不同水头高度洪水冲击乡村建筑模型试验研究
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摘要
洪水的冲击会对建筑结构造成极大的危害,甚至会引起建筑物的损毁,尤其是在山区的村镇.通过模型试验,研究了洪水对建筑结构的冲击作用.试验中模拟洪水选用的水头高度为0.6、0.9、1.2m,模型距溃口的距离为6m,坡度为2°,模型比尺为1/6,选用3种开洞率.通过对不同水头高度、开洞率的试验结果进行分析,研究了村镇建筑结构表面洪水冲击压力特性及其分布规律,结果表明:洪水冲击压力峰值是稳流水压力的1.5～2.0倍且均随着水头高度的增加而增加;冲击压力在建筑物表面从底部到顶部逐渐减小;冲击压力合力和弯矩随着水头高度的增加而增加,随着开洞率的增加而减小.
The impacting action of flood can dramatically destroy the buildings,especially in countries and villages in the mountainous areas.The impact experiments of flood on buildings are carried out on the large wave-current tank.The distance between the building and floodgate is 6 m and the heights of water are 0.6,0.9 and 1.2 m,respectively.The model scale of buildings is 1∶6,the slope is 2°,and three buildings with different ratios of holes are designed to simulate the buildings in countries and villages.Based on the experimental results,the properties and distributions of the impact pressure are studied and the following conclusions are drawn: the peak impact pressure is 1.5-2.0 times that of steady flow and both the impact and steady pressure increase with the increasing of water heights.The impact pressure decreases from the bottom to the top of model.The composition of forces and the bending moment increase with the increasing of water heights but decrease with the increasing of hole ratios.
The impacting action of flood can dramatically destroy the buildings,especially in countries and villages in the mountainous areas.The impact experiments of flood on buildings are carried out on the large wave-current tank.The distance between the building and floodgate is 6 m and the heights of water are 0.6,0.9 and 1.2 m,respectively.The model scale of buildings is 1∶6,the slope is 2°,and three buildings with different ratios of holes are designed to simulate the buildings in countries and villages.Based on the experimental results,the properties and distributions of the impact pressure are studied and the following conclusions are drawn: the peak impact pressure is 1.5-2.0 times that of steady flow and both the impact and steady pressure increase with the increasing of water heights.The impact pressure decreases from the bottom to the top of model.The composition of forces and the bending moment increase with the increasing of water heights but decrease with the increasing of hole ratios.
引文
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