岩爆分类与预测分析
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摘要
在分析前人岩爆分类的基础上,根据岩爆发生时岩体的破坏形式将岩爆分为松弛型和爆脱型,从岩爆烈度来看,前者属于轻微、中等岩爆,后者应归于强烈或极强等级。另外根据应力状态还可将岩爆分为构造应力型、垂直应力型和混合应力型。通过齐热哈塔尔引水隧洞施工支洞施工过程中的岩爆现象进行验证与对比,认为该分类方案有较好的实用性。在分析总结已发生岩爆的基础上,对引水隧洞的主洞进行了预测。提出在断层带和节理裂隙密集带发生的岩爆有可能会使断层带内物质和节理较发育岩体发生结构性失稳,从而造成较大规模的破坏。因此,在较大规模的断层带的下盘或者节理较发育的岩体两侧发生岩爆的可能性较大时,需要对断层带和节理较发育的岩体进行预处理,并且应区分岩爆破坏和岩爆诱发大规模破坏的特征,依此提出处理方案。
Based on formerly classifications of rock burst,which could been classified slowly-dropping and quickly-dropping.On the basis of the intensity of rock burst,slowly-dropping can been classified lightly and moderate grade rock burst,and the latter belongs to strong and very strong grade.Otherwise,according to states of geo-stress which induces rock burst,which can be classified structure-stress type and vertical-stress type and mix-stress type.Some phenomenon of rock burst which happened in tunnel belongs to Qirehataer diversion tunnel are analysed,which proved this classification is practically.On the basis of these phenomenon of rock burst of diversion tunnel is forecasted.Structure destroy would happen if rock burst locates on faulted zone or jointed rock mass,which could induce destroy seriously.So this paper thinks that pretreatment of rock mass is very neccessary when rock burst will happen on faulted zone or jointed rock mass,and some supporting measures should been done in advance based on type and intensity of rock burst.
Based on formerly classifications of rock burst,which could been classified slowly-dropping and quickly-dropping.On the basis of the intensity of rock burst,slowly-dropping can been classified lightly and moderate grade rock burst,and the latter belongs to strong and very strong grade.Otherwise,according to states of geo-stress which induces rock burst,which can be classified structure-stress type and vertical-stress type and mix-stress type.Some phenomenon of rock burst which happened in tunnel belongs to Qirehataer diversion tunnel are analysed,which proved this classification is practically.On the basis of these phenomenon of rock burst of diversion tunnel is forecasted.Structure destroy would happen if rock burst locates on faulted zone or jointed rock mass,which could induce destroy seriously.So this paper thinks that pretreatment of rock mass is very neccessary when rock burst will happen on faulted zone or jointed rock mass,and some supporting measures should been done in advance based on type and intensity of rock burst.
引文
武警水电指挥部,天生桥水电站引水隧洞岩爆研究(科研报告),1991。
中水北方公司勘察院,齐热哈塔尔引水隧洞岩爆专题研究,2007。
[1]汪泽斌.岩爆实例、岩爆术语及分类的建议[J].工程地质,1988(3):3-7.
[2]谭以安.岩爆类型及其防治[J].现代地质,1991,5(4):450-456.
[3]张倬元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1994:397-400.
[4]郭志.实用岩体力学[M].北京:地震出版社,1996:190-200.
[5]王兰生,李天斌,徐进,等.二郎山公路隧道岩爆及岩爆烈度分级[J].公路,1999(2):41-45.
[6]徐林生,王兰生.岩爆类型划分研究[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2000,11(3):245-248.
[7]周春宏.某水电站长探洞的岩爆特征[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2006,17(1):78-81.
[8]杨健,王连君.岩爆机理声发射试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(20):3 796-3 802.
[9]马少鹏,王来贵,章梦涛,等.加拿大岩爆灾害的研究现状[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1998,9(3):107-112.
[10]余义华,巴合提瓦尔.马苏尔.浅论下坂地水利枢纽工程引水发电洞洞挖岩爆处理[J].水利水电技术,2008(39):121-123.
中水北方公司勘察院,齐热哈塔尔引水隧洞岩爆专题研究,2007。
[1]汪泽斌.岩爆实例、岩爆术语及分类的建议[J].工程地质,1988(3):3-7.
[2]谭以安.岩爆类型及其防治[J].现代地质,1991,5(4):450-456.
[3]张倬元,王士天,王兰生.工程地质分析原理[M].北京:地质出版社,1994:397-400.
[4]郭志.实用岩体力学[M].北京:地震出版社,1996:190-200.
[5]王兰生,李天斌,徐进,等.二郎山公路隧道岩爆及岩爆烈度分级[J].公路,1999(2):41-45.
[6]徐林生,王兰生.岩爆类型划分研究[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2000,11(3):245-248.
[7]周春宏.某水电站长探洞的岩爆特征[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2006,17(1):78-81.
[8]杨健,王连君.岩爆机理声发射试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(20):3 796-3 802.
[9]马少鹏,王来贵,章梦涛,等.加拿大岩爆灾害的研究现状[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,1998,9(3):107-112.
[10]余义华,巴合提瓦尔.马苏尔.浅论下坂地水利枢纽工程引水发电洞洞挖岩爆处理[J].水利水电技术,2008(39):121-123.
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