吐哈盆地北部山前带巴喀三维叠前地震成像处理解释技术研究及应用
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摘要
吐哈盆地北部山前带巴喀地区地表条件复杂多样,地下构造复杂,导致该区原始地震资料品质较差,尤其是构造主体部位地层高陡,断裂非常发育,地震偏移成像难度极大,从而使得该区地下构造难以准确落实;同时巴喀地区储层为低孔低渗储层,地球物理响应特征不明显,缺乏有效的储层预测识别方法,以上因素制约了巴喀地区油气勘探的进程。通过研究,形成了针对巴喀地区的地震成像、构造解释及储层预测技术系列,其中的关键创新技术主要包括:起伏地表模型约束综合静校正技术、复杂地区"六分法"叠前噪声压制技术、浮动面逆时叠前深度偏移技术等。攻关与生产紧密结合,新研究成果能够更加准确地刻画巴喀地区的断裂位置及地下构造形态,整体成像效果得到改善,利用新研究成果重新梳理了构造样式,进一步认识了该区断裂特征及地层展布规律,新发现和落实了一批圈闭,在此基础上综合储层预测成果,优选了多个有利钻探目标。
There are rugged surfaces and complex subsurface structures which lead to raw seismic data with poor quality in Baka area of Northern Turpan-Hami Basin. Especially for the main parts of subsurface structures, there are seriously steep formations and abundant faults. So it is difficult for seismic migration and to determine the subsurface structures. And the reservoirs feature in low permeability, low porosity and inconspicuous geophysical response. So there are few reservoir prediction and identification methods. The above factors restrict the progress of oil and gas exploration of Baka area. Technical series have been developed based on research, such as seismic imaging, structural interpretation and reservoir prediction techniques. And the key innovation techniques include model constrained integral static correction method for rugged surface, "six division"prestack noise attenuation method and floating datum pre-stack reverse time migration method. On the basis of combining research and production, the new research results could more accurately describe the subsurface faults and structures, and the overall imaging effect has been improved effectively. Application of new research results helps us determine the structural types again, further realize the faults characteristics and formation distribution rules, find and determine some new traps. On this basis, research reservoir prediction is conducted and several beneficial drilling targets are chosen.
There are rugged surfaces and complex subsurface structures which lead to raw seismic data with poor quality in Baka area of Northern Turpan-Hami Basin. Especially for the main parts of subsurface structures, there are seriously steep formations and abundant faults. So it is difficult for seismic migration and to determine the subsurface structures. And the reservoirs feature in low permeability, low porosity and inconspicuous geophysical response. So there are few reservoir prediction and identification methods. The above factors restrict the progress of oil and gas exploration of Baka area. Technical series have been developed based on research, such as seismic imaging, structural interpretation and reservoir prediction techniques. And the key innovation techniques include model constrained integral static correction method for rugged surface, "six division"prestack noise attenuation method and floating datum pre-stack reverse time migration method. On the basis of combining research and production, the new research results could more accurately describe the subsurface faults and structures, and the overall imaging effect has been improved effectively. Application of new research results helps us determine the structural types again, further realize the faults characteristics and formation distribution rules, find and determine some new traps. On this basis, research reservoir prediction is conducted and several beneficial drilling targets are chosen.
引文
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[8]苏勤,吕彬,田彦灿,等.浮动面叠前深度偏移法在山前带复杂构造成像中的应用[J].新疆石油地质,2009,30(5):560～562.
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[13]McMechan G A.Migration by extrapolation of time-dependent boundary values.Geophysical Prospecting,1983,31:413～420.
[14]Whitmore N D.Iterative depth migration by backwardtime propagation.Expanded Abstracts of 53rd AnnualInternat SEG Mtg,1983:382～385.
[15]李海亮,高建虎,赵万金,等.叠前地震属性技术在低渗透气藏勘探中的应用[J].天然气地球科学,2010,21(6):1036～1040.
[16]冯增昭,等.沉积岩沉积相(第二版)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997.
[17]刘云冬,邓勇,王志江,等.吐哈盆地北部山前带西段地质结构分析与油气远景预测[J].石油地质与工程,2008,22(4):27～28.
[2]王劲松,杨永军.吐哈盆地致密砂岩气勘探前景与关键问题讨论[J].吐哈油气,2010,15(2):201～204.
[3]袁明生,牛仁杰,焦立新,等.吐哈盆地前陆冲断带地质特征及勘探成果[J].新疆石油地质,2002,23(5):376～379.
[4]Mike Cox著.反射地震勘探静校正技术[M].李培明,等译.北京:石油工业出版社,2004.
[5]王彦春,余钦,段云卿.三维折射波静校正[J].石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(1):13～19.
[6]王西文.地震数据连片处理中静校正建模方法的研究及应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2006,41(4):375～382.
[7]林依华,张中杰,尹成,等.复杂地形条件下静校正的综合寻优[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(1):102～106.
[8]苏勤,吕彬,田彦灿,等.浮动面叠前深度偏移法在山前带复杂构造成像中的应用[J].新疆石油地质,2009,30(5):560～562.
[9]Stoffa P L.Split-step Fourier migration.Geophysics,1990,55:410～421.
[10]Ristow D,Ruth T.Fourier finite-difference migration.Geophysics,1994,59:1882～1893.
[11]吕彬,王西文,王宇超,等.基于保真振幅单程波方程的叠前AVP成像方法[J].地球物理学报,2009,52(8):2119～2127.
[12]Baysal E,Kosloff D D,Sherwood J W C.Reversetime migration.Geophysics,1983,48:1514～1524.
[13]McMechan G A.Migration by extrapolation of time-dependent boundary values.Geophysical Prospecting,1983,31:413～420.
[14]Whitmore N D.Iterative depth migration by backwardtime propagation.Expanded Abstracts of 53rd AnnualInternat SEG Mtg,1983:382～385.
[15]李海亮,高建虎,赵万金,等.叠前地震属性技术在低渗透气藏勘探中的应用[J].天然气地球科学,2010,21(6):1036～1040.
[16]冯增昭,等.沉积岩沉积相(第二版)[M].北京:石油工业出版社,1997.
[17]刘云冬,邓勇,王志江,等.吐哈盆地北部山前带西段地质结构分析与油气远景预测[J].石油地质与工程,2008,22(4):27～28.
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