新疆坝工技术进展
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摘要
新疆有大小河流570余条,97%的河川径流形成于山区。因此,山区水库大坝建设是开发水能资源、实现水资源合理配置与有效调控的重要措施。自20世纪90年代以来,新疆的水库建设已从平原水库转入山区水库建设,筑坝材料也在当地材料坝的基础上不断改进,碾压混凝土坝、混凝土面板砂砾石堆石坝、沥青混凝土心墙堆石坝、土工膜防渗堆石坝等坝型不断涌现。结合新疆坝工建设,系统地总结了坝工技术特点和取得的主要技术创新成果,研究认为:以黏土心墙堆石坝为基础坝型,以混凝土面板砂砾石堆石坝和沥青混凝土心墙堆石坝为主要发展方向,在高寒地区、高地震区、深厚覆盖层等特殊环境和各种不良地质条件下的筑坝技术,是新疆坝工建设的显著特点。努力在坝工设计、坝基处理、施工工艺和建筑材料等关键技术取得不断进步和创新,对于提高大坝建设和运行管理的技术经济水平、安全可靠性能具有非常重要的促进作用。
There are over 570 rivers are in Xinjiang and 97% of them originate from mountains.Dam construction in mountainous area is an effective measure to control and regulate rational allocation of water resources.Since the 1990s,the dam construction in Xinjiang has shifted from the plain area to the mountainous one,and dam materials are also improved on the basis of local materials.There appear roller compaction concrete dams,concrete faced sandy gravel and rock dams,asphalt concrete core rock-fill dams,rock-fill dams by anti-seepage geomembrane and so on.The characteristics of dam construction techniques in Xinjiang are summarized.The main inventions and innovations are reviewed.According to the history of dam construction in Xinjiang,it is concluded that the characteristics of dam construction techniques in Xinjiang is the clay core rock-fill dam as the basic dam type,and the concrete faced sandy gravel and rock dam and asphalt concrete core rock-fill dam as the main direction of development in the area of special environment and unfavorable geological conditions such as severe cold area,high seismic area,deep overburden layer.Efforts of improvement and innovation on key techniques,including dam design,basement treatment,construction technology and construction materials,will improve the construction techniques,operation management and dam safety.
There are over 570 rivers are in Xinjiang and 97% of them originate from mountains.Dam construction in mountainous area is an effective measure to control and regulate rational allocation of water resources.Since the 1990s,the dam construction in Xinjiang has shifted from the plain area to the mountainous one,and dam materials are also improved on the basis of local materials.There appear roller compaction concrete dams,concrete faced sandy gravel and rock dams,asphalt concrete core rock-fill dams,rock-fill dams by anti-seepage geomembrane and so on.The characteristics of dam construction techniques in Xinjiang are summarized.The main inventions and innovations are reviewed.According to the history of dam construction in Xinjiang,it is concluded that the characteristics of dam construction techniques in Xinjiang is the clay core rock-fill dam as the basic dam type,and the concrete faced sandy gravel and rock dam and asphalt concrete core rock-fill dam as the main direction of development in the area of special environment and unfavorable geological conditions such as severe cold area,high seismic area,deep overburden layer.Efforts of improvement and innovation on key techniques,including dam design,basement treatment,construction technology and construction materials,will improve the construction techniques,operation management and dam safety.
引文
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[10]邓铭江,周小兵,万金平,等.“635”水利枢纽大坝心墙防渗土料分散性[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(6):673–677.(DENG Ming-jiang,ZHOU Xiao-bing,WAN Jin-ping,et al.Dispersion appraisal and modification analyses of the impervious soil materials for the core wall of the dam of“635”water control project[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2000,22(6):673–677.(in Chinese))
[11]陈生水,凤家骥,袁辉.砂砾石面板坝关键技术研究[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(1):16–20.(CHEN Sheng-shui,FENG Jia-ji,YUAN Hui.Research on key techniques of facing sandy gravel dam[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2004,26(1):16–20.(in Chinese))
[12]汪洋,曲苓.乌鲁瓦提砂砾石面板高坝渗流控制的设计[J].水利水电技术,2000,31(1):66–70.(WANG Yang,QU Ling.Seepage control design for wuluwati dam[J].Water Resources and Hydropower Engineering,2000,31(1):66–70.(in Chinese))
[13]彭卫军,范金勇.吉林台一级水电站混凝土面板砂砾石一堆石坝坝体抗震设计[J].水力发电,2006,32(6):26–28.(PENG Wei-jun,FAN Jin-yong.The seismic design of the CF dam of Jilintai-Ⅰhydropower station[J].Water Power,2006,32(6):26–28.(in Chinese))
[14]唐懿.吉林台一级水电站面板堆石坝混凝土面板施工[J].水力发电,2006,32(6):40–43.(TANG Yi.Construction of concrete faced rock-fill dam of Jilintai-Ⅰhydropower station[J].Water Power,2006,32(6):40–43.(in Chinese))
[15]唐新军,凤炜,凤家骥,等.榆树沟水库枢纽工程的设计特点与运行情况[J].新疆农业大学学报,2004,27(2):52–56.(TANG Xin-jun,FENG Wei,FENG Jia-ji,et al.Design character and circulation situation of yushugou reservoir pivot project[J].Journal of Xinjiang Agricultural University,2004,27(2):52–56.(in Chinese))
[16]鲁一晖,郝巨涛,赵波,等.吉林台电站混凝土面板坝周边缝自愈型止水结构[J].水力发电,2005,31(1):42–54.(LU Yi-hui,HAO Ju-tao,ZHAO Bo,et al.Research on self-healing waterstop of perimeter joint of Jilintai-I CFRD[J].Water power2005,31(1):42–54.(in Chinese))
[17]朱晟,闻世强.当代沥青混凝土心墙坝的进展[J].人民长江,2004,35(9):9–11.(ZHU Sheng,WEN Shi-qiang.Present-day progress of asphalt concrete core wall dam[J].Yangtze River,2004,35(9):9–11.(in Chinese))
[18]郝巨涛,刘增宏.水工沥青混凝土防渗技术.In:中国大坝委员会.中国大坝技术发展水平与工程实例[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2007,12:186–192.(HAO Ju-tao,LIU Zeng-hong.Anti-seepage technique for asphalt concrete in hydraulic engineering:China Hydropower Commission.China Hydropower technique and its engineering cases[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2007,12:186–192.(in Chinese))
[19]M.邓斯坦.2008年世界RCC坝纵览[J].水利水电快报,2009,30(6):23–25.(DENGSITAN M.2008 World prospectives of RCC dams[J].Express Water Resources&Hydropower Information,2009,30(6):23–25.(in Chinese))
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