地下水扰动作用下地基土体渗透破坏试验研究
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摘要
为分析近年来中国西南地区频繁发生的"天坑"形成原因,从渗流破坏理论出发,通过自主设计循环变水压渗透试验装置模拟地下水扰动过程,研究了地下水扰动作用下地基土体的变形破坏机制。首先通过现场和室内试验获得土样的基本物理化学性质,排除由碳酸盐溶洞导致地表塌陷的可能性。在此基础上,为模拟地下水循环扰动对土体的渗透破坏作用,采用饱和土渗流理论,设计了1种变压型常水头渗透试验装置,通过自动循环地改变水头大小模拟地下水扰动对土体的破坏机制,分析实验前后土样级配组成、水头变化和土样变形破坏特性,试验表明土样在地下水扰动作用下细颗粒明显减少,土体级配结构发生改变,土体承载力降低并最终导致土体塌陷。变压型常水头渗透破坏试验研究表明,该方法较好地阐明了该地区"天坑"形成机制。
In order to find out the reason of many "tiankeng" in southwest of china in recent years,based on seepage damage theory,the theory of saturated soil seepage and changed water head equipment were used to simulate the change process of water head in geologic norm,considering the influence of vacuum erosion as well.At first,physical property and chemical composition of soil samples were got by in-situ test and laboratory test before destroy test,and the result shows that the surface subsidence is not caused by carbonate karst cave.Then changed water head equipment was designed to simulate the change process of water head automatically.The gradation,water head and sample deformation characteristic of soil before the destroy experiment were compared with those after the destroy experiment.It is show that soil sample chemical property changes little,but little soil particles reduce significantly.With the change of gradation and structure of soil,the bearing capacity decreases and eventually it leads to the soil mass collapse.The changed water head test clarifies the reason and mechanism of "tiankeng" phenomenon reasonably.
In order to find out the reason of many "tiankeng" in southwest of china in recent years,based on seepage damage theory,the theory of saturated soil seepage and changed water head equipment were used to simulate the change process of water head in geologic norm,considering the influence of vacuum erosion as well.At first,physical property and chemical composition of soil samples were got by in-situ test and laboratory test before destroy test,and the result shows that the surface subsidence is not caused by carbonate karst cave.Then changed water head equipment was designed to simulate the change process of water head automatically.The gradation,water head and sample deformation characteristic of soil before the destroy experiment were compared with those after the destroy experiment.It is show that soil sample chemical property changes little,but little soil particles reduce significantly.With the change of gradation and structure of soil,the bearing capacity decreases and eventually it leads to the soil mass collapse.The changed water head test clarifies the reason and mechanism of "tiankeng" phenomenon reasonably.
引文
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[15]Aksoy C O.Chemical injection application at tunnelservice shaft to prevent ground settlement induced bygroundwater drainage:A case study[J].InternationalJournal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences.2008,45(3):376-383.
[2]袁杰,高宗军,马海会.论岩溶地下水位对岩溶塌陷形成的控制作用——以山东枣庄市岩溶地面塌陷区为例[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2010,21(4):95-98.Yuan J,Gao Z J,Ma H H.Discuss on controlling andforming mechanism of Zaozhuang karst collapse[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2010,21(4):95-98.
[3]樊永生,李爱军,汤江红.武昌倒口湖地区F地块岩溶特征、地面塌陷机理分析及治理措施[J].资源环境与工程,2010,24(4):394-397.Fan Y S,Li A J,Tang J H.Developmentcharacteristics of karst and analysis of collapsemechanism on the ground on F block in daokou lakearea in Wuchang[J].Resources Environment andEngineering,2010,24(4):394-397.
[4]Vologina E G,Kalugin I A,Osukhovskaya Y N,et al.Sedimentation in Proval Bay(Lake Baikal)afterearthquake-induced subsidence of part of the SelengaRiver delta[J].Russian Geology and Geophysics,2010,51(12):1275-1284.
[5]姚鑫,文冬光,戴福初,等.“5.12”汶川地震震后龙门山山前地表塌陷成因探讨[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(5):578-583.Yao X,Wen D G,Dai F C,Wang X L,Xiong T Y.Discussions on possible causes of the ground collapse infront of Longmen mountain after the“5.12”Wenchuanearthquake[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2008,16(5):578-583.
[6]Claudiu V S,Shingo T,Kazuhiko Y.On the fatiguefracture at adsorption/desorption of water in/fromliquid-repellent nanoporous silica[J].Acta Mechanica,2010,214(1):195-203.
[7]周健,姚志雄,张刚.管涌发生发展过程的细观试验研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2007,3(5):842-848.Zhou J,Yao Z X,Zhang G.Meso-laboratory study oninitiation and evolution of piping[J].Chinese Journal ofUnderground Space and Engineering,2007,3(5):842-848.
[8]Bromley C J,Steve C,Manville V R,et al.Recentground subsidence at Crown Road,Tauhara and itsprobable causes[J].Geothermics,2009,38(1):181-191.
[9]杨勇,李国敏,窦艳兵,等.抽取地下水引起地面沉降的研究现状与进展[J].工程勘察,2010,12(11):32-37.Yang Y,Li G M,Dou Y B,et al.Present situation andadvance problems on the land subsidence caused bygroundwater pumping[J].Geotechnical Investigation&Surveying,2010,12(11):32-37.
[10]Ouyang Z H,Cai M F,Li C H,et al.Seepage effectsof groundwater and its make-up water on triggeringground subsidence[J].Journal of University of Scienceand Technology Beijing,Mineral,Metallurgy,Material,2006,13(1):11-15.
[11]万志清,秦四清,李志刚,等.土洞形成的机理及起始条件[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(8):1377-1382.Wan Z Q,Qin S Q,Li Z G,et al.Formationmechanism and initial condition of soil cavity[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(8):1377-1382.
[12]隋旺华,董青红.近松散层开采孔隙水压力变化及其对水砂突涌的前兆意义[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(9):1908-1916.Sui W H,Dong Q H.Variation of pore water pressureand its precursor significance for quicksand disastersdueto mining near unconsolidated formations[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(9):1908-1916.
[13]谢忠球,万志清,钱海涛.人工抽水引起土洞扩展条件的分析[J].吉林大学学报:地球科学版,2007,37(4):768-772.Xie Z Q,Wan Z Q,Qian H T.Analysis of expansioncondition of soil cavity induced by pumping[J].Journalof Jilin University:Earth Science Edition,2007,37(4):768-772.
[14]覃羡安,王昆,宋平,等.昆明新机场土洞形成机理及发育规律研究[J].岩土工程界,2008,12(3):31-33.Qin X N,Wang K,Song P,et al.The research ofFormation mechanism and Development regularity ofthe Soil caves of the airport of Kunming[J].Geotechnical Engineering World,2008,12(3):31-33.
[15]Aksoy C O.Chemical injection application at tunnelservice shaft to prevent ground settlement induced bygroundwater drainage:A case study[J].InternationalJournal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences.2008,45(3):376-383.
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