液化地基侧向流动引起的桩基础破坏分析
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摘要
20世纪60年代以来,流动地基中的桩基础的震害现象和抗震设计受到了工程师和研究者的广泛关注。对侧向流动地基中桩基础的一些典型震害现象和其可能震害原因的归纳和分析,显示目前研究仍不能完全解释侧向流动地基中桩基础的震害现象。选取新泻地震中昭和大桥桩基础破坏案例采用p-y方法进行计算,分析地基侧向流动引起的桩基础破坏的影响因素。计算结果显示,合理地描述液化砂土的p-y曲线模型在侧向流动地基桩基础分析中起到关键作用。对于侧向流动地基中桩基础的震害机制的进一步理解和抗震设计,有赖于更为合理和有效地液化砂土中的p-y模型的发展。
Pile foundation failures in lateral spreading ground have attracted the attentions of engineers and researchers since the Niigata and Alaska earthquakes.Study of typical cases of pile failures in lateral spreading ground and analysis of some previously proposed causes of the failures indicate that a mechanism which could completely explain the failures is yet to be found.By analyzing the failure of Showa Bridge during the Niigata earthquake through p-y method,this paper looks into influence factors for the failure of piles due to lateral spreading.Results show that appropriate p-y models for liquefied soil are vital in the analysis of piles in lateral spreading ground;further understanding and better aseismic design of piles in lateral spreading ground depends on the development of effective p-y curve models for liquefied soil.
Pile foundation failures in lateral spreading ground have attracted the attentions of engineers and researchers since the Niigata and Alaska earthquakes.Study of typical cases of pile failures in lateral spreading ground and analysis of some previously proposed causes of the failures indicate that a mechanism which could completely explain the failures is yet to be found.By analyzing the failure of Showa Bridge during the Niigata earthquake through p-y method,this paper looks into influence factors for the failure of piles due to lateral spreading.Results show that appropriate p-y models for liquefied soil are vital in the analysis of piles in lateral spreading ground;further understanding and better aseismic design of piles in lateral spreading ground depends on the development of effective p-y curve models for liquefied soil.
引文
[1]ROSS G,SEED H,MIGLIACIO R.Performance of highway bridge foundations in the great Alaska earthquake of 1964[M].Berkeley:University of Calfornia.
[2]HAMADA M.Large ground deformations and their effects on lifelines:1964 Niigata earthquake.Case studies of liquefaction and lifelines performance during past earthquake[R].[S.l].:National Centre for Earthquake Engineering Research,1992.
[3]刘金砺,高文生,邱明兵.建筑桩基技术规范应用手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.
[4]YOSHIDA N,WATANABE H,YASUDA S.Liquefaction-induced ground failure and related damage to structures during 1991 Telire-Limon,Costa Rica,earthquake[M]//Hawaii:NCEER,1992.
[5]HAMADA M,WAKAMATSU K.Liquefaction,ground deformaion and their related damage to structures[R].[S.l].:Committee of Earthquake Engineering,Japan Society of Civil Engineers,1996.
[6]刘惠珊.桩基震害及原因分析——日本阪神大地震的启示[J].工程抗震,1999,1:37-43.LIU Hui-shan.A discussion on seismic design of pile foundation[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering,1999,1:37-43.
[7]张建民.水平地基液化后大变形对桩基础的影响[J].建筑结构学报,2001,22(5):75-78.ZHANG Jian-min.Influence of large deformation in horizontal ground on pile foundations[J].Journal of Building Structures,2001,22(5):75-78.
[8]TOKIMATSU K,SUZUKI H,SATO M.Effects of inertial and kinematic interaction on seismic behavior of pile with embedded foundation[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2005,25(7-10):753-762.
[9]LIU L,DOBRY R.Effect of liquefaction on lateral response of piles by centrifuge model tests[J].National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research(NCEER)Bulletin,1995,9(1):7-11.
[10]CUBRINOVSKI M,KOKUSHO T,ISHIHARA K.Interpretation from large-scale shake table tests on piles undergoing lateral spreading in liquefied soils[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2006,26(2-4):275-286.
[11]DOBRY R,ABDOUN T,O'ROURKE T D,GOH S H.Single piles in lateral spreads:Field bending moment evaluation[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2003,129(10):879-889.
[12]FINN W D L,FUJITA N.Piles in liquefiable soils:Seismic analysis and design issues[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2002,22(9-12):731-742.
[13]徐自国,宋二祥.刚性桩复合地基抗震性能的有限元分析[J].岩土力学.2004,25(2):179-184.XU Zi-Guo,SONG Er-xiang.Finite element analysis for seismic response of rigid pile composite foundations[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics.2004,25(2):179-184.
[14]武思宇,宋二祥.刚性桩复合地基地震反应机理分析[J].岩土力学.2009,30(3):785-792.WU Si-yu,SONG Er-Xiang.Mechanism analysis of earthquake responses of rigid pile composite foundation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics.2009,30(3):785-792.
[15]REESE L C,VAN IMPE W F.Single pile and pile groups under lateral loading[M].[S.l].:Taylor&Francis,2000.
[16]ROLLINS K M,GERBER T M,LANE J D,et al.Lateral resistance of a full-scale pile group in liquefied sand[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2005,131(1):115-125.
[17]BRANDENBERG S J,BOULANGER R W,KUTTER B L,et al.Behavior of pile foundations in laterally spreading ground during centrifuge tests[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2005,131(11):1378-1391.
[18]凌贤长,唐亮.液化场地桩基侧向响应分析中p-y曲线模型研究进展[J].力学进展.2010,(3):250-262.LING Xian-chang,TANG Liang.Recent advance of p-y curve to model lateral response of pile foundation on liquefied ground[J].Advances in Mechanics,2010,(3):250-262.
[19]YOSHIDA N,TAZOH T,WAKAMATSU K,et al.Causes of Showa bridge collapse in the 1964 Niigata earthquake based on eyewitness testimony[J].Soils and Foundations.2007,47(6):1075-1087.
[20]BHATTACHARYA S,MADABHUSHI S P G,BOLTON M D.An alternative mechanism of pile failure in liquefiable deposits during earthquakes[J].Geotechnique.2005,55(3):259-263.
[21]DASH S R,BHATTACHARYA S,BLAKEBOROUGH A.Bending–buckling interaction as a failure mechanism of piles in liquefiable soils[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering.2010,31(2):115-126.
[22]KERCIKU A A,BHATTACHARYA S,LUBKOWSKI Z A,et al.Failure of showa bridge during the 1964 Niigata earthquake:Lateral spreading or buckling instability?[C]//Proceedings of the Fourteenth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,[S.l].:[s.n].,2008.
[23]中华人民共和国行业标准.港口工程桩基规范[S].北京:中华人民共和国交通部,1998.
[24]API.2A(WSD).Recommended Practice or Planning,Designing,and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms—Working Stress Design[S].[S.l].:[s.n].,2000.
[25]Meyerhof GG.Discussion on soil properties and their measurement[C]//Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering.[S.l].:[s.n].,1957.
[26]Specifications for highway bridges,part V.Seismic design[S].Japan:JRA,1996.
[27]MOTOKI K,NORIAKI S,RYOSUKE U.Progressive damage simulation of foundation pile of the Showa bridge caused by lateral spreading during the 1964 Niigata earthquake[J].Geotechnical Engineering for Disaster Mitigation and Rehabilitation,2008,(3):171-176.
[2]HAMADA M.Large ground deformations and their effects on lifelines:1964 Niigata earthquake.Case studies of liquefaction and lifelines performance during past earthquake[R].[S.l].:National Centre for Earthquake Engineering Research,1992.
[3]刘金砺,高文生,邱明兵.建筑桩基技术规范应用手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.
[4]YOSHIDA N,WATANABE H,YASUDA S.Liquefaction-induced ground failure and related damage to structures during 1991 Telire-Limon,Costa Rica,earthquake[M]//Hawaii:NCEER,1992.
[5]HAMADA M,WAKAMATSU K.Liquefaction,ground deformaion and their related damage to structures[R].[S.l].:Committee of Earthquake Engineering,Japan Society of Civil Engineers,1996.
[6]刘惠珊.桩基震害及原因分析——日本阪神大地震的启示[J].工程抗震,1999,1:37-43.LIU Hui-shan.A discussion on seismic design of pile foundation[J].Earthquake Resistant Engineering,1999,1:37-43.
[7]张建民.水平地基液化后大变形对桩基础的影响[J].建筑结构学报,2001,22(5):75-78.ZHANG Jian-min.Influence of large deformation in horizontal ground on pile foundations[J].Journal of Building Structures,2001,22(5):75-78.
[8]TOKIMATSU K,SUZUKI H,SATO M.Effects of inertial and kinematic interaction on seismic behavior of pile with embedded foundation[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2005,25(7-10):753-762.
[9]LIU L,DOBRY R.Effect of liquefaction on lateral response of piles by centrifuge model tests[J].National Center for Earthquake Engineering Research(NCEER)Bulletin,1995,9(1):7-11.
[10]CUBRINOVSKI M,KOKUSHO T,ISHIHARA K.Interpretation from large-scale shake table tests on piles undergoing lateral spreading in liquefied soils[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2006,26(2-4):275-286.
[11]DOBRY R,ABDOUN T,O'ROURKE T D,GOH S H.Single piles in lateral spreads:Field bending moment evaluation[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2003,129(10):879-889.
[12]FINN W D L,FUJITA N.Piles in liquefiable soils:Seismic analysis and design issues[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2002,22(9-12):731-742.
[13]徐自国,宋二祥.刚性桩复合地基抗震性能的有限元分析[J].岩土力学.2004,25(2):179-184.XU Zi-Guo,SONG Er-xiang.Finite element analysis for seismic response of rigid pile composite foundations[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics.2004,25(2):179-184.
[14]武思宇,宋二祥.刚性桩复合地基地震反应机理分析[J].岩土力学.2009,30(3):785-792.WU Si-yu,SONG Er-Xiang.Mechanism analysis of earthquake responses of rigid pile composite foundation[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics.2009,30(3):785-792.
[15]REESE L C,VAN IMPE W F.Single pile and pile groups under lateral loading[M].[S.l].:Taylor&Francis,2000.
[16]ROLLINS K M,GERBER T M,LANE J D,et al.Lateral resistance of a full-scale pile group in liquefied sand[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2005,131(1):115-125.
[17]BRANDENBERG S J,BOULANGER R W,KUTTER B L,et al.Behavior of pile foundations in laterally spreading ground during centrifuge tests[J].Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering,2005,131(11):1378-1391.
[18]凌贤长,唐亮.液化场地桩基侧向响应分析中p-y曲线模型研究进展[J].力学进展.2010,(3):250-262.LING Xian-chang,TANG Liang.Recent advance of p-y curve to model lateral response of pile foundation on liquefied ground[J].Advances in Mechanics,2010,(3):250-262.
[19]YOSHIDA N,TAZOH T,WAKAMATSU K,et al.Causes of Showa bridge collapse in the 1964 Niigata earthquake based on eyewitness testimony[J].Soils and Foundations.2007,47(6):1075-1087.
[20]BHATTACHARYA S,MADABHUSHI S P G,BOLTON M D.An alternative mechanism of pile failure in liquefiable deposits during earthquakes[J].Geotechnique.2005,55(3):259-263.
[21]DASH S R,BHATTACHARYA S,BLAKEBOROUGH A.Bending–buckling interaction as a failure mechanism of piles in liquefiable soils[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering.2010,31(2):115-126.
[22]KERCIKU A A,BHATTACHARYA S,LUBKOWSKI Z A,et al.Failure of showa bridge during the 1964 Niigata earthquake:Lateral spreading or buckling instability?[C]//Proceedings of the Fourteenth World Conference on Earthquake Engineering,[S.l].:[s.n].,2008.
[23]中华人民共和国行业标准.港口工程桩基规范[S].北京:中华人民共和国交通部,1998.
[24]API.2A(WSD).Recommended Practice or Planning,Designing,and Constructing Fixed Offshore Platforms—Working Stress Design[S].[S.l].:[s.n].,2000.
[25]Meyerhof GG.Discussion on soil properties and their measurement[C]//Proceedings of the Fourth International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering.[S.l].:[s.n].,1957.
[26]Specifications for highway bridges,part V.Seismic design[S].Japan:JRA,1996.
[27]MOTOKI K,NORIAKI S,RYOSUKE U.Progressive damage simulation of foundation pile of the Showa bridge caused by lateral spreading during the 1964 Niigata earthquake[J].Geotechnical Engineering for Disaster Mitigation and Rehabilitation,2008,(3):171-176.
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