输油管道悬空管段应力计算
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摘要
输油管道经常穿越特殊地段,管道有可能在洪水或地震等作用下产生悬空管段。悬空的管段在各种力的作用下可能会失效,严重时会出现断裂现象,给管道公司带来严重的损失。因此,有必要采取科学方法计算管道的应力,评估油气管道悬空管段的可靠性,制定措施,缓解事故后果的影响程度。在分析悬空管道受力模型和强度校核模型的基础上,计算并分析了某输油管道悬空管段的应力和可靠性,同时采用应力集中检测仪检测了该管段下游端50m内的管道应力变化情况。结果表明,此悬空管段存在运行风险,清空管内存油有助于降低管道失效概率。对于浮管,水浮力缓解了管道的垂直方向受力情况,但增加了管道横向冲击力,会增加悬空管道的振动频率。应力集中检测仪现场测试数据表明:越靠近土壤端,悬空管道的应力值越大,该悬空管段的最危险点应该处于土壤区内。
It is inevitable that oil pipelines have to pass through some special areas where a certain fragment of pipelines may become suspended due to natural geological disasters,such as flood or earthquake.When this happens,the suspended part of pipelines may suffer from failure under the action of various forces and even break down in the extreme,which will bring a great loss to the state or pipeline companies besides an environmental pollution caused by oil leaking.Therefore,it is necessary to scientifically compute the stress of pipelines,evaluate the reliability of suspended segments of pipelines,and make measures to remedy accidental consequences.On the basis of analyzing the mechanical model and intensity calibration model of suspended pipelines,the stress and reliability of a certain suspended segment were calculated and analyzed,and a stress concentration detection instrument was applied to inspect stress variations of the 50m lower course of this suspended segment.The results showed that the suspended segment had a risk for malfunction and clearing away the remaining oil from the suspended pipeline would reduce the invalidation probability of pipelines.As for a floating pipeline,the buoyancy of water would reduce a force coming from the vertical direction but increase an impact force given laterally that can elevate the oscillation frequency of a suspended pipeline.The on-site testing data of the stress concentration detection instrument showed that the closer to the buried pipeline,the greater the stress value of the suspended segment,thus,the most dangerous point of the suspended segment should be located at the immediately buried segment.
It is inevitable that oil pipelines have to pass through some special areas where a certain fragment of pipelines may become suspended due to natural geological disasters,such as flood or earthquake.When this happens,the suspended part of pipelines may suffer from failure under the action of various forces and even break down in the extreme,which will bring a great loss to the state or pipeline companies besides an environmental pollution caused by oil leaking.Therefore,it is necessary to scientifically compute the stress of pipelines,evaluate the reliability of suspended segments of pipelines,and make measures to remedy accidental consequences.On the basis of analyzing the mechanical model and intensity calibration model of suspended pipelines,the stress and reliability of a certain suspended segment were calculated and analyzed,and a stress concentration detection instrument was applied to inspect stress variations of the 50m lower course of this suspended segment.The results showed that the suspended segment had a risk for malfunction and clearing away the remaining oil from the suspended pipeline would reduce the invalidation probability of pipelines.As for a floating pipeline,the buoyancy of water would reduce a force coming from the vertical direction but increase an impact force given laterally that can elevate the oscillation frequency of a suspended pipeline.The on-site testing data of the stress concentration detection instrument showed that the closer to the buried pipeline,the greater the stress value of the suspended segment,thus,the most dangerous point of the suspended segment should be located at the immediately buried segment.
引文
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[2]马立平,李允.地理信息系统辅助油气管道安全可靠性分析[J].石油学报,2006,27(3):126-129.Ma Liping,Li Yun.Geographic information system-assisted safereliability analysis of oil-gas pipeline[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2006,27(3):126-129.
[3]王小龙,姚安林.埋地钢管局部悬空的挠度和内力分析[J].工程力学,2008,25(8):218-222.Wang Xiaolong,Yao Anlin.Deflection and internal force analysisof buried steel pipelines in partial hanging[J].Engineering Me-chanics,2008,25(8):218-222.
[4]余建星,祁世芳.一种新的输油管道可靠性分析方法[J].石油学报,2003,24(1):85-88.Yu Jianxing,Qi Shifang.A new analysis method for evaluatingreliability of oil pipelines[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,2003,24(1):85-88.
[5]梁政.非柔性悬垂管道的静力分析[J].西南石油学院学报,1991,13(1):78-84.Liang Zheng.Static analysis of suspended pipeline for non-flexi-bility[J].Journal of Southwestern Petroleum Institute,1991,13(1):78-84.
[6]杜景水,马廷霞,王维斌.基于小挠度理论的悬空管道力学分析[J].油气储运,2009,21(7):16-18.Du Jingshui,Ma Tingxia,Wang Weibin.Mechanics analysis onvacant pipelines based on small deflection theory[J].Oil&GasStorage and Transportation,2009,21(7):16-18.
[7]张效羽,肖芳淳.悬垂管道跨越的模糊优化设计初探[J].西南石油学院学报,1987,9(2):53-60.Zhang Xiaoyu,Xiao Fangchun.An approach to fuzzy optimizationdesign of suspended pipeline overhead-crossing[J].Journal ofSouthwestern Petroleum Institute,1987,9(2):53-60.
[8]林敏诚,肖芳淳.用微分子法计算悬垂管道的应力和变形[J].西南石油学院学报,1991,13(1):78-82.Lin Mincheng,Xiao Fangchun.Calculation of internal stress anddeformation of suspended pipelines by the method of differentialoperater[J].Journal of Southwestern Petroleum Institute,1991,13(1):78-82.
[9]刑静志,王永岗,陈晓霞,等.ANSYS7.0分析实例与工程应用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2004:35-39.Xing Jingzhi,Wang Yonggang,Chen Xiaoxia,et al.ANSYS7.0example analyses and engineering application[M].Beijing:ChinaMachine Press,2004:35-39.
[10]高印立,闫澍旺,王金英.海底管道稳定性设计系统[J].石油学报,1997,18(2):134-137.Gao Yinli,Yan Shuwang,Wang Jinying.A procedure for marinepipeline stability design[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1997,18(2):134-137.
[11]署恒木.海底悬空管道弹性约束静态分析[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,2005,29(6):94-97.Shu Hengmu.Static analysis of hanging submarine pipeline withelastic constraint[J].Journal of the University of Petroleum,China:Edition of Natural Science,2005,29(6):94-97.
[12]王建华,罗朔.悬空管道的安全性评估[J].后勤工程学院学报,2010,26(3):32-36.Wang Jianhua,Luo Shuo.Evaluation on the security of the sus-pended pipeline[J].Journal of Logistical Engineering University,2010,26(3):32-36.
[13]宋子康,蔡文安.材料力学[M].上海:上海交通大学出版社,1997:345-350.Song Zikang,Cai Wen’an.Materials mechanics[M].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiaotong University Press,1997:345-350.
[14]中国石油天然气集团公司.GB50459-2009油气输送管道跨越工程设计规范[S].北京:中国计划出版社,2009:16-17.China National Petroleum Corporation.GB50459-2009Code fordesign oil and gas transportation pipeline aerial crossing engi-neering[S].Beijing:China Plan Press,2009:16-17.
[15]唐友刚,李长升,项忠权.加固前后输油管线固有频率计算[J].石油学报,1997,18(2):128-133.Tang Yougang,Li Changsheng,Xiang Zhongquan.The calcula-tion of natural frequency before and after reinforcement of pipe-line[J].Acta Petrolei Sinica,1997,18(2):128-133.
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