-0.(in Chinese))
[5]刘宁.唐家山堰塞湖应急处置与减灾管理工程[J].中国工程科学,2008,10(12):67-72.(LIU Ning.The emergency han-dling of Tangjiashan barrier lake and disaster reduction management project[J].Engineering Science,2008,10(12):67-72.(in Chi-nese))
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