含孔洞岩石试样三维破裂过程的并行计算分析
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摘要
岩石破裂过程中裂纹的萌生、扩展、贯通和相互作用都呈空间三维分布,采用三维数值模拟才能更真实地模拟岩石的破裂过程。基于东北大学的大规模并行计算环境,利用RFPA3D-Parallel程序进行了含孔岩石试样在单轴、双轴和三轴加载条件下破裂过程的数值模拟。数值模拟表明:①数值模拟再现了单轴载荷作用下孔洞周边裂纹区的分布规律,这证实了数值模拟程序的正确性;②在双轴压缩载荷作用下,试样的承载能力的提高非常有限,含孔试样的破裂模式为劈裂破裂,破裂面大致平行于加载平面;③在三轴压缩条件下,试样的承载能力大幅度提高,试样的破裂模式与最大主应力的作用方向有关,在平行于孔轴的高压应力和侧向约束条件下孔周围岩才会发生分区破裂。
The initiation,propagation and coalescence of cracks during rock failure are always in three-dimensional distribution,so the three-dimensional simulation would be more helpful in capturing the three-dimensional failure process of rock.In this paper,firstly,under the parallel computing environment in Northeastern University of China,a numerical code capable for simulating three-dimensional failure process of rock,RFPA3D-Parallel code,is used to simulate the failure process of rock specimen with a pre-existing circular opening under uniaxial,biaxial and triaxial loading conditions.The numerical simulations indicate that:(1) the cracking patterns around the opening under uniaxial compression are well predicted,validating the capability of RFPA3D-Parallel in simulating the cracking zone around the opening;(2) under the biaxial compression the failure surface parallel to the loading plane is observed;(3) the complex failure patterns under the combination of triaxial loading conditions are numerically simulated,and the zonal disintegration around the opening can be captured when the rock specimen is highly compressed in the direction of the axis of hole and is confined in other two directions.
The initiation,propagation and coalescence of cracks during rock failure are always in three-dimensional distribution,so the three-dimensional simulation would be more helpful in capturing the three-dimensional failure process of rock.In this paper,firstly,under the parallel computing environment in Northeastern University of China,a numerical code capable for simulating three-dimensional failure process of rock,RFPA3D-Parallel code,is used to simulate the failure process of rock specimen with a pre-existing circular opening under uniaxial,biaxial and triaxial loading conditions.The numerical simulations indicate that:(1) the cracking patterns around the opening under uniaxial compression are well predicted,validating the capability of RFPA3D-Parallel in simulating the cracking zone around the opening;(2) under the biaxial compression the failure surface parallel to the loading plane is observed;(3) the complex failure patterns under the combination of triaxial loading conditions are numerically simulated,and the zonal disintegration around the opening can be captured when the rock specimen is highly compressed in the direction of the axis of hole and is confined in other two directions.
引文
[1]赵忠虎,鲁睿,张国庆.岩石失稳破裂的能量原理分析[J].金属矿山,2006,10:17–20.(ZHAO Zhong-hu,LU Rui,ZHANG Guo-qing.Analysis of energy principles in Rock destabilization and fracture[J].Metal Mine,2006,10:17–20.(in Chinese))
[2]刘成学,杨林德,曹文贵.岩石统计损伤软化本构模型及其参数反演[J].地下空间与工程学报,2007,3(3):453–457.(LIU Cheng-xue,YANG Lin-de,CAO Wen-gui.A statistical damage softening constitutive model for rock and back analysis of its parameters[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2007,3(3):453–457.(in Chinese))
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[5]魏光兴,金安忠,刁守中,等.日本的岩石破裂实验与地震预报[J].国际地震动态,1992,7:6–8.(WEI Guan-gxing,JIN An-zhong,DIAO Shou-zhong,et al.Rock fracture experiment and earthquake prediction in Japan[J].Recent Development in World Seismology,1992,7:6–8.(in Chinese))
[6]许昭永,梅世蓉,庄灿涛,等.真三轴压机刚度对岩石破裂声发射的影响及与地震活动性的联系[J].地震学报,1991,13(2):223–233.(XU Zhao-yong,MEI Shi-rong,ZHUANG Can-tao,et al.The influence of stiffness of the true triaxial testing machine on the rupturing and acoustic emission of rocks and its correlation with seismic activities[J].Acta Seismlogca Sinica,1991,13(2):223–233.(in Chinese))
[7]王立凤,王继军,陈小斌,等.岩石破裂电磁辐射(EMR)现象实验研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):715–719.(WANG Li-feng,WANG Ji-jun,CHEN Xiao-bin,et al.Experimental and theoretical investigations of electromagnetic radiation induced by rock fracture[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(3):715–719.(in Chinese))
[8]吴立新,刘善军,吴育华,等.遥感-岩石力学(I)——非连续组合断层破裂的热红外辐射规律及其构造地震前兆意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(1):24–30.(WU Li-xin,LIU Shan-jun,WU Yu-hua,et al.Remote sensing-rock mechanics(I)-laws of thermal infrared radiation from fractureing of discontinous jointed faults and its meanings for tectonic earthquake omens[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(4):24–30.(in Chinese))
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[10]焦玉勇,张秀丽,刘泉声,等.用非连续变形分析方法模拟岩石裂纹扩展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(4):682–691.(JIAO Yu-yong,ZHANG Xiu-li,LIU Quan-sheng,et al.Simulation of rock crack propagation using discontinuous deformation analysis method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(4):682–691.(in Chinese))
[11]刘红岩,王新生,秦四清,等.岩石边坡裂隙渗流的流形元模拟[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(1):53–58.(LIU Hong-yan,WANG Xin-sheng,QIN Si-qing,et al.Numerical simulation of crack seepage in rock slope with manifold method[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(1):53–58.(in Chinese))
[12]张振南,葛修润.基于VMIB的非均质岩石材料破坏的数值模拟初探[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(7):1426–1431.(ZHANG Zhen-nan,GE Xiu-run.Primary research on numerical simulation of heterogeneous rock failure based on virtual multi-dimensional internal bonds(VMIB)[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(7):1426–1431.(in Chinese))
[13]ZHU W C,BRUHNS O T.Simulating excavation damaged zone around a circular opening under hydromechanical conditions[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2008,45:815–830.
[14]朱万成,唐春安,黄志平,等.静态和动态载荷作用下岩石劈裂破坏模式的数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(1):2–7.(ZHU Wan-cheng,TANG Chun-an,HUANG Zhi-ping,et al.Numerical simulation on splitting failure mode of rock under static and dynamic loadings[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(1):2–7.(in Chinese))
[15]张永彬,唐春安,张怀,等.岩石破裂过程分析系统中的应力并行求解[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(3):479–483.(ZHANG Yong-bin,TANG Chun-an,ZHANG Hu,et al.Stress parallel computing in rock failure progress analysis system[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(3):479–483.(in Chinese))
[16]张永彬,唐春安,梁正召,等.岩石破裂过程分析系统并行计算方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(9):1795–1801.(ZHANG Yong-bin,TANG Chun-an,LIANG Zheng-zhao,et al.Research on parallel computational method of rock failure process analysis system[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(9):1795–1801.(in Chinese))
[17]梁正召.三维条件下的岩石破裂过程分析及其数值试验方法研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,2005.(LIANG Zheng-zhao.Three-dimensional failure process analysis of rock and associated numerical tests[D].Shenyang:Northeastern University,2005.(in Chinese))
[18]梁正召,唐春安,张永彬,等.岩石三维破裂过程分析软件开发及应用[J].力学与实践,2007,29(1):83–86.(LIANG Zheng-zhao,TANG Chun-an,ZHANG Yong-bin,et al..The exploitation and application of 3D numerical simulation analysis system for rock failure process[J].Mechanics in Engineering,2006,25(9):1795–1801.(in Chinese))
[19]梁正召,唐春安,张永彬,等.岩石三维破裂过程的数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(5):931–936.(LIANG Zheng-zhao,TANG Chun-an,ZHANG Yong-bin,et al.3D numerical simulation of failure process of rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(5):931–936.(in Chinese))
[20]CARTER B J,LAJTAI E Z,PETUKHOV A.Primary and remote fracture around underground cavities[J].Int J Numer Anal Methods Geomech,1991,15(1):21–40.
[21]SHEMYAKIN E I,FISENKO G L,KURLENYA M V,et al.Zonal disintegration of rocks around underground workings,part I:data of in-situ observations[J].Journal of Mining Science,1986,22(3):157–168.
[22]SHEMYAKIN E I,FISENKO G L,KURLENYA M V,et al.Zonal disintegration of rocks around underground workings,part II:rock fracture simulated in equivalent materials[J].Journal of Mining Science,1986,22(4):223–232.
[23]SHEMYAKIN E I,FISENKO G L,KURLENYA M V,et al.Zonal disintegration of rocks around underground workings,part III:theoretical concepts[J].Journal of Mining Science,1987,23(1):1–6.
[24]SHEMYAKIN E I,KURLENYA M V,OPARIN V N,et al.Zonal disintegration of rocks around underground workings,part IV:practical applications[J].Journal of Mining Science,1989,25(4):297–302.
[25]ADAMS C R,JAGER A J.Petroscopic observations of rock fracturing ahead of stope faces in deep-level gold mines[J].Journal of South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,1980,80(6):04–209.
[26]方祖烈.软岩巷道维护原理与控制措施[M]//何满潮.中国煤矿软岩巷道支护理论与实践.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1996:64–70.(FANG Zu-lie.Support principles for roadway in soft rock and its controlling measures[M]//HE Man-chao.Soft Rock Tunnel Support in Chinese Mines:Theory and Practice.Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,1996:64–70.(in Chinese))
[27]刘高,王小春,聂德新.金川矿区地下巷道围岩应力场特征及演化机制[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2002,13(4):40–45.(LIU Gao,WANG Xiao-chun,NIE De-xin.The characteristics and evolution mechanism of stresses in surrounding rocks of underground works in Jinchuan mine[J].Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,2002,13(4):40–45.(in Chinese))
[28]李术才,王汉鹏,钱七虎,等.深部巷道围岩分区破裂化现象现场监测研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(8):1545–1553.(LI Shu-cai,WANG Han-peng,QIAN Qi-hu,et al.In-situ monitoring research on zonal disintegration of surrounding rock mass in deep mine roadways[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(8):1545–1553.(in Chinese))
[29]顾金才,顾雷雨,陈安敏,等.深部开挖洞室围岩分层断裂破坏机制模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(3):433–438.(GU Jin-cai,GU Lei-yu,CHEN An-min,et al.Model test study on mechanicsm of layered fracture within surrounding rock of tunnels in deeep stratum[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(3):433–438.(in Chinese))
[2]刘成学,杨林德,曹文贵.岩石统计损伤软化本构模型及其参数反演[J].地下空间与工程学报,2007,3(3):453–457.(LIU Cheng-xue,YANG Lin-de,CAO Wen-gui.A statistical damage softening constitutive model for rock and back analysis of its parameters[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2007,3(3):453–457.(in Chinese))
[3]孔园波,华安增.裂隙岩石破裂机理研究[J].煤炭学报,1995,20(1):72–76.(KONG Yuan-bo,HUA An-zeng.Study on the mechanism of cracked rock fracturing[J].Journal of China Coal Society,1995,20(1):72–76.(in Chinese))
[4]徐小荷,唐春安.岩石变形和破裂的损伤模型[J].中国矿业,1993,2(1):71–74.(XU Xiao-he,TANG Chun-an.Damage medel for rock deformation and rupture[J].China Mining Magazine,1993,2(1):71–74.(in Chinese))
[5]魏光兴,金安忠,刁守中,等.日本的岩石破裂实验与地震预报[J].国际地震动态,1992,7:6–8.(WEI Guan-gxing,JIN An-zhong,DIAO Shou-zhong,et al.Rock fracture experiment and earthquake prediction in Japan[J].Recent Development in World Seismology,1992,7:6–8.(in Chinese))
[6]许昭永,梅世蓉,庄灿涛,等.真三轴压机刚度对岩石破裂声发射的影响及与地震活动性的联系[J].地震学报,1991,13(2):223–233.(XU Zhao-yong,MEI Shi-rong,ZHUANG Can-tao,et al.The influence of stiffness of the true triaxial testing machine on the rupturing and acoustic emission of rocks and its correlation with seismic activities[J].Acta Seismlogca Sinica,1991,13(2):223–233.(in Chinese))
[7]王立凤,王继军,陈小斌,等.岩石破裂电磁辐射(EMR)现象实验研究[J].地球物理学进展,2007,22(3):715–719.(WANG Li-feng,WANG Ji-jun,CHEN Xiao-bin,et al.Experimental and theoretical investigations of electromagnetic radiation induced by rock fracture[J].Progress in Geophysics,2007,22(3):715–719.(in Chinese))
[8]吴立新,刘善军,吴育华,等.遥感-岩石力学(I)——非连续组合断层破裂的热红外辐射规律及其构造地震前兆意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(1):24–30.(WU Li-xin,LIU Shan-jun,WU Yu-hua,et al.Remote sensing-rock mechanics(I)-laws of thermal infrared radiation from fractureing of discontinous jointed faults and its meanings for tectonic earthquake omens[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(4):24–30.(in Chinese))
[9]李明田.岩石破裂过程数值模拟的格构细胞自动机方法研究[D].武汉:中国科学院研究生院(武汉岩土力学研究所),2004.(LI Ming-tian.Study of lattices cellular automation of numerical simulation of rock failure[D].Wuhan:Institute of Rock&Soil Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences,2004.(in Chinese))
[10]焦玉勇,张秀丽,刘泉声,等.用非连续变形分析方法模拟岩石裂纹扩展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(4):682–691.(JIAO Yu-yong,ZHANG Xiu-li,LIU Quan-sheng,et al.Simulation of rock crack propagation using discontinuous deformation analysis method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(4):682–691.(in Chinese))
[11]刘红岩,王新生,秦四清,等.岩石边坡裂隙渗流的流形元模拟[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(1):53–58.(LIU Hong-yan,WANG Xin-sheng,QIN Si-qing,et al.Numerical simulation of crack seepage in rock slope with manifold method[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(1):53–58.(in Chinese))
[12]张振南,葛修润.基于VMIB的非均质岩石材料破坏的数值模拟初探[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(7):1426–1431.(ZHANG Zhen-nan,GE Xiu-run.Primary research on numerical simulation of heterogeneous rock failure based on virtual multi-dimensional internal bonds(VMIB)[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(7):1426–1431.(in Chinese))
[13]ZHU W C,BRUHNS O T.Simulating excavation damaged zone around a circular opening under hydromechanical conditions[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2008,45:815–830.
[14]朱万成,唐春安,黄志平,等.静态和动态载荷作用下岩石劈裂破坏模式的数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(1):2–7.(ZHU Wan-cheng,TANG Chun-an,HUANG Zhi-ping,et al.Numerical simulation on splitting failure mode of rock under static and dynamic loadings[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(1):2–7.(in Chinese))
[15]张永彬,唐春安,张怀,等.岩石破裂过程分析系统中的应力并行求解[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(3):479–483.(ZHANG Yong-bin,TANG Chun-an,ZHANG Hu,et al.Stress parallel computing in rock failure progress analysis system[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(3):479–483.(in Chinese))
[16]张永彬,唐春安,梁正召,等.岩石破裂过程分析系统并行计算方法研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(9):1795–1801.(ZHANG Yong-bin,TANG Chun-an,LIANG Zheng-zhao,et al.Research on parallel computational method of rock failure process analysis system[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(9):1795–1801.(in Chinese))
[17]梁正召.三维条件下的岩石破裂过程分析及其数值试验方法研究[D].沈阳:东北大学,2005.(LIANG Zheng-zhao.Three-dimensional failure process analysis of rock and associated numerical tests[D].Shenyang:Northeastern University,2005.(in Chinese))
[18]梁正召,唐春安,张永彬,等.岩石三维破裂过程分析软件开发及应用[J].力学与实践,2007,29(1):83–86.(LIANG Zheng-zhao,TANG Chun-an,ZHANG Yong-bin,et al..The exploitation and application of 3D numerical simulation analysis system for rock failure process[J].Mechanics in Engineering,2006,25(9):1795–1801.(in Chinese))
[19]梁正召,唐春安,张永彬,等.岩石三维破裂过程的数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(5):931–936.(LIANG Zheng-zhao,TANG Chun-an,ZHANG Yong-bin,et al.3D numerical simulation of failure process of rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(5):931–936.(in Chinese))
[20]CARTER B J,LAJTAI E Z,PETUKHOV A.Primary and remote fracture around underground cavities[J].Int J Numer Anal Methods Geomech,1991,15(1):21–40.
[21]SHEMYAKIN E I,FISENKO G L,KURLENYA M V,et al.Zonal disintegration of rocks around underground workings,part I:data of in-situ observations[J].Journal of Mining Science,1986,22(3):157–168.
[22]SHEMYAKIN E I,FISENKO G L,KURLENYA M V,et al.Zonal disintegration of rocks around underground workings,part II:rock fracture simulated in equivalent materials[J].Journal of Mining Science,1986,22(4):223–232.
[23]SHEMYAKIN E I,FISENKO G L,KURLENYA M V,et al.Zonal disintegration of rocks around underground workings,part III:theoretical concepts[J].Journal of Mining Science,1987,23(1):1–6.
[24]SHEMYAKIN E I,KURLENYA M V,OPARIN V N,et al.Zonal disintegration of rocks around underground workings,part IV:practical applications[J].Journal of Mining Science,1989,25(4):297–302.
[25]ADAMS C R,JAGER A J.Petroscopic observations of rock fracturing ahead of stope faces in deep-level gold mines[J].Journal of South African Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,1980,80(6):04–209.
[26]方祖烈.软岩巷道维护原理与控制措施[M]//何满潮.中国煤矿软岩巷道支护理论与实践.北京:煤炭工业出版社,1996:64–70.(FANG Zu-lie.Support principles for roadway in soft rock and its controlling measures[M]//HE Man-chao.Soft Rock Tunnel Support in Chinese Mines:Theory and Practice.Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,1996:64–70.(in Chinese))
[27]刘高,王小春,聂德新.金川矿区地下巷道围岩应力场特征及演化机制[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2002,13(4):40–45.(LIU Gao,WANG Xiao-chun,NIE De-xin.The characteristics and evolution mechanism of stresses in surrounding rocks of underground works in Jinchuan mine[J].Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,2002,13(4):40–45.(in Chinese))
[28]李术才,王汉鹏,钱七虎,等.深部巷道围岩分区破裂化现象现场监测研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(8):1545–1553.(LI Shu-cai,WANG Han-peng,QIAN Qi-hu,et al.In-situ monitoring research on zonal disintegration of surrounding rock mass in deep mine roadways[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(8):1545–1553.(in Chinese))
[29]顾金才,顾雷雨,陈安敏,等.深部开挖洞室围岩分层断裂破坏机制模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(3):433–438.(GU Jin-cai,GU Lei-yu,CHEN An-min,et al.Model test study on mechanicsm of layered fracture within surrounding rock of tunnels in deeep stratum[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(3):433–438.(in Chinese))
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