梯度结构张量分析法在三维地震资料河道砂体预测中的应用
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摘要
梯度结构张量分析是近年来引入地震解释领域的一种新的属性分析方法,可用于识别地震数据体中的具有不同纹理特征的沉积地貌单元。在地震剖面上,河道沉积充填模式主要有上超充填、侧向加积、复合充填及杂乱和无反射充填等类型;从图像纹理角度来看,前3种表现为弯曲层状纹理,后2种则为杂乱纹理。以四川盆地北部X地区下侏罗统河流相储层为例,对三维地震数据体开展梯度结构张量分析,提取反映河道纹理特征的各向异性参数,通过地层切片刻画河道地貌单元的形态和空间展布特征,取得了满意效果。与常规方法提取的相干及几何属性比较,该方法的抗噪性更好,对河道等沉积地貌单元的反映更为灵敏。
Gradient structure tensor analysis is a new seismic attribute analysis method introduced into seismic interpretation in recent years.It can be used to identify sedimentary topographic units with different lamination features in seismic data volume.On seismic profile,channel fill patterns mainly include onlap fill,lateral aggradations,composite fill,and fills in chaotic and blanket reflection.As to lamination on images,the former 3 types of fills show curved layered lamination,while the later 2 types of fills show chaotic lamination.Through a case study of the Lower Jurassic reservoir of fluvial facies in the northern Sichuan Basin,gradient structure tensor analysis is performed on 3D seismic data to obtain the anisotropy parameters reflecting the lamination features of channel deposits.The strata slice is adopted to describe the geomorphic unit and spatial distribution of the channels with satisfactory results.In comparison with the conventional methods for obtaining coherent and geometry attributes,this method has a strong noise-proof ability and is more sensitive to sedimentary topographic units such as channels.
Gradient structure tensor analysis is a new seismic attribute analysis method introduced into seismic interpretation in recent years.It can be used to identify sedimentary topographic units with different lamination features in seismic data volume.On seismic profile,channel fill patterns mainly include onlap fill,lateral aggradations,composite fill,and fills in chaotic and blanket reflection.As to lamination on images,the former 3 types of fills show curved layered lamination,while the later 2 types of fills show chaotic lamination.Through a case study of the Lower Jurassic reservoir of fluvial facies in the northern Sichuan Basin,gradient structure tensor analysis is performed on 3D seismic data to obtain the anisotropy parameters reflecting the lamination features of channel deposits.The strata slice is adopted to describe the geomorphic unit and spatial distribution of the channels with satisfactory results.In comparison with the conventional methods for obtaining coherent and geometry attributes,this method has a strong noise-proof ability and is more sensitive to sedimentary topographic units such as channels.
引文
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[2]曾忠,阎世信,魏修成,等.地震属性解释技术的研究及确定性分析[J].天然气工业,2006,26(3):41-43.
[3]KNUTSSON H.Representing local structure using tensors[C]∥The 6th Scandinavian Conference on Image Analysis,19-22 June 1989,Oulu,Finland:Pattern Recognition Let-ters,1989:244-251.
[4]RAO A R,SCHUNCK B G.Computing oriented texturefields[J].Graphical Models and Image Processing,1991,53(2):157-185.
[5]BAKKER P.Image structure analysis for seismic interpre-tation[D].Deft,Netherlands:Technische UniversiteitDelft,2003.
[6]RANDEN T,PEDERSEN S I,SфNNELAND L.Automaticdetection and extraction of faults from three-dimensionalseismic data[C]∥Annual Meeting of the Society of Explo-ration Geophysicists,9-11 April 2001,San Antonio,USA.USA:SEG,2001.
[7]张军华,董猛,周振晓,等.基于GST的相干体方法研究及应用[J].天然气工业,2007,27(增刊1):381-383.
[8]VAIL P R.Seismic stratigraphic interpretation procedure[M]∥Bally A W,Atlas of Seismic Stratigraphy,vol.27.USA:American Association of Petroleum Geologists Stud-ies in Geology,1997:135-143.
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