对我国高放废物处置研发工作的几点建议
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摘要
论述了高放废物处置库与一般地下工程设施的区别,以及处置库场址的选址工作与低中放废物处置场和核电站场址的选址工作异同点。强调要高度重视高放废物处置的安全性,这是由于高放废物毒性大、半衰期长、安全处置期长;由于处置库堆放的废物总比活度大,且高放废物处置在地下深处,因而,如果一旦处置库系统遭受破坏,就难以进行人工干预。笔者认为,在区域预选和地区(地段)预选阶段,查明场址区域地壳稳定性问题是其首要任务。文章就处置方案等若干问题进行了讨论。
The difference between repository and generic underground facilities is described.Some differences and similarities of site selection between the low and medium radioactive waste disposal, nuclear power station and high-level radioactive waste repository are also discussed here.We trend to extremely emphasize the safety of high-level radioactive waste disposal because of high toxicity,long half-life and long safety disposal period of this kind of radioactive wastes;because radioactive waste in the repository is of high specific activities and buried in depth,it would be difficult to meddle with its safety.In case of repository system being destroyed,the author considers that in the stages of regional and area site selection,the first task is to investigate the regional tectonic stability.Some problems about disposal options and others are also discussed in this paper.
The difference between repository and generic underground facilities is described.Some differences and similarities of site selection between the low and medium radioactive waste disposal, nuclear power station and high-level radioactive waste repository are also discussed here.We trend to extremely emphasize the safety of high-level radioactive waste disposal because of high toxicity,long half-life and long safety disposal period of this kind of radioactive wastes;because radioactive waste in the repository is of high specific activities and buried in depth,it would be difficult to meddle with its safety.In case of repository system being destroyed,the author considers that in the stages of regional and area site selection,the first task is to investigate the regional tectonic stability.Some problems about disposal options and others are also discussed in this paper.
引文
European Nuclear Society.Nuclear power plants,world-wide[EB-OL].[2011-12-20].http://www.euronuclear.org/info/encyclopedia/n/nuclear-power-plant-world-wide.htm.
付舜彦.东日本大地震[EB-OL].[2011-12-18].http://baike.baidu.com/view/5360770.
Vietnam Atomic Energy Institute,Ministry of Science and Technology,Vietnam.Forsmark for Swedish nuclear waste:The world’s first permanent disposal site for used nuclear fuel will be at Forsmark,Sweden’s SKB announced today[EBOL].[2011-12-19].http://vaec.gov.vn/en/TabId/684/ArticleId/2592/PreTabId/630/Default.aspx.
John Anderson,Anders Strom,Christer Svemar,et al.What requirements does the KBS-3 repository make on the host rock?-Geoscientific suitability indicators and criteria for sitting and site evaluation,Technical Report TR-00-12[R].Stockholm:SKB,2000.
徐国庆.关于地下实验室分类的讨论[J].世界核地质科学,2010,27(3):170-177.
IAEA(IAEA Safety Standards Series).Geological disposal of radioactive waste,draft safety requirements,DS 154,IAEA[R].Vienna:IAEA.2004.
付舜彦.东日本大地震[EB-OL].[2011-12-18].http://baike.baidu.com/view/5360770.
Vietnam Atomic Energy Institute,Ministry of Science and Technology,Vietnam.Forsmark for Swedish nuclear waste:The world’s first permanent disposal site for used nuclear fuel will be at Forsmark,Sweden’s SKB announced today[EBOL].[2011-12-19].http://vaec.gov.vn/en/TabId/684/ArticleId/2592/PreTabId/630/Default.aspx.
John Anderson,Anders Strom,Christer Svemar,et al.What requirements does the KBS-3 repository make on the host rock?-Geoscientific suitability indicators and criteria for sitting and site evaluation,Technical Report TR-00-12[R].Stockholm:SKB,2000.
徐国庆.关于地下实验室分类的讨论[J].世界核地质科学,2010,27(3):170-177.
IAEA(IAEA Safety Standards Series).Geological disposal of radioactive waste,draft safety requirements,DS 154,IAEA[R].Vienna:IAEA.2004.
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