城市避震疏散空间评价方法的研究与实践——以都江堰老城区为例
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摘要
依据避震疏散安全性和舒适性的"双约束"理论,通过对城市避震疏散空间等城市设施方面的调查取证和分析比较,并利用GIS软件分析和空间模拟的方法对都江堰老城区这一典型案例进行避震疏散空间布局和抗灾性能的分析,对城市土地利用规划中避震疏散空间合理布局的原则、规律和方法等问题展开一定的探索;并希望通过完善避震疏散空间系统的理论,为城市各项避震疏散空间的规划和建设提供一种相对系统的评价体系和评价方法,为城市编制抗震防灾规划贡献一份力量。
Based on restriction theory between safety and comfort of seismic evacuation, the paper makes investigation and comparative analysis on the city facilities of seismic evacuation space, and uses GIS to simulate the composition system and analyze the function of seismic evacuation space as a typical case the old city of Dujiangyan, and makes some exploration on the principles, rules and methods of reasonable composition of the seismic evacuation spaces during the urban land use planning. The purposes of this study are improving the theory about the seismic evacuation space system, and providing some systemic evaluation methods on planning and building the urban seismic evacuation space, and contributing some effort for the compilation and study on the urban earthquake disaster prevention planning.
Based on restriction theory between safety and comfort of seismic evacuation, the paper makes investigation and comparative analysis on the city facilities of seismic evacuation space, and uses GIS to simulate the composition system and analyze the function of seismic evacuation space as a typical case the old city of Dujiangyan, and makes some exploration on the principles, rules and methods of reasonable composition of the seismic evacuation spaces during the urban land use planning. The purposes of this study are improving the theory about the seismic evacuation space system, and providing some systemic evaluation methods on planning and building the urban seismic evacuation space, and contributing some effort for the compilation and study on the urban earthquake disaster prevention planning.
引文
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初建宇,苏幼坡.城市地震避难疏散场所的规划原则与要求[J].世界地震工程,2006,22(4):80-83.CHU Jianyu,SU Youpo.The planning principles and requirements of urban seismicrefuges for evacuation[J].World EarthquakeEngineering,2006,22(4):80-83.
袁铭,章磊.地震灾区中小学校园重建空间规划[J].上海城市规划,2009(1):45-49.YUAN Ming,ZHANG Lei.Reconstruction Space Plan of Schools in 5·12 Earthquake Disaster Area[J].Shanghai Urban PlanningReview,2009(1):45-49.
蔡卓芬.从九二一震灾经验探讨我国防灾避难据点之规划建置[R].台北:内政部建筑研究所,2001.TSAI Cho-fang.Study on Urban DisasterRefuge base Planning From921Ghi-GhiEarthquake[R].Taipei:Building ResearchInstitute,Ministry of the Interior,2001.
Alexander Stepanov,James Mac Gregor Smith.Multi-objective evacuation routing intransportation networks[J].European Journal ofOperational Research,2009(198):435-446.
Horikiri,M.,Odani M..Analysis of Residents’Evacuation Behavior After the Great Hanshin-Awaji Earthquake in Japan[J].Proceedings ofthe Eastern Asia Society for TransportationStudies,1999(2):431-446.
Mohammad Saadatseresht,Ali Mansourian,Mohammad Taleai.Evacuation Planning UsingMultiobjective Evolutionary OptimizationApproach[J].European Journal of OperationalResearch,2009(198):305-314.
高蕊.唐山市中心区避震疏散空间规划策略研究[D].哈尔滨:哈尔滨工业大学建筑学院,2007.GAO rui.The Research on The Strategy ofSpace of Seismic Refuge and Evacuation Planin Tangshan City Center[D].Harbin:School ofArchitecture in Harbin Institute of Technology,2007.
蒋维,金磊.中国城市综合减灾对策[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1992.JIANG Wei,JIN Lei.The Strategy of CityDisaster Prevention in China[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,1992.
彭浚忠,陈郁文.模糊多目标震灾疏散指派问题之研究-以台中市为例[D].台湾彭化:大叶大学工业工程系,2002.PENG Chun-chung,CHEN yuh-wen.FuzzyMulti-objective Location-Allocation Planfor Post-quake Evacuation-A Case Study ofTaichung City[D].Penghua:Department ofIndustrial Engineering in DaYeh University,2002.
李繁彦.台北市防灾空间规划[J].城市发展研究,2001,8(6):1-8.LI Fanyan.Study on spatial planning ford isaster preention in Taipei[J].Urban Studies,2001,8(6):1-8.
初建宇,苏幼坡.城市地震避难疏散场所的规划原则与要求[J].世界地震工程,2006,22(4):80-83.CHU Jianyu,SU Youpo.The planning principles and requirements of urban seismicrefuges for evacuation[J].World EarthquakeEngineering,2006,22(4):80-83.
袁铭,章磊.地震灾区中小学校园重建空间规划[J].上海城市规划,2009(1):45-49.YUAN Ming,ZHANG Lei.Reconstruction Space Plan of Schools in 5·12 Earthquake Disaster Area[J].Shanghai Urban PlanningReview,2009(1):45-49.
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