水压致裂应力测量数据分析——对瞬时关闭压力p_s的常用判读方法讨论
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摘要
在水压致裂应力测量压裂特征参数中,瞬时关闭压力ps是重要的研究内容,因为它不仅直接代表最小水平主应力,而且在计算最大水平主应力时,该值又是重要的参数。ps判读的准确性和可靠性直接关系到水压致裂应力测量结果的可靠性与精度。结合3个典型的水压致裂测试曲线,分析了单切线法、dp/dt方法、马斯卡特方法和dT/dP法4种常用判读关闭压力方法的取值特点和适用性。结果表明,该4种判读方法对于不同形态的水压致裂测试曲线不具有普遍适用性,因此,对不同形态的水压致裂测试曲线进行判读关闭压力时,所选取的判读方法也不同。对于岩石完整、原生裂隙及节理不发育、岩石结构致密的水压致裂压裂段,应选取以上4种方法中2种或2种以上方法进行判读瞬时关闭压力值;对于岩石完整性差、原生裂隙及节理较发育、岩石结构较破碎的水压致裂压裂段,为取得比较可靠有效的关闭压力值,建议用单切线法计算机自动取值和dp/dt方法所取的关闭压力值。
The instantaneous shut-in pressure(ps) is an important parameter in the hydraulic fracturing characteristic parameters.Not only is it assumed to be equal the minor horizontal stress,but also is an important factor to calculate the maximum horizontal stress.The accuracy and reliability of the determination of ps are directly related to that of the hydraulic fracturing results.The applicability and value features of four methods(the single tangent,dp/dt,lg(p)-t and dT/dP methods) frequently used to determine ps are analyzed combined with three examples of test records.The results reveal that the four methods are lack of general applicability at different forms of pressure records.Therefore,different methods chosen to determine the instantaneous shut-in pressure are various for different pressure records of hydraulic fracturing stress test.Aiming at the hydraulic fracturing segments with intact rock,undeveloped preexisting fissures or joints and compact structure,two or more than two kinds of four methods should be applied to determine the shut-in pressure.The methods of technique of single tangent and dp/dt should be suggested to obtain more reliable value of shut-in pressure directing at hydraulic fracturing segments with incomplete rock,more developed preexisting fissures or joints and incompact structure.
The instantaneous shut-in pressure(ps) is an important parameter in the hydraulic fracturing characteristic parameters.Not only is it assumed to be equal the minor horizontal stress,but also is an important factor to calculate the maximum horizontal stress.The accuracy and reliability of the determination of ps are directly related to that of the hydraulic fracturing results.The applicability and value features of four methods(the single tangent,dp/dt,lg(p)-t and dT/dP methods) frequently used to determine ps are analyzed combined with three examples of test records.The results reveal that the four methods are lack of general applicability at different forms of pressure records.Therefore,different methods chosen to determine the instantaneous shut-in pressure are various for different pressure records of hydraulic fracturing stress test.Aiming at the hydraulic fracturing segments with intact rock,undeveloped preexisting fissures or joints and compact structure,two or more than two kinds of four methods should be applied to determine the shut-in pressure.The methods of technique of single tangent and dp/dt should be suggested to obtain more reliable value of shut-in pressure directing at hydraulic fracturing segments with incomplete rock,more developed preexisting fissures or joints and incompact structure.
引文
[1]基姆弗兰克林,张受天.国际岩石力学学会试验方法委员会确定岩石应力的建议方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1988,7(4):357-388.
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[3]白世伟,李光煜.二滩水电站坝区岩体应力场研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1982,1(1):46-55.BAI Shi-wei,LI Guang-yu.Research on stress fieldaround dam area of Ertan hydropower station[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1982,1(1):46-55.
[4]安其美,丁立丰,王海忠,等.龙门山断裂带的性质与活动性研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2004,24(2):115-119.AN Qi-mei,DING Li-feng,WANG Hai-zhong,et al.Research of property and activity of Longmen Mountainfault zone[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2004,24(2):115-119.
[5]刘光勋,李方全,李桂荣.我国滇西北地震活动区的活动构造与应力状态[J].地震地质,1986,8(1):1-14.LIU Guang-xun,LI Fang-quan,LI Gui-rong.Activetectonics and state of stress in seismic region ofNorthwest Yunnan Province,China[J].Seismology andGeology,1986,8(1):1-14.
[6]HAIMSON B C,FAIRHUST C.In-situ stressdetermination at great depth by means of hydraulicfracturing[C]//The 11th US Symposium on RockMechanics.Berkeley,California:American RockMechanics Association,1970:559-584.
[7]HAIMSON B C.Measurement of in situ stress[J].Methods Exp.Phys.,1987,24(B):377-408.
[8]HAYASHI K,SAKURAI I.Interpretation of hydraulicfracturing shut-in curves for tectonic stressmeasurement[J].International Journal of RockMechanics and Mining Sciences&GeomechanicsAbstracts,1989,26(6):477-482.
[9]MCLENNAN J D.Hydraulic fracturing:A fracturemechanics approach[D].Toronto,Canada:University ofToronto,1980.
[10]GRONSETH J M,KRY P R.Instantaneous shut-inpressure and its relationship to the minimum in-situ stressin hydraulic fracturing stress measurements[M].Washington D.C.:National Academy Press,1983.
[11]DOE T W,HUSTRULID W A,LEIJON B,et al.Determination of the state of stress at the Stripa Mine,Sweden,in hydraulic fracturing stress measurement[M].Washington D.C.:National Academy Press,1983.
[12]ZOBACK M D,HAIMSON B C.Status of the hydraulicfracturing method for in situ stress measurements[C]//The23rd US Symposium on Rock Mechanics.Berkeley,California:American Rock Mechanics Association,1982:143-156.
[13]AAMODT R L,KUIRYAGAWA M.Measurement ofinstantaneous shut-in pressure in crystalline rock,inhydraulic fracturing stress measurements[M].WashingtonD.C.:National Academy Press,1983.
[14]LEE M Y,HAIMSON B C.Statistical evaluation ofhydraulic fracturing stress measurement parameters[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and MiningSciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1989,26(6):447-456.
[15]李方全.水压致裂地应力测量及井温观测[M]//李方全,张伯崇.三峡坝区水库诱发地震研究.北京:地震出版社,1993.
[16]尤明庆.水压致裂地应力测量方法的研究[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(3):350-353.YOU Ming-qing.Study of the geostresses measurementwith hydrofracture of borehole[J].Chinese Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering,2005,27(3):350-353.
[17]CHEUNG L S,HAIMSON B C.Laboratory study ofhydraulic fracturing pressure data—How valid is theirconventional interpretation?[J].International Journal ofRock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomecha-nics Abstracts,1989,26(6):595-605.
[18]HAYASHI K,HAIMSON B C.Characteristics of shut-incurves in hydraulic fracturing stress measurements anddetermination of in-situ minimum compressive stress[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1991,96(18):311-321.
[19]陈群策,毛吉震,张钧.水压致裂应力测量数据分析——对关闭压力Ps值判读方法的讨论,水压致裂裂缝的形成和扩展研究[M].北京:地震出版社,1999.
[20]CHEUNG L S.Laboratory simulated hydraulic fracturingstress measurements in intact and prefractured rocks[D].Madison,USA:University of Wis-Madison,1990.
[21]OROWAN E.Fracture and strength of solids[J].Reportson Progress in Physics,1949,12:48-74.
[22]李世愚,和泰名,尹祥础,等.岩石断裂力学导论[M].合肥:中国科技大学出版社,2010.
[23]侯明勋,葛修润,王水林.水压致裂地应力测量中的几个问题[J].岩土力学,2003,24(5):840-844.HOU Ming-xun,GE Xiu-run,WANG Shui-lin.Dis-cussion on application of hydraulic fracturing method togeostress measurement[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(5):840-844.
[2]HAIMSON B C,CORNET F H.ISRM suggestedmethods for rock stress estimation—Part 3:Hydraulicfracturing(HF)and/or hydraulic testing of pre-existingfractures(HTPF)[J].International Journal of RockMechanics&Mining Sciences,2003,40(7-8):1011-1020.
[3]白世伟,李光煜.二滩水电站坝区岩体应力场研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1982,1(1):46-55.BAI Shi-wei,LI Guang-yu.Research on stress fieldaround dam area of Ertan hydropower station[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1982,1(1):46-55.
[4]安其美,丁立丰,王海忠,等.龙门山断裂带的性质与活动性研究[J].大地测量与地球动力学,2004,24(2):115-119.AN Qi-mei,DING Li-feng,WANG Hai-zhong,et al.Research of property and activity of Longmen Mountainfault zone[J].Journal of Geodesy and Geodynamics,2004,24(2):115-119.
[5]刘光勋,李方全,李桂荣.我国滇西北地震活动区的活动构造与应力状态[J].地震地质,1986,8(1):1-14.LIU Guang-xun,LI Fang-quan,LI Gui-rong.Activetectonics and state of stress in seismic region ofNorthwest Yunnan Province,China[J].Seismology andGeology,1986,8(1):1-14.
[6]HAIMSON B C,FAIRHUST C.In-situ stressdetermination at great depth by means of hydraulicfracturing[C]//The 11th US Symposium on RockMechanics.Berkeley,California:American RockMechanics Association,1970:559-584.
[7]HAIMSON B C.Measurement of in situ stress[J].Methods Exp.Phys.,1987,24(B):377-408.
[8]HAYASHI K,SAKURAI I.Interpretation of hydraulicfracturing shut-in curves for tectonic stressmeasurement[J].International Journal of RockMechanics and Mining Sciences&GeomechanicsAbstracts,1989,26(6):477-482.
[9]MCLENNAN J D.Hydraulic fracturing:A fracturemechanics approach[D].Toronto,Canada:University ofToronto,1980.
[10]GRONSETH J M,KRY P R.Instantaneous shut-inpressure and its relationship to the minimum in-situ stressin hydraulic fracturing stress measurements[M].Washington D.C.:National Academy Press,1983.
[11]DOE T W,HUSTRULID W A,LEIJON B,et al.Determination of the state of stress at the Stripa Mine,Sweden,in hydraulic fracturing stress measurement[M].Washington D.C.:National Academy Press,1983.
[12]ZOBACK M D,HAIMSON B C.Status of the hydraulicfracturing method for in situ stress measurements[C]//The23rd US Symposium on Rock Mechanics.Berkeley,California:American Rock Mechanics Association,1982:143-156.
[13]AAMODT R L,KUIRYAGAWA M.Measurement ofinstantaneous shut-in pressure in crystalline rock,inhydraulic fracturing stress measurements[M].WashingtonD.C.:National Academy Press,1983.
[14]LEE M Y,HAIMSON B C.Statistical evaluation ofhydraulic fracturing stress measurement parameters[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and MiningSciences&Geomechanics Abstracts,1989,26(6):447-456.
[15]李方全.水压致裂地应力测量及井温观测[M]//李方全,张伯崇.三峡坝区水库诱发地震研究.北京:地震出版社,1993.
[16]尤明庆.水压致裂地应力测量方法的研究[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(3):350-353.YOU Ming-qing.Study of the geostresses measurementwith hydrofracture of borehole[J].Chinese Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering,2005,27(3):350-353.
[17]CHEUNG L S,HAIMSON B C.Laboratory study ofhydraulic fracturing pressure data—How valid is theirconventional interpretation?[J].International Journal ofRock Mechanics and Mining Sciences&Geomecha-nics Abstracts,1989,26(6):595-605.
[18]HAYASHI K,HAIMSON B C.Characteristics of shut-incurves in hydraulic fracturing stress measurements anddetermination of in-situ minimum compressive stress[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1991,96(18):311-321.
[19]陈群策,毛吉震,张钧.水压致裂应力测量数据分析——对关闭压力Ps值判读方法的讨论,水压致裂裂缝的形成和扩展研究[M].北京:地震出版社,1999.
[20]CHEUNG L S.Laboratory simulated hydraulic fracturingstress measurements in intact and prefractured rocks[D].Madison,USA:University of Wis-Madison,1990.
[21]OROWAN E.Fracture and strength of solids[J].Reportson Progress in Physics,1949,12:48-74.
[22]李世愚,和泰名,尹祥础,等.岩石断裂力学导论[M].合肥:中国科技大学出版社,2010.
[23]侯明勋,葛修润,王水林.水压致裂地应力测量中的几个问题[J].岩土力学,2003,24(5):840-844.HOU Ming-xun,GE Xiu-run,WANG Shui-lin.Dis-cussion on application of hydraulic fracturing method togeostress measurement[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(5):840-844.
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