基于破坏准则的钢筋混凝土结构抗倒塌研究进展
详细信息 本馆镜像全文    |  推荐本文 | | 获取馆网全文
摘要
为了进一步研究钢筋混凝土结构抗倒塌性能,全面总结了各国钢筋混凝土结构抗倒塌性能试验研究与理论分析的现状,重点介绍了抗震结构破坏准则在建筑结构抗地震倒塌研究中的应用情况;在归纳总结的基础上,指出了基于破坏准则的钢筋混凝土框架结构抗地震倒塌研究存在的问题,建议应在构件破坏准则的基础上确定钢筋混凝土框架结构的倒塌准则和损伤评估指标。研究成果为钢筋混凝土结构抗地震倒塌的定量设计及计算分析提供了理论依据。
In order to further study the seismic collapse resistance of reinforced concrete structures,a summary of existing experimental investigation and theoretical analysis of seismic collapse resistance of building structures at home and abroad was presented.The state-of-the-art of studies on damage criterion of earthquake resistant structures for the collapse analysis was analyzed emphatically.Based on the summary of previous research,the existing problems of seismic collapse resistance of reinforced concrete frame structures based on damage criteria were addressed and pointed out for further study.That collapse criteria and damage assessment indexes of reinforced concrete frame structures should be determined based on member damage criteria were suggested.The research results can serve as a theoretical basis for further calculation analysis and quantitative design on seismic collapse resistance of reinforced concrete structures.
引文
[1]清华大学、西南交通大学、北京交通大学土木工程结构专家组.汶川地震建筑震害分析[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(4):1-9.Civil and Structural Groups of Tsinghua University,Southwest Jiaotong University and Beijing JiaotongUniversity.Analysis on Seismic Damage of Buildingsin the Wenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of BuildingStructures,2008,29(4):1-9.
    [2]王亚勇.汶川地震建筑震害启示——三水准设防和抗震设计基本要求[J].建筑结构学报,2008,29(4):26-33.WANG Ya-yong.Lessons Learnt from Building Dam-ages in the Wenchuan Earthquake-Three EarthquakePerformance Objectives and Basic Requirements forSeismic Design of Buildings[J].Journal of BuildingStructures,2008,29(4):26-33.
    [3]GB 50011—2001,建筑抗震设计规范[S].GB 50011—2001,Code for Seismic Design of Build-ings[S].
    [4]ACI 318-08,Building Code Requirements for Struc-tural Concrete(ACI 318-08)and Commentary[S].
    [5]GSA 2003,Progressive Collapse Analysis and DesignGuidelines for New Federal Office Buildings andMajor Modernization Projects[S].
    [6]UFC 4-010-01,Design of Building to Resist Progres-sive Collapse[S].
    [7]ASCE/SEI 7-05,Minimum Design Loads for Build-ings and Other Structures[S].
    [8]BS 6399-1:1996,Loading for Buildings.Part 1:Codeof Practice for Dead and Imposed Loads[S].
    [9]ICC 2005,International Building Code[S].
    [10]CCBFC 1995,National Building Code of Canada[S].
    [11]DEIERLEIN G G,LIEL A B,HASELTON C B,et al.ATC 63 Methodology for Evaluating Seismic CollapseSafety of Archetype Buildings[C/CD]//ANDERSOND,VENTURA C,HARVEY D,et al.Structural Con-gress 2008:Crossing Borders.Vancouver:ASCE,2008:1-10.
    [12]刘伯权,赖明,白绍良.地震作用下剪切型结构的可靠性分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,1996,16(1):39-48.LIU Bo-quan,LAI Ming,BAI Shao-liang.ReliabilityAnalysis of Shear Type Structures Subjected toEarthquake[J].Earthquake Engineering and En-gineering Vibration,1996,16(1):39-48.
    [13]KIM H S,KIM J,AN D W.Development of Integrat-ed System for Progressive Collapse Analysis of Build-ing Structures Considering Dynamic Effects[J].Ad-vances in Engineering Software,2009,40(1):1-8.
    [14]ELLINGWOOD B R.Mitigating Risk from AbnormalLoads and Progressive Collapse[J].Journal of Per-formance of Constructed Facilities,2006,20(4):315-323.
    [15]BAKER J F.Plasticity as a Factor in the Design ofWar-time Structures[R].London:Institution of CivilEngineers,1948:30-53.
    [16]BAKER J F,LEAD W E,LAX P.The Design ofFramed Buildings Against High-explosive Bombs[R].London:Institution of Civil Engineers,1948:80-113.
    [17]PEARSON C,DELATTE N.Ronan Point ApartmentTower Collapse and Its Effect on Building Codes[J].Journal of Performance of Constructed Facilities,2005,19(2):172-177.
    [18]KAEWKULCHAI G,WILLIAMSON E B.Beam Elem-ent Formulation and Solution Procedure for DynamicProgressive Collapse Analysis[J].Computers&Structures,2004,82(7/8):639-651.
    [19]SOZEN M A,SRMLAKAR P F,CORLEY W G.TheOklahoma City Bombing:Structure and Mechanismsof the Murrah Building[J].Journal of Performance ofConstructed Facilities,1998,12(3):120-136.
    [20]陆新征,江见鲸.世界贸易中心飞机撞击后倒塌过程的仿真分析[J].土木工程学报,2001,34(6):8-10.LU Xin-zheng,JIANG Jian-jing.Dynamic Finite Elem-ent Simulation for the Collapse of World Trade Center[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2001,34(6):8-10.
    [21]TAYLOR D.Progressive Collapse[J].Canadian Jour-nal of Civil Engineering,1975,2(4):517-529.
    [22]BREEN J E,SIESS C P.Progressive Collapse-Sym-posium Summary[J].ACI Structural Journal,1979,76(9):997-1004.
    [23]ELLINGWOOD B R,LEYENDECKER E V.Ap-proaches for Design Against Progressive Collapse[J].Journal of the Structural Division,1978,104(3):413-423.
    [24]GROSS J L,MCGUIRE W.Progressive Collapse Re-sistant Design[J].Journal of the Structural Engineer-ing,1983,109(1):1-15.
    [25]WOOD S L,STARK R,GREER S A.Collapse ofEight-story RC Building During 1985 Chile Earth-quake[J].Journal of the Structural Engineering,1991,117(2):600-619.
    [26]刘伯权,赖明,杨红.多层建筑考虑低周疲劳特性的地震倒塌反应分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,1994,14(2):86-93.LIU Bo-quan,LAI Ming,YANG Hong.Analysis ofCollapse Earthquake Responses of Multi-story Build-ings Taking Account of Structural Low-cycle FatigueCharacter[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineer-ing Vibration,1994,14(2):86-93.
    [27]CORLEY W G,MLAKAR P F,SOZEN M A,et al.The Oklahoma City Bombing:Summary and Recom-mendations for Multihazard Mitigation[J].Journal ofPerformance of Constructed Facilities,1998,12(3):100-112.
    [28]魏琏,戴国莹.唐山地震作用下一座三层钢筋混凝土框架结构倒塌的分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,1981,1(1):25-33.WEI Lian,DAI Guo-ying.A Study on the Collapse ofa Three-storey Reinforced Concrete Framed Structurein a Factory During the Tangshan Earthquakes[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1981,1(1):25-33.
    [29]王志浩,苗启松,陈肇元.冲击波作用下剪力墙房屋的倒塌试验研究[J].建筑结构学报,1993,14(1):26-34.WANG Zhi-hao,MIAO Qi-song,CHEN Zhao-yuan.Experimental Study on Collapse Process of ShearWall Building Under Blast Loading[J].Journal ofBuilding Structures,1993,14(1):26-34.
    [30]VIAN D,BRUNEAU M.Tests to Structural Collapseof Single Degree of Freedom Frames Subjected toEarthquake Excitations[J].Journal of the StructuralEngineering,2003,129(12):1676-1685.
    [31]ELWOOD K J.Shake Table Tests and AnalyticalStudies on the Gravity Load Collapse of ReinforcedConcrete Frames[D].Berkeley:University of Califor-nia,2002.
    [32]ELWOOD K J,MOEHLE J P.Drift Capacity of Re-inforced Concrete Columns with Light TransverseReinforcement[J].Earthquake Spectra,2005,21(1):71-89.
    [33]NAKASHIMA M,MATSUMIYA T,SUITA K,et al.Test on Full-scale Three-storey Steel MomentFrame and Assessment of Ability of Numerical Simu-lation to Trace Cyclic Inelastic Behaviour[J].Earth-quake Engineering&Structural Dynamics,2005,35(1):3-19.
    [34]KASAI K,OOKI Y,MOTOYUI S,et al.E-defenseTests on Full-scale Steel Buildings:Part 1—Experi-ments Using Dampers and Isolators[C]//ASCE.Structural Engineering Research Frontiers 2007.LongBeach:ASCE,2007:1-12.
    [35]SUITA K,YAMADA S,TADA M,et al.Results ofRecent E-defense Tests on Full-scale Steel Buildings:Part 1—Collapse Experiments on 4-story MomentFrames[C/CD]//ANDERSON D,VENTURA C,HARVEY D,et al.Structural Congress 2008:Cross-ing Borders.Vancouver:ASCE,2008:1-10.
    [36]YAVARI S,ELWOOD K J,LIN S H,et al.Experi-mental Study on Dynamic Behavior of Multi-story Re-inforced Concrete Frames with Non-seismic Detailing[C]//ASCE.Proceedings of the 2009 ATC&SEIConference on Improving the Seismic Performance ofExisting Buildings and Other Structures.San Francis-co:ASCE,2009:489-499.
    [37]YI W J,HE Q F,XIAO Y,et al.Experimental Studyon Progressive Collapse-resistant Behavior of Re-inforced Concrete Frame Structures[J].ACI Structur-al Journal,2008,105(4):433-439.
    [38]SASANI M,BAZAN M,SAGIROGLU S.Experimen-tal and Analytical Progressive Collapse Evaluation ofActual Reinforced Concrete Structure[J].ACI Struc-tural Journal,2007,104(6):731-739.
    [39]AKINCI N O.An Investigation on Seismic Resistanceof Reinforced Concrete Industrial Chimneys[C]//ASCE.Proceedings of the 2009 ATC&SEI Confer-ence on Improving the Seismic Performance of Exist-ing Buildings and Other Structures.San Francisco:ASCE,2009:964-971.
    [40]SASANI M,SAGIROGLU S.Progressive CollapseResistance of Hotel San Diego[J].Journal of Struc-tural Engineering,2008,134(3):478-488.
    [41]BANGASH T,MUNJIZA A.A Computationally Effi-cient Beam Element for FEM/DEM Simulations ofStructural Failure and Collapse[C]//ASCE.Proceed-ings of the Third International Conference on DiscreteElement Methods.New Mexico:ASCE,2002:133-137.
    [42]金伟良,方韬.钢筋混凝土框架结构破坏性能的离散单元法模拟[J].工程力学,2005,22(4):67-73.JIN Wei-liang,FANG Tao.Numerical Simulation ofFailure Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Frame Struc-tures by Discrete Element Method[J].EngineeringMechanics,2005,22(4):67-73.
    [43]SCOTT M H,FENVES G L.Krylov Subspace Accel-erated Newton Algorithm Application to DynamicProgressive Collapse Simulation of Frames[J].Jour-nal of Structural Engineering,2010,136(5):473-480.
    [44]吕大刚,于晓辉,王光远.基于单地震动记录IDA方法的结构倒塌分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2009,29(6):33-39.LU Da-gang,YU Xiao-hui,WANG Guang-yuan.Structural Collapse Analysis Based on Single-recordIDA Method[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineeringand Engineering Vibration,2009,29(6):33-39.
    [45]SU Y P,QI J R,LIU Y.Finite Element Simulation onProgressive Collapse Resistance of Reinforced-con-crete Frame[C]//ASCE.Proceeding of the EleventhBiennial ASCE Aerospace Division International Con-ference on Engineering,Science,Construction,andOperation in Challenging Environments.Long Beach:ASCE,2008:1-7.
    [46]PUJOL S,SMITH-PARDO J P.A New Perspectiveon the Effects of Abrupt Column Removal[J].Engin-eering Structures,2009,31(4):869-874.
    [47]MOHAMED O A.Assessment of Progressive Col-lapse Potential in Corner Floor Panels of ReinforcedConcrete Buildings[J].Engineering Structures,2009,31(3):749-757.
    [48]TSAI M H,LIN B H.Investigation of ProgressiveCollapse Resistance and Inelastic Response for anEarthquake-resistant RC Building Subjected to Col-umn Failure[J].Engineering Structures,2008,30(12):3619-3628.
    [49]KWASNIEWSKI L.Nonlinear Dynamic Simulationsof Progressive Collapse for a Multistory Building[J].Engineering Structures,2010,32(5):1223-1235.
    [50]LEE C H,KIM S,HAN K H,et al.Simplified Non-linear Progressive Collapse Analysis of Welded SteelMoment Frames[J].Journal of Constructional SteelResearch,2009,65(5):1130-1137.
    [51]唐曹明,徐培福,徐自国,等.钢筋混凝土框架结构楼层刚度比限制方法研究[J].土木工程学报,2009,42(12):128-134.TANG Cao-ming,XU Pei-fu,XU Zi-guo,et al.AStudy of the Method for Limiting the Story StiffnessRatio of RC Frame Structures[J].China Civil En-gineering Journal,2009,42(12):128-134.
    [52]师燕超,李忠献,郝洪.爆炸荷载作用下钢筋混凝土框架结构的连续倒塌分析[J].解放军理工大学学报:自然科学版,2007,8(6):652-658.SHI Yan-chao,LI Zhong-xian,HAO Hong.NumericalAnalysis of Progressive Collapse of Reinforced Con-crete Frame Under Blast Loading[J].Journal of PLAUniversity of Science and Technology:Natural Sci-ence Edition,2007,8(6):652-658.
    [53]陆新征,李易,叶列平,等.钢筋混凝土框架结构抗连续倒塌设计方法的研究[J].工程力学,2008,25(增2):150-157.LU Xin-zheng,LI Yi,YE Lie-ping,et al.Study on De-sign Method to Resist Progressive Collapse for Re-inforced Concrete Frames[J].Engineering Mechan-ics,2008,25(S2):150-157.
    [54]宣纲,顾祥林,吕西林.强震作用下混凝土框架结构倒塌过程的数值分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2003,23(6):24-30.XUAN Gang,GU Xiang-lin,LU Xi-lin.NumericalAnalysis of Collapse Process for RC Frame StructuresSubjected to Strong Earthquakes[J].Earthquake En-gineering and Engineering Vibration,2003,23(6):24-30.
    [55]IRTEM E,TURKER K,HASGUL U.Causes of Col-lapse and Damage to Low-rise RC Buildings in RecentTurkish Earthquakes[J].Journal of Performance ofConstructed Facilities,2007,21(5):351-360.
    [56]苏幼坡,张玉敏,王绍杰,等.从汶川地震看提高建筑结构抗倒塌能力的必要性和可行性[J].土木工程学报,2009,42(5):25-32.SU You-po,ZHANG Yu-min,WANG Shao-jie,et al.The Necessity and Feasibility of Enhancing SeismicDesign of Structures Based on the Wenchuan Earth-quake[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2009,42(5):25-32.
    [57]张富文,吕西林.框架结构不同倒塌模式的数值模拟与分析[J].建筑结构学报,2009,30(5):119-125.ZHANG Fu-wen,LU Xi-lin.Numerical Simulationand Analysis of Different Collapse Patterns for RCFrame Structure[J].Journal of Building Structures,2009,30(5):119-125.
    [58]林旭川,潘鹏,叶列平,等.汶川地震中典型RC框架结构的震害仿真与分析[J].土木工程学报,2009,42(5):13-20.LIN Xu-chuan,PAN Peng,YE Lie-ping,et al.Analy-sis of the Damage Mechanism of a Typical RC Framein Wenchuan Earthquake[J].China Civil EngineeringJournal,2009,42(5):13-20.
    [59]叶列平,陆新征,赵世春,等.框架结构抗地震倒塌能力的研究——汶川地震极震区几个框架结构震害案例分析[J].建筑结构学报,2009,30(6):67-76.YE Lie-ping,LU Xin-zheng,ZHAO Shi-chun,et al.Seismic Collapse Resistance of RC Frame Structures-Case Studies on Seismic Damages of Several RCFrame Structures Under Extreme Ground Motion inWenchuan Earthquake[J].Journal of Building Struc-tures,2009,30(6):67-76.
    [60]OTANI S.RC Building Damage Statistics and SDFResponse with Design Seismic Forces[J].EarthquakeSpectra,1999,15(3):485-501.
    [61]刘伯权,白绍良,刘鸣.抗震结构的等效延性破坏准则及其子结构试验验证[J].地震工程与工程振动,1997,17(3):77-83.LIU Bo-quan,BAI Shao-liang,LIU Ming.EquivalentDuctility Damage Criteria of Earthquake-resistantStructures and Their Verification by SubstructureMethod[J].Earthquake Engineering and EngineeringVibration,1997,17(3):77-83.
    [62]甘泉,黄良璧.钢筋混凝土抗震框架倒塌分析[J].西安建筑科技大学学报:自然科学版,1998,30(1):1-4.GAN Quan,HUANG Liang-bi.Collapse Analysis ofAseismic R.C Frame Structures[J].Journal of Xi anUniversity of Architecture&Technology:NaturalScience Edition,1998,30(1):1-4.
    [63]BAO Y H,KUNNATH S K,EL-TAWIL S,et al.Macromodel-based Simulation of Progressive Col-lapse:RC Frame Structures[J].Journal of the Struc-tural Engineering,2008,134(7):1079-1091.
    [64]LASKAR A,GU H C,MO Y L,et al.ProgressiveCollapse of a 2-story Reinforced Concrete Frame[C]//ASCE.Proceeding of the Eleventh BiennialASCE Aerospace Division International Conference onEngineering,Science,Construction,and Operation inChallenging Environments.Long Beach:ASCE,2008:11-19.
    [65]HARTMANN D,BREIDT M,NGUYEN V,et al.Structural Collapse Simulation Under Considerationof Uncertainty-Fundamental Concept and Results[J].Computers&Structures,2008,86(21/22):2064-2078.
    [66]GUNAY S,KOROLYK M,MAR D,et al.Infill Wallsas a Spine to Enhance the Seismic Performance ofNon-ductile Reinforced Concrete Frames[C]//ASCE.Proceedings of the 2009 ATC&SEI Conference onImproving the Seismic Performance of Existing Build-ings and Other Structures.San Francisco:ASCE,2009:1093-1104.
    [67]SASANI M.Response of a Reinforced Concrete In-filled-frame Structure to Removal of Two AdjacentColumns[J].Engineering Structures,2008,30(9):2478-2491.
    [68]MUNSHI J.State-of-the-art vs.State-of-the Practicein Blast and Progressive Collapse Design of Re-inforced Concrete Structures[C]//ASCE.Proceedingsof Structures Congress 2004.Nashville:ASCE,2004:1-10.
    [69]沈聚敏,周锡元,高小旺,等.抗震工程学[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000.SHEN Ju-min,ZHOU Xi-yuan,GAO Xiao-wang,et al.Aseismic Engineering[M].Beijing:China Archi-tecture&Building Press,2000.
    [70]刘伯权.抗震结构的破坏准则及可靠性分析[M].北京:中国建材工业出版社,1995.LIU Bo-quan.Damage Criteria and Reliability Analy-sis of Earthquake Resistant Structures[M].Beijing:China Building Material Industrial Publishing House,1995.
    [71]刘伯权,白绍良,赖明.抗震结构的破坏准则评述及探讨[J].重庆建筑工程学院学报,1993,15(4):1-8,21.LIU Bo-quan,BAI Shao-liang,LAI Ming.A Reviewand Analysis of Failure Criteria for Aseismic Struc-tures[J].Journal of Chongqing Institute of Architec-ture and Engineering,1993,15(4):1-8,21.
    [72]瞿伟廉,李桂青.建筑结构地震破坏机制的探讨[J].工程抗震,1990(3):27-30.QU Wei-lian,LI Gui-qing.Discussion on Failure Cri-teria for Building Structures[J].Earthquake ResistantEngineering,1990(3):27-30.
    [73]NEWMARK N M.An Engineering Approach to BlastResistant Design[R].New York:American Society ofCivil Engineers Transactions,1956:45-65.
    [74]KASIRAJ I,YAO J T P.Fatigue Damage in SeismicStructures[J].Journal of the Structural Engineering,1969,95(8):1673-1692.
    [75]TANG J P,YAO J T P.Expected Fatigue Damage ofSeismic Structures[J].Journal of the Structural En-gineering,1972,98(3):695-708.
    [76]BANON H,IRVINE H M,BIGGS J M.Seismic Dam-age in Reinforced Concrete Frames[J].Journal of theStructural Engineering,1981,107(9):1713-1729.
    [77]PARK Y J,ANG H S,WEN Y K.Damage-limitingAseismic Design of Buildings[J].Earthquake Spectra,1987,3(1):1-26.
    [78]陈永祁,龚思礼.结构在地震动时延性和累积塑性耗能的双重破坏准则[J].建筑结构学报,1986,7(1):35-48.CHEN Yong-qi,GONG Si-li.Double Control DamageIndex of Structural Ductility and Dissipated EnergyDuring Earthquake[J].Journal of Building Struc-tures,1986,7(1):35-48.
    [79]刘伯权,徐云中,白绍良.钢筋混凝土柱在等幅对称位移循环加载下的低周疲劳性能[J].重庆建筑大学学报,1996,18(2):34-42.LIU Bo-quan,XU Yun-zhong,BAI Shao-liang.Low-cyclic Fatigue Behavior of Reinforced Concrete Col-umn Subjected to Symmetric Displacement Cycling[J].Journal of Chongqing Jianzhu University,1996,18(2):34-42.
    [80]MCCABE S L,HALL W J.Assessment of SeismicStructural Damage[J].Journal of the Structural En-gineering,1989,115(9):2166-2183.
    [81]FAJFAR P.A Nonlinear Analysis Method for Per-formance Based Seismic Design[J].Earthquake Spec-tra,2000,16(3):573-592.
    [82]SADEGHIK,LAMIRAULT J,SIEFFERT J G.Dam-age Indicator Improvement Applied on R/C Struc-tures Subjected to Cyclic Loading[C]//MOAN T.Proceedings of the Second European Conference onStructural Dynamics.Rotterdam:Balkema A A,1993:129-136.
    [83]RAO P S,SARMA B S,LAKSHMANAN N,et al.Damage Model for Reinforced Concrete ElementsUnder Cyclic Loading[J].ACI Materials Journal,1998,95(6):682-690.
    [84]欧进萍,牛荻涛,王光远.多层非线性抗震钢结构的模糊动力可靠性分析与设计[J].地震工程与工程振动,1990,10(4):27-37.OU Jin-ping,NIU Di-tao,WANG Guang-yuan.FuzzyDynamical Reliability Analysis and Design of Multi-story Nonlinear Aseismic Steel Structures[J].Earth-quake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,1990,10(4):27-37.
    [85]欧进萍,吴波.有损伤压弯构件的恢复力试验研究及其应用[J].建筑结构学报,1995,16(6):21-29.OU Jin-ping,WU Bo.Experimental Research on Re-storing Force of Damaged Compresson-flexure Mem-bers and Its Applications[J].Journal of BuildingStructures,1995,16(6):21-29.
    [86]牛荻涛,任利杰.改进的钢筋混凝土结构双参数地震破坏模型[J].地震工程与工程振动,1996,16(4):44-54.NIU Di-tao,REN Li-jie.A Modified Seismic DamageModel with Double Variables for Reinforced ConcreteStructures[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineer-ing Vibration,1996,16(4):44-54.
    [87]王东升,冯启民,王国新.考虑低周疲劳寿命的改进Park-Ang地震损伤模型[J].土木工程学报,2004,37(11):41-49.WANG Dong-sheng,FENG Qi-min,WANG Guo-xin.A Modified Park-Ang Seismic Damage Model Consid-ering Low-cycle Fatigue Life[J].China Civil En-gineering Journal,2004,37(11):41-49.
    [88]KAEWKULCHAI G,WILLIAMSON E B.Beam Elem-ent Formulation and Solution Procedure for DynamicProgressive Collapse Analysis[J].Computers&Structures,2004,82(7/8):639-651.
    [89]SARMA B S,SREENATH H G,BHAGAVAN N G,et al.Experimental Studies on In-plane Ductility ofConfined Masonry Panels[J].ACI Structural Journal,2003,100(3):330-336.
    [90]YAN Z H,AU F T K.Nonlinear Dynamic Analysis ofFrames with Plastic Hinges at Arbitrary Locations[J].The Structural Design of Tall and Special Build-ings,2009,18(3):313-325.
    [91]EL-BAHY A,KUNNATH S K,STONE W C,et al.Cumulative Seismic Damage of Circular Bridge Col-umns:Benchmark and Low-cycle Fatigue Tests[J].ACI Structural Journal,1999,96(4):633-641.
    [92]EL-BAHY A,KUNNATH S K,STONE W C,et al.Cumulative Seismic Damage of Circular Bridge Col-umns:Variable Amplitude Tests[J].ACI StructuralJournal,1999,96(5):711-719.
    [93]ZHANG G W,XIAO Y,KUNNATH S.Low-cycleFatigue Damage of Circular Concrete-filled-tube Col-umns[J].ACI Structural Journal,2009,106(2):151-159.
    [94]COLOMBO A,NEGRO P.A Damage Index of Gener-alised Applicability[J].Engineering Structures,2005,27(8):1164-1174.
    [95]MOHAMMED T,MOSALAM K M.Towards Mod-eling Progressive Collapse in Reinforced ConcreteBuildings[C]//ASCE.Proceedings of Sessions of the2007 Structures Congress.Long Beach:ASCE,2007:1-6.

版权所有:© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心