高温对玄武质凝灰岩力学性能的影响及其机理分析
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摘要
研究选取四川得荣县的玄武质凝灰岩为研究对象,按照固定围压200 MPa,实验温度为200℃～800℃开展高温高压实验,取得7个样品的实验数据。通过对实验数据的分析可知,在围压一定,实验温度不断升高的条件下,岩样的弹性模量和屈服强度都不断降低,当实验温度达到700℃,岩样变形主要以流变为主。实验温度400℃是岩样力学性质发生显著变化的临界温度。通过对实验后样品的成份分析可知,当实验温度超过400℃后,岩样中的黏土矿物含量随着温度的升高而降低,而斜长石和方解石的含量在不断升高,当温度超过500℃以后,岩样中出现了新的矿物——橄榄石;岩样的电镜扫描结果显示,在400℃之前,岩样内基本没有明显的微裂隙,但是当温度达到700℃和800℃时,岩样内出现明显的部分熔融现象,温度越高,部分熔融现象越明显,而且在800℃时,出现明显的矿物重结晶现象。微观的结构及成份的变化导致了宏观的物理力学性能的显著变化。本次实验研究结论与前人研究成果较为一致,但是从物质成份和样品微结构方面对岩石力学性能对高温响应的机理进行了初步解释。
The basaltic tuff from Derong County,Sichuan Province,is selected for the tests with a high confining pressure of 200 MPa and temperatures from 200 to 800oC.The test results of 7 specimens are obtained and show that the Young’s modulus and yield strength of the rock specimens decrease when the test temperature rises and the confining pressure is constant.When the test temperature reaches 700oC,the major failure mode of the rock specimens is rheology.The test temperature of 400oC is the critical temperature for remarkable charge of the mechanical performance of the rock specimens.The results of X-ray dissipation analysis indicate that the mineral contents of the clay in the test specimen decrease as the temperature rises and exceeds 400oC,but the plagioclase and calcite contents increase.When the temperature exceeds 500oC,a new mineral,olivine,appears in the rock specimen.The SEM photos of the rock specimens show that before 400oC,it is very difficult to find out micro fractures in the rock specimens,but when the test temperature reaches 700oC and 800oC,the partial melting phenomenon occurs in the rock specimens,at the same time,when the test temperature reaches 800oC,the recrystallization phenomenon occurs.The macro mechanical performance of the rock specimens corresponds very well to the change of micro textures and mineral contents.The research findings agree with the others and give some explanations for the response mechanism of the mechanical performance of rock specimens under high temperatures and high confining pressures from the view point of micro texture and ingredient.
The basaltic tuff from Derong County,Sichuan Province,is selected for the tests with a high confining pressure of 200 MPa and temperatures from 200 to 800oC.The test results of 7 specimens are obtained and show that the Young’s modulus and yield strength of the rock specimens decrease when the test temperature rises and the confining pressure is constant.When the test temperature reaches 700oC,the major failure mode of the rock specimens is rheology.The test temperature of 400oC is the critical temperature for remarkable charge of the mechanical performance of the rock specimens.The results of X-ray dissipation analysis indicate that the mineral contents of the clay in the test specimen decrease as the temperature rises and exceeds 400oC,but the plagioclase and calcite contents increase.When the temperature exceeds 500oC,a new mineral,olivine,appears in the rock specimen.The SEM photos of the rock specimens show that before 400oC,it is very difficult to find out micro fractures in the rock specimens,but when the test temperature reaches 700oC and 800oC,the partial melting phenomenon occurs in the rock specimens,at the same time,when the test temperature reaches 800oC,the recrystallization phenomenon occurs.The macro mechanical performance of the rock specimens corresponds very well to the change of micro textures and mineral contents.The research findings agree with the others and give some explanations for the response mechanism of the mechanical performance of rock specimens under high temperatures and high confining pressures from the view point of micro texture and ingredient.
引文
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[9]DWIVEDI R D,GOEL R K,PRASAD V V R,et al.Thermo-mechanical properties of Indian and other granites[J].International Journal of Rock mechanics and MiningSciences,2008,45(3):303-315.
[10]杜守继,刘华,职洪涛,等.高温后花岗岩力学性能的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(14):2359-236.(DU Shou-ji,LIU Hua,ZHI Hong-tao,et al.Testingstudy on mechanical properties of post high temperaturegranite[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2004,23(14):2359-236.(in Chinese))
[11]万志军,赵阳升,董付科,等.高温及三轴应力下花岗岩体力学特性的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(1):72-77.(WAN Zhi-jun,ZHAO Yang-sheng,DONGFu-ke,et a1.Experimental study on mechanicalcharacteristics of granite under high temperature and trixialstresses[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2008,27(1):72-77.(in Chinese)
[12]许锡昌,刘泉声.高温下岩石基本力学性质初步研究[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(3):276-278.(XU Xi-chang,LIUQuan-sheng.A preliminary study on basic mechanicalproperties for granite at high temperature[J].Chinese Journalof Geotechnical Engineering,2000,22(3):332-335.(in Chinese))
[13]王靖涛,赵爱国,黄明昌.花岗岩断裂韧度的高温效应[J].岩土工程学报,1989,11(6):113-119.(WANG Jing-tao,ZHAO Ai-guo,HUANG Ming-chang.Effect of hightemperature on the fracture toughness of granite[J].ChineseJournal of Geotechnical Engineering,1989,11(6):113-119.(in Chinese))
[14]徐小丽,高峰,高亚楠,等.高温后花岗岩力学性质变化及结构效应研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2008,37(3):402-406.(XU Xiao-li,GAO Feng,GAO Ya-nan,et a1.Effect of high temperatures on the mechanical characteristicsand crystal structure of granite[J].Journal of ChinaUniversity of Mining and Technology,2008,37(3):402-406.(in Chinese))
[15]朱合华,闫治国,邓涛,等.3种岩石高温后力学性质的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(10):1945-1950.(ZHU He-hua,YAN Zhi-guo,DENG Tao,et al.Testingstudy on mechanical properties of tuff,granite and brecciasafter high temperature[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2006,25(10):1945-1950.(in Chinese))
[16]尹光志,李小双,赵洪宝.高温后粗砂岩常规三轴压缩条件下力学特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(3):598-604.(YIN Guang-zhi,LI Xiao-shuang,ZHAOHong-bao.Experimental investigation on mechanicalproperties of coarse sandstone after high temperature underconventional triaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(3):598-604.(in Chinese))
[17]苏承东,郭文兵,李小双.粗砂岩高温作用后力学效应的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(6):1162-1170.(SU Cheng-dong,GUO Wen-bing,LI Xiao-shuang.Experimental research on mechanical prosperities of coarsesandstone after high temperatures[J].Chinese Journal ofRockMechanics and Engineering,2008,27(6):1162-1170.(in Chinese))
[18]赵洪宝,尹光志,谌伦建.温度对砂岩损伤影响试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增刊1):2784-2788.(ZHAO Hong-bao,YIN Guang-zhi,CHEN Lun-jian.Experimental study on effect of temperature on sandstonedamage[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2009,28(S1):2784-2788.(in Chinese))
[19]尹土兵,李夕兵,王斌,等.高温后砂岩动态压缩条件下力学特性研究[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(5):777-784.(YIN Tu-bing,LI Xi-bing,WANG Bin,et al.Mechanicalproperties of sandstones after high temperature underdynamic loading[J].Chinese Journal of GeotechnicalEngineering,2011,33(5):777-784.(in Chinese))
[20]林祥,张振义.高温环境下石灰岩基本力学性质初步研究[J].金属矿山,2009,4:29-31.(LIN Xiang,ZHANGZhen-yi.A preliminary study of the basic mechanicalproperties for limestone at high temperature[J].Metal Mine,2009,4:29-31.(in Chinese))
[21]方荣,朱珍德,张勇,等.高温和循环高温作用后大理岩力学性能试验研究与比较[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增刊1):4735-4739.(FANG Rong,ZHU Zhen-de,ZHANG Yong,et a1.The study and comparison of themechanical performance of marble under the action oftemperature and circle high temperature[J].Chinese Journalof Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(S1):4735-4739.(in Chinese))
[22]顾长光.浅论黏土矿物的脱水机理与热分析[J].贵州地质,1990,7(3):243-251.(GU Chang-guang.A discussion ondewatering mechanism of clay minerals and heat analysis[J].Geology of Guizhou,1990,7(3):243-251.(in Chinese))
[23]赵鹏,谢卫红,王习术,等.高温下岩石SEM实时实验研究[J].力学与实践,2006,28(3):64-67.(ZHAO Peng,XIE Wei-hong,WANG Xi-shu,et al.The real timeexperimental research on rock’s SEM under hightemperature[J].Mechanics and Practices,2006,28(3):64-67.(in Chinese))
[24]周永胜,何昌荣.地壳岩石变形行为的转变及其温压条件[J].地震地质,2000,22(2):167-178.(ZHOU Yong-sheng,HE Chang-rong.Deformation behavior transition of crustalrocks and its temperature-pressure conditions[J].Seismologyand Geology,2000,22(2):167-178.(in Chinese))
[25]张志镇,高峰,高亚楠,等.高温后花岗岩应力脆性跌落系数的实验研究[J].实验力学,2010,25(5):589-597.(ZHANG Zhi-zhen,GAO Feng,GAO Ya-nan,et al.Experimental study of brittle stress drop coefficient of graniteendured high temperature[J].Journal of ExperimentalMechanics,2010,25(5):589-597.(in Chinese))
[26]王颖轶,张宏君,黄醒春,等.高温作用下大理岩应力-应变全过程的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(增刊2):2345-2349.(WANG Ying-yi,ZHANGHong-jun,HUANG Xing-chun,et al.Experimental study onwhole stress-strain course of marble under the action of hightemperature[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2002,21(S2):2345-2349.(in Chinese))
[27]邵保平,赵阳升,万志军,等.高温静水应力状态花岗岩中钻孔围岩的流变实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(8):1659-1666.(SHAO Bao-ping,ZHAOYang-sheng,WAN Zhi-jun,et al.Rheological experimentalinvestigation on surrounding rock mass of granite under hightemperature and hydrostatic stress[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(8):1659-1666.(in Chinese))
[28]吴刚,邢爱国,张磊.砂岩高温后的力学特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(10):2110-2116.(WU Gang,XING Ai-guo,ZHANG Lei.Mechanical characteristics ofsandstone after high temperatures[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(10):2110-2116.(in Chinese))
[2]王绳祖.高温高压岩石力学——历史、现状、展望[J].地球物理学进展,1995,10(4):1-31.(WANG Sheng-zu.High-temperature/high-pressure rock mechanics:History,state-of-art and prospect[J].Progress in Geophysics,1995,10(4):1-31.(in Chinese))
[3]金振民.我国高温高压实验研究进展和展望[J].地球物理学报,1997,40(增刊):70-81.(JIN Zhen-min.The progressand perspectives of high-T and high-P experimental study inChina[J].Acta Geophysica Sinica,1997,40(S0):70-81.(in Chinese))
[4]嵇少丞,钟大赉,许志琴,等.流变学:构造地质学和地球动力学的支柱学科[J].大地构造与成矿学,2008,32(3):257-264.(JI Shao-cheng,ZHONG Da-lai,XU Zhi-qin,et al.Rheology:a new development in structural geology andgeodynamics[J].Geotectonica et Metallogenia,2008,32(3):257-264.(in Chinese))
[5]KOHLSTEDT D L,EVANS B,MACKWELL S J.Strengthof the lithosphere:Constraints imposed by laboratoryexperiments[J].J Geophys Res,1995,100:17587-17602.
[6]CARTER N L,TSENN M C.Flow properties of continentallithosphere[J].Tectonophysics,1987,136:27-63.
[7]周永胜,何昌荣.地壳主要岩石流变参数及华北地壳流变性质研究[J].地震地质,2003,25(1):109-122.(ZHOUYong-sheng,HE Chang-rong.Rheological patterns of crustalrocks and crustal rheology of North China[J].Seismologyand Geology,2003,25(1):109-122.(in Chinese))
[8]高山,骆庭川,张本仁,等.中国东部地壳的结构和组成[J].中国科学(D辑),1999,29(3):204-213.(GAO Shan,LUO Ting-chuan,ZHANG Ben-ren,et al.Structures andcomposition of the crust of eastern China[J].Science inChina(Series D),1999,29(3):204-213.(in Chinese))
[9]DWIVEDI R D,GOEL R K,PRASAD V V R,et al.Thermo-mechanical properties of Indian and other granites[J].International Journal of Rock mechanics and MiningSciences,2008,45(3):303-315.
[10]杜守继,刘华,职洪涛,等.高温后花岗岩力学性能的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(14):2359-236.(DU Shou-ji,LIU Hua,ZHI Hong-tao,et al.Testingstudy on mechanical properties of post high temperaturegranite[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2004,23(14):2359-236.(in Chinese))
[11]万志军,赵阳升,董付科,等.高温及三轴应力下花岗岩体力学特性的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(1):72-77.(WAN Zhi-jun,ZHAO Yang-sheng,DONGFu-ke,et a1.Experimental study on mechanicalcharacteristics of granite under high temperature and trixialstresses[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2008,27(1):72-77.(in Chinese)
[12]许锡昌,刘泉声.高温下岩石基本力学性质初步研究[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(3):276-278.(XU Xi-chang,LIUQuan-sheng.A preliminary study on basic mechanicalproperties for granite at high temperature[J].Chinese Journalof Geotechnical Engineering,2000,22(3):332-335.(in Chinese))
[13]王靖涛,赵爱国,黄明昌.花岗岩断裂韧度的高温效应[J].岩土工程学报,1989,11(6):113-119.(WANG Jing-tao,ZHAO Ai-guo,HUANG Ming-chang.Effect of hightemperature on the fracture toughness of granite[J].ChineseJournal of Geotechnical Engineering,1989,11(6):113-119.(in Chinese))
[14]徐小丽,高峰,高亚楠,等.高温后花岗岩力学性质变化及结构效应研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2008,37(3):402-406.(XU Xiao-li,GAO Feng,GAO Ya-nan,et a1.Effect of high temperatures on the mechanical characteristicsand crystal structure of granite[J].Journal of ChinaUniversity of Mining and Technology,2008,37(3):402-406.(in Chinese))
[15]朱合华,闫治国,邓涛,等.3种岩石高温后力学性质的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(10):1945-1950.(ZHU He-hua,YAN Zhi-guo,DENG Tao,et al.Testingstudy on mechanical properties of tuff,granite and brecciasafter high temperature[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2006,25(10):1945-1950.(in Chinese))
[16]尹光志,李小双,赵洪宝.高温后粗砂岩常规三轴压缩条件下力学特性试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(3):598-604.(YIN Guang-zhi,LI Xiao-shuang,ZHAOHong-bao.Experimental investigation on mechanicalproperties of coarse sandstone after high temperature underconventional triaxial compression[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2009,28(3):598-604.(in Chinese))
[17]苏承东,郭文兵,李小双.粗砂岩高温作用后力学效应的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(6):1162-1170.(SU Cheng-dong,GUO Wen-bing,LI Xiao-shuang.Experimental research on mechanical prosperities of coarsesandstone after high temperatures[J].Chinese Journal ofRockMechanics and Engineering,2008,27(6):1162-1170.(in Chinese))
[18]赵洪宝,尹光志,谌伦建.温度对砂岩损伤影响试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2009,28(增刊1):2784-2788.(ZHAO Hong-bao,YIN Guang-zhi,CHEN Lun-jian.Experimental study on effect of temperature on sandstonedamage[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2009,28(S1):2784-2788.(in Chinese))
[19]尹土兵,李夕兵,王斌,等.高温后砂岩动态压缩条件下力学特性研究[J].岩土工程学报,2011,33(5):777-784.(YIN Tu-bing,LI Xi-bing,WANG Bin,et al.Mechanicalproperties of sandstones after high temperature underdynamic loading[J].Chinese Journal of GeotechnicalEngineering,2011,33(5):777-784.(in Chinese))
[20]林祥,张振义.高温环境下石灰岩基本力学性质初步研究[J].金属矿山,2009,4:29-31.(LIN Xiang,ZHANGZhen-yi.A preliminary study of the basic mechanicalproperties for limestone at high temperature[J].Metal Mine,2009,4:29-31.(in Chinese))
[21]方荣,朱珍德,张勇,等.高温和循环高温作用后大理岩力学性能试验研究与比较[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增刊1):4735-4739.(FANG Rong,ZHU Zhen-de,ZHANG Yong,et a1.The study and comparison of themechanical performance of marble under the action oftemperature and circle high temperature[J].Chinese Journalof Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(S1):4735-4739.(in Chinese))
[22]顾长光.浅论黏土矿物的脱水机理与热分析[J].贵州地质,1990,7(3):243-251.(GU Chang-guang.A discussion ondewatering mechanism of clay minerals and heat analysis[J].Geology of Guizhou,1990,7(3):243-251.(in Chinese))
[23]赵鹏,谢卫红,王习术,等.高温下岩石SEM实时实验研究[J].力学与实践,2006,28(3):64-67.(ZHAO Peng,XIE Wei-hong,WANG Xi-shu,et al.The real timeexperimental research on rock’s SEM under hightemperature[J].Mechanics and Practices,2006,28(3):64-67.(in Chinese))
[24]周永胜,何昌荣.地壳岩石变形行为的转变及其温压条件[J].地震地质,2000,22(2):167-178.(ZHOU Yong-sheng,HE Chang-rong.Deformation behavior transition of crustalrocks and its temperature-pressure conditions[J].Seismologyand Geology,2000,22(2):167-178.(in Chinese))
[25]张志镇,高峰,高亚楠,等.高温后花岗岩应力脆性跌落系数的实验研究[J].实验力学,2010,25(5):589-597.(ZHANG Zhi-zhen,GAO Feng,GAO Ya-nan,et al.Experimental study of brittle stress drop coefficient of graniteendured high temperature[J].Journal of ExperimentalMechanics,2010,25(5):589-597.(in Chinese))
[26]王颖轶,张宏君,黄醒春,等.高温作用下大理岩应力-应变全过程的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(增刊2):2345-2349.(WANG Ying-yi,ZHANGHong-jun,HUANG Xing-chun,et al.Experimental study onwhole stress-strain course of marble under the action of hightemperature[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2002,21(S2):2345-2349.(in Chinese))
[27]邵保平,赵阳升,万志军,等.高温静水应力状态花岗岩中钻孔围岩的流变实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(8):1659-1666.(SHAO Bao-ping,ZHAOYang-sheng,WAN Zhi-jun,et al.Rheological experimentalinvestigation on surrounding rock mass of granite under hightemperature and hydrostatic stress[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(8):1659-1666.(in Chinese))
[28]吴刚,邢爱国,张磊.砂岩高温后的力学特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(10):2110-2116.(WU Gang,XING Ai-guo,ZHANG Lei.Mechanical characteristics ofsandstone after high temperatures[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(10):2110-2116.(in Chinese))
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