精确微差爆破震动能量分布特征分析
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摘要
数码电子雷管能够实现更为精确的微差爆破。为了掌握精确微差爆破的震动能量分布特征和减震机理,采用小波包分析方法对浅埋隧道的大量爆破震动实测数据进行了能量分析。结果表明:普通毫秒雷管爆破震动信号的能量主要分布在中低频带;数码电子雷管爆破震动信号的能量分布在更宽的频带;普通毫秒雷管爆破和数码电子雷管爆破震动信号的主震频带还可以分为若干个分震频带,表现为在若干个特定频率上有较突出的能量集聚;随着雷管段数增加和微差时间的减小,数码电子雷管爆破震动信号的能量频带分布加宽,高频成份的能量增加,爆破震动信号的分震频带数目增加,分震频带有往高频发展的趋势。精确微差爆破能够实现更好的减震效果。
Digital electronic detonators can achieve more precise millisecond blasting.In order to comprehend the vibration energy distribution characteristics and the damping mechanism of precise millisecond blasting,a more sophisticated method of wavelet packet analysis was used to process the shallow tunnel blasting vibration data,and some meaningful conclusions were achieved.Firstly,the energy of the conventional detonator blasting vibration signals mainly distributes in a low-frequency band.However,the energy of the digital electronic detonator blasting vibration signals mainly distributes in a wider band.The main shock of the blasting vibration signals of the conventional and digital electronic detonators can be divided into several sub-shock frequency bands which represent a form of collective energy in several specific frequencies.With the increase in number of the detonators and the decrease of millisecond delay time,the blasting vibration signals of the digital electronic detonators have a wider energy band and higher frequency components of the energy.Moreover,the number of the sub-shock band of the blasting vibration signals tends to increase,and the sub-shock frequency bands move to higher frequency as well.It is concluded that accurate millisecond blasting has better vibration mitigation ability.
Digital electronic detonators can achieve more precise millisecond blasting.In order to comprehend the vibration energy distribution characteristics and the damping mechanism of precise millisecond blasting,a more sophisticated method of wavelet packet analysis was used to process the shallow tunnel blasting vibration data,and some meaningful conclusions were achieved.Firstly,the energy of the conventional detonator blasting vibration signals mainly distributes in a low-frequency band.However,the energy of the digital electronic detonator blasting vibration signals mainly distributes in a wider band.The main shock of the blasting vibration signals of the conventional and digital electronic detonators can be divided into several sub-shock frequency bands which represent a form of collective energy in several specific frequencies.With the increase in number of the detonators and the decrease of millisecond delay time,the blasting vibration signals of the digital electronic detonators have a wider energy band and higher frequency components of the energy.Moreover,the number of the sub-shock band of the blasting vibration signals tends to increase,and the sub-shock frequency bands move to higher frequency as well.It is concluded that accurate millisecond blasting has better vibration mitigation ability.
引文
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[9]郭学彬,肖正学,张志呈,等.毫秒电雷管起爆法跳段原因分析[J].爆破器材,1997,26(5):16-19.GUO Xue-bin,XIAO Zheng-xue,ZHANG Zhi-cheng,et al.Analysis of the cause or delay period skipping inthe initiation or MS delay detonator[J].Journal of Ex-plosion Materials,1997,26(5):16-19.(in Chinese).
[10]吴新霞,赵根,王文辉,等.数码雷管起爆系统及雷管性能测试[J].爆破,2006,23(4):93-96.WU Xin-xia,ZHAO Gen,WANG Wen-hui,et al.Digital detonators performance test and energy controlsystem[J].Blasting,2006,23(4):93-96.(in Chinese).
[11]BANDA R,RHODES N.Electronic delay detonators-a unique solution to pertinent mining problems[J].The Journal of The South African Institute of Miningand Metallurgy,2005(105):615-618.
[12]王鹏.可编程电子延期雷管研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2007.
[13]MALLAT S G.A theory for multidimension signal de-composition:the wavelet models[J].IEEE Transac-tions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,1989(11):674-693.
[14]DAUBECHIES I.The wavelet transform,time-fre-quency localization and signal analysis[J].IEEETransactions on Information Theory,1990,36(5):961-1005.
[15]周德廉,邵国友.现代测试技术与信号分析[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2005.
[16]中国生.基于小波变换爆破振动分析的应用基础研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2006.
[2]SPATHIS A T.On the energy effciency of blasting[C].Proceedings of the Sixth International Symposium on RockFragmentation by Blasting.Johannesburg:The South Afri-ca Institute of Mining and Metallurgy,1999.
[3]陈银鲁.爆破震动信号的能量分析方法及其应用研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2010.
[4]林大超,施惠基,白春华,等.基于小波变换的爆破振动时频特征分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(1):101-106.LIN Da-chao,SHI Hui-ji,BAI Chun-hua,et al.Time-frequency characteristic analysis of blasting vi-bration based on wavelet transform[J].Chinese Jour-nal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(1):101-106.(in Chinese).
[5]凌同华,李夕兵.多段微差爆破振动信号频带能量分布特征的小波包分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(7):1117-1122.LING Tong-hua,LI Xi-bing.Analysis of energy dis-tributions of millisecond blasting vibration signals u-sing the wavelet packet method[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(7):1117-1122.(in Chinese).
[6]凌同华,李夕兵.单段爆破振动信号频带能量分布特征的小波包分析[J].振动与冲击,2007,26(5):41-43.LING Tong-hua,LI Xi-bing.Features of energy dis-tributions of single deck blast vibration signals withwavelet packet analysis[J].Journal of Vibration andShock,2007,26(5):41-43.(in Chinese).
[7]晏俊伟,龙源,方向,等.基于小波包变换的爆破地震波时频特征提取及分析[J].振动与冲击,2007,26(4):25-29.YAN Jun-wei,LONG Yuan,FANG Xiang,et al.Time-frequency characteristics extracting and analysisof blasting seismic wave based on wavelet packet trans-formation[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2007,26(4):25-29.(in Chinese).
[8]晏俊伟,龙源,方向,等.基于小波变换的爆破振动信号能量分布特征分析[J].爆炸与冲击,2007,27(5):405-410.YAN Jun-wei,LONG Yuan,FANG Xiang,et al.A-nalysis on features of energy distribution for blastingseismic wave based on wavelet transform[J].Journalof Explosion and Shock Waves,2007,27(5):405-410.(in Chinese).
[9]郭学彬,肖正学,张志呈,等.毫秒电雷管起爆法跳段原因分析[J].爆破器材,1997,26(5):16-19.GUO Xue-bin,XIAO Zheng-xue,ZHANG Zhi-cheng,et al.Analysis of the cause or delay period skipping inthe initiation or MS delay detonator[J].Journal of Ex-plosion Materials,1997,26(5):16-19.(in Chinese).
[10]吴新霞,赵根,王文辉,等.数码雷管起爆系统及雷管性能测试[J].爆破,2006,23(4):93-96.WU Xin-xia,ZHAO Gen,WANG Wen-hui,et al.Digital detonators performance test and energy controlsystem[J].Blasting,2006,23(4):93-96.(in Chinese).
[11]BANDA R,RHODES N.Electronic delay detonators-a unique solution to pertinent mining problems[J].The Journal of The South African Institute of Miningand Metallurgy,2005(105):615-618.
[12]王鹏.可编程电子延期雷管研究[D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2007.
[13]MALLAT S G.A theory for multidimension signal de-composition:the wavelet models[J].IEEE Transac-tions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence,1989(11):674-693.
[14]DAUBECHIES I.The wavelet transform,time-fre-quency localization and signal analysis[J].IEEETransactions on Information Theory,1990,36(5):961-1005.
[15]周德廉,邵国友.现代测试技术与信号分析[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2005.
[16]中国生.基于小波变换爆破振动分析的应用基础研究[D].长沙:中南大学,2006.
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