5.12汶川大地震极震区灾害致因初析
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摘要
对5.12汶川大地震极震区进行的初步地震灾害地质调查结果表明:地震灾害沿断裂带呈带状密集分布,地震地表破裂带经过之处震灾最严重;地震次生地质灾害大量产生还与区内志留系茂县群千枚岩和三叠系须家河组砂岩夹页岩、煤层等软弱地层以及第四系松散层和强风化岩石等软弱岩体分布广泛、极震区大部分地区处于河谷深切、地形高差大、山体破碎的中-高山区有关。特大地震灾害再次提醒人们,在建筑场地选址中必须考虑活动断裂问题;城乡规划建设必须开展地质灾害风险评估和建筑物抗震设计;必须重视人-地关系和人-环境的关系。
Some results of primary investigations on the seismic catastrophes in the meizoseismal areas of the 5.12 Wenchuan huge earthquake are reported in this paper.The seismic disasters were concentrated along the fault zones and the most serious catastrophes occurred in the areas where ground seismic-ruptures developed.The other two causes accounted for the huge geologic disasters induced by the earthquake were widespread distribution of weak rock-masses and mountain landforms.The weak rock-masses consisted of phyllites of the Silurian,named as the Maoxian Group,sandstones with weak intercalated layers of shale and coal of the Triassic,named as the Xujiahe Formation,loose deposits of the Quaternary,and as well as other strongly weathering rocks.The tremendous seismic catastrophes of the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake reminded people that in site-selection of urban-rural constructions,it is necessary to consider the problems of active faults,to make a hazards-evaluation of the geologic disasters and antiknock architectural design,and to pay attention to the human-earth and human-environment relationship.
Some results of primary investigations on the seismic catastrophes in the meizoseismal areas of the 5.12 Wenchuan huge earthquake are reported in this paper.The seismic disasters were concentrated along the fault zones and the most serious catastrophes occurred in the areas where ground seismic-ruptures developed.The other two causes accounted for the huge geologic disasters induced by the earthquake were widespread distribution of weak rock-masses and mountain landforms.The weak rock-masses consisted of phyllites of the Silurian,named as the Maoxian Group,sandstones with weak intercalated layers of shale and coal of the Triassic,named as the Xujiahe Formation,loose deposits of the Quaternary,and as well as other strongly weathering rocks.The tremendous seismic catastrophes of the 5.12 Wenchuan earthquake reminded people that in site-selection of urban-rural constructions,it is necessary to consider the problems of active faults,to make a hazards-evaluation of the geologic disasters and antiknock architectural design,and to pay attention to the human-earth and human-environment relationship.
引文
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[3]杨主恩,邓志辉,马文涛,等.汶川8级强震极震区破坏情况与烈度[J].地震地质,2008,30(2):349-354.YANG Z E,DENG Z H,MAW T,et al.Some Destruc-tion and its Seismic Intensity in Meizoseismal Region ofWenchuan Earthquake with Magnitude 8,Sichuan,China[J].Seismology and Geology,2008,30(2):349-354.
[4]王治华,周英杰,徐斌,等.“5.12”汶川大地震震中区映秀镇地震灾情及次生地质灾害遥感初步调查[J].国土资源遥感,2008(2):1-4.WANG Z H,ZHOU Y J,XU B,et al.Preliminary Re-mote Sensing Investigation of Damage Caused by the“5.12”Wenchuan Strong Earthquake as Well as Second-ary Hazards at the Quake Center———Yingxiu Town[J].Remote Sensing for Land&Resources,2008(2):1-4.
[5]李勇,周荣军,董顺利,等.汶川地震的地表破裂与逆冲-走滑作用[J].成都理工大学学报:自然科学版,2008,35(4):404-413.Surface rupture,thrusting and strike-slipping in theWenchuan earthquake of Sichuan,China.Journal ofChengdu University of Technology:Sci&Technol Ed,2008,35(4):404-413.
[6]张培震,徐锡伟,闻学泽,等.2008年汶川8.0级地震发震断裂的滑动速率、复发周期和构造成因[J].地球物理学报,2008,51(4):1066-1073.ZHANG P Z,XU X W,WEN Z X,et al.Slip rates andrecurrence intervals of the Longmen Shan active faultzone,and tectonic implications for the mechanism of theMay 12 Wenchuan earthquake,2008,Sichuan,China[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2008,51(4):1066-1073.
[7]王云基.四川紫坪铺水库区水文地质与工程地质条件研究[J].四川地震,2001,(2):6-13.WANG Y J.Hydro-geologic and engineering-geologiccondition of Zipingpu reservoir area,Sichun[J].Earth-quake Research in Sichuan,2001(2):6-13.
[8]尹强.汶川特大地震的反思与重建规划的思考[J].城市规划,2008,32(7):24-27.YIN Qiang.Reflection on Wenchuan Earthquake and Re-construction Planning[J].City Planning Review,2008,32(7):24-27.
[9]崔鹏,韦方强,陈晓清,等.汶川地震次生山地灾害及其减灾对策[J].科技赈灾,2008,23(4):317-323.CUI P,WEI F Q,CHEN X Q,et al.Geo-hazards inWenchuan Earthquake Area and Countermeasures for Dis-aster Reduction[J].Bulletin of the Chinese Academy ofSciences,2008,23(4):317-323.
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