基于矿业棕地的矿山公园工程设计研究
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摘要
我国矿业棕地数量巨大,目前生态恢复的主要形式是建设矿山公园.工程实施中生态恢复、遗址保护、经济效益、休憩娱乐项目互相争地,生态恢复的比例被大量压缩,且难以量化分析.借用景观生态学斑块、廊道模式的分析模型推导出矿业棕地生态恢复的量化基准数据,使之成为规划设计不可突破的红线:作为生态物种栖息的林地面积不能小于1.5 km2;面积不足30 km2的场地应以造林为主;应保持场地边界的自然状态,增加形状指数且不得砌筑围墙;生态廊道宽度不应小于60 m;尾矿堆等污染源必须植被覆盖,缓冲带宽度不得小于最小允许值.这些可以成为工程设计的理论依据,切实保证基于矿业棕地的矿山公园成为名副其实的生态文明建设工程,防止造成掠夺性二次开发.
By analytical model based on the patch-corridor model in landscape ecology,the quantitative benchmark data of the mining brownfield ecological restoration is deduced,and it would be become unbroken red line in the planning design.The forest area for ecological species perching can't be less than 1.5 km~2,and the area less than 30 km~2 should be mainly used for afforestation.The natural state of the site boundary should be kept,the shape index should be added and the fences should not be built.The width of ecological corridor should not be less than 60 m,the pollution sources such as tailing heap and so on should be covered by vegetation,and the width of buffer strips can't be less than the minimum allowable value. All of these could become theoretical foundation in the project design,thus,we could ensure the mine parks based on mining brownfields become genuine ecological civiization construction project,and could prevent predatory secondary development.
By analytical model based on the patch-corridor model in landscape ecology,the quantitative benchmark data of the mining brownfield ecological restoration is deduced,and it would be become unbroken red line in the planning design.The forest area for ecological species perching can't be less than 1.5 km~2,and the area less than 30 km~2 should be mainly used for afforestation.The natural state of the site boundary should be kept,the shape index should be added and the fences should not be built.The width of ecological corridor should not be less than 60 m,the pollution sources such as tailing heap and so on should be covered by vegetation,and the width of buffer strips can't be less than the minimum allowable value. All of these could become theoretical foundation in the project design,thus,we could ensure the mine parks based on mining brownfields become genuine ecological civiization construction project,and could prevent predatory secondary development.
引文
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[2]李永康,蒋高明.矿山废弃地生态重建研究进展[J].生态学报,2004,24(1):95-100.
[3]周进生,石森.矿区生态恢复理论综述[J].中国矿业,2004,13(3):10-12.
[4]《中国矿业年鉴》编辑部.中国矿业年鉴[M].北京:地震出版社,2006.
[5]邓毅.城市生态公园规划设计方法[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2007:138-186.
[6]KNAAPEN J P,SCHEFFER M,HARMS B.Estimatinghabitat isolation in landscape planning[J].Landscapeand Urban Plan,1992,23:1-16.
[7]YU K J.Security patterns and surface model in landscapeplanning[J].Landscape and Urban Plan,1996,36(5):1-17.
[8]俞孔坚,李迪华,段铁武.敏感地段的景观安全格局设计及地理信息系统应用[J].中国园林,2001(1):11-16.
[9]陈利顶,傅伯杰.农田生态系统管理与非点源污染控制[J].环境科学,2000,21(2):98-100.
[10]全为民,严力蛟.农业面源污染对水体富营养化的影响及其防治措施[J].生态学报,2002,22(3):291-299.
[11]UUSI K J,BRASKERUD B,JANSSON H,et al.Bufferzones and construcyed wetlands as filtes for agriculturalphosphorus[J].Environ Qual,2000,29:151-158.
[12]吴良镛.人居环境科学导论[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2011:148-311.
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