网壳结构寿命周期总费用的计算方法研究
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摘要
现代结构系统在灾害中产生巨大经济损失的特点,使人们意识到在结构设计之初就对结构的寿命周期总费用进行有效评估、并反过来指导工程设计具有重要意义。对网壳结构寿命周期总费用的计算方法进行研究,分别提出初始造价、维护费用和失效损失的计算公式,并考虑寿命周期内网壳结构可能受到的荷载发生的概率,建立寿命周期总费用的计算方法,编制网壳结构寿命周期总费用的计算程序。通过一具体的网壳结构工程算例验证上述方法和程序的有效性。研究结果表明,网壳结构初始造价的追加投资会由于结构使用过程中失效损失费用的减小而得到补偿,而寿命周期总费用最小正是结构设计的最优状态,按照现行规范设计方法得到的结构配置方案不一定是寿命周期总费用最小的方案。
The huge losses of modern structural systems caused by disasters have confirmed the necessity of evaluating the life-cycle cost in structural design and guiding the construction.The calculation method of life-cycle cost of latticed shell structures is studied.The formula for initial building cost,maintenance cost and loss cost is proposed,and the formula for life-cycle cost is formulated considering the occurrence probability of load in the life-cycle of latticed shell structures.The validity of the calculation method and procedure is tested,and the results show that the added invest in the initial building cost of latticed shell structures will be compensated by decrease of loss cost in structure life,and that the minimum of life-cycle loss is the optimum state of structure design.
The huge losses of modern structural systems caused by disasters have confirmed the necessity of evaluating the life-cycle cost in structural design and guiding the construction.The calculation method of life-cycle cost of latticed shell structures is studied.The formula for initial building cost,maintenance cost and loss cost is proposed,and the formula for life-cycle cost is formulated considering the occurrence probability of load in the life-cycle of latticed shell structures.The validity of the calculation method and procedure is tested,and the results show that the added invest in the initial building cost of latticed shell structures will be compensated by decrease of loss cost in structure life,and that the minimum of life-cycle loss is the optimum state of structure design.
引文
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[2]Wen Y K.Minimum lifecycle cost design under multiplehazards[J].Reliability Engineering and System Safety,2001,73(3):223-231
[3]王光远.工程软设计理论[M].北京:科学出版社,1992(Wang Guangyuan.Theory of soft design in engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,1992(in Chinese))
[4]李刚,程耿东.基于性能的结构抗震设计——理论、方法与应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2004
[5]蓝天.中国空间结构的60年[J].建筑结构,2009,39(9):25-27(Lan Tian.Sixty years of spatial structures inChina[J].Building Structure,2009,39(9):25-27(inChinese))
[6]刘锡良,董石麟.20年来中国空间结构形式创新[C]//第十届空间结构学术会议论文集.北京:中国土木工程学会,2002:13-37
[7]沈世钊.大跨空间结构理论研究若干新进展[C]//第十一届空间结构学术会议论文集.北京:中国土木工程学会,2005:26-40
[8]董石麟,罗尧治,赵阳.大跨度空间结构的工程实践与学科发展[J].空间结构,2005,11(4):3-10(DongShilin,Luo Yaozhi,Zhao Yang.Practical application andresearch advances of long-span space structures[J].SpatialStructures,2005,11(4):3-10(in Chinese))
[9]Kanda J,Shah H.Engineering role in failure cost evaluationfor buildings[J].Structural Safety,1997,19(1):79-90
[10]杨莉.中小型体育馆建筑投资估算分析[J].哈尔滨建筑大学学报,2000,33(3):85-89(Yang Li.Investmentappraised price analysis of gymnasiums[J].Journal ofHarbin University of Civil Engineering and Architecture,2000,33(3):85-89(in Chinese))
[11]滕海文,霍达,马建春.在役抗震结构的最小费用维修策略优化方法[J].北京工业大学学报,2003,29(3):325-327(Teng Haiwen,Huo Da,Ma Jianchun.Optimizationmethod of maintenance strategy for existing aseismaticstructure based on minimal maintenance expenses[J].Journal of Beijing University of Technology,2003,29(3):325-327(in Chinese))
[12]Ellingwood B R,Mori Y.Reliability-based service lifeassessment of concrete structures in nuclear power plants:optimum inspection and repair[J].Nuclear Engineeringand Design,1997,175(3):247-258
[13]Lukic M,Cremona C.Probabilistic optimization of weldedjoints maintenance versus fatigue and fracture[J].Reliability Engineering and System Safety,2001,72(3):253-264
[14]Wen Y K.Reliability and performance-based design[J].Structural Safety,2001,23(4):407-428
[15]Aktas E,Moses F,Ghosn M.Cost and safety optimizationof structural design specifications[J].ReliabilityEngineering and System Safety,2001,73(3):205-212
[16]Ang AHS,Lee J C.Cost optimal design of R/C buildings[J].Reliability Engineering and System Safety,2001,73(3):233-238
[17]高小旺,李荷,肖伟,等.工程抗震设防标准若干问题的探讨[J].土木工程学报,1997,30(6):52-59(GaoXiaowang,Li He,Xiao Wei,et al.Discussion on severalproblems of engineering aseismic level[J].China CivilEngineering Journal,1997,30(6):52-59(in Chinese))
[18]Bird J F,Bommer J J,Crowley H,et al.Modellingliquefaction-induced building damage in earthquake lossestimation[J].Soil Dynamics and EarthquakeEngineering,2006,26(1):15-30
[19]GB 50223—2008建筑工程抗震设防分类标准[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008(GB 50223—2008Standard for classification of seismic protection of buildingconstructions[S].Beijing:China Architecture&BuildingPress,2008(in Chinese))
[20]高小旺,李荷,王菁,等.不同重要性建筑抗震设防标准的探讨[J].建筑科学,1999,15(2):11-16(GaoXiaowang,Li He,Wang Jing,et al.Anti-seismic levels forbuildings of various importance[J].Building Science,1999,15(2):11-16(in Chinese))
[21]黄渝祥,杨宗跃,邵颖红.灾害间接经济损失的计量[J].灾害学,1994,9(3):7-11(Huang Yuxiang,YangZongyue,Shao Yinghong.The measurement of indirect costof disaster damage[J].Journal of Catastrophology,1994,9(3):7-11(in Chinese))
[22]侯民忠.地震区人员伤亡计算方法初探[J].工程抗震,1992(4):30-33
[23]杜文风.基于性能的空间网壳结构设计理论研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2007(Du Wenfeng.Research onperformance-based design theory of spatial latticed shellstructures[D].Hangzhou:Zhejiang University,2007(inChinese))
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