锚索测力计在预应力锚索加固挡墙监测中的应用
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摘要
由于岩土体本身的复杂性,岩土预应力锚固的监测影响因素和评价也比较复杂。通过一个预应力锚索加固挡墙的工程实例,采用锚索测力计进行预应力锚索的应力损失监测,通过详细的监测数据,分析了油压千斤顶和锚索测力计的工作相关性,锚索锚固的瞬间预应力损失及其影响因素,锚索的长期预应力损失及其影响因素,孔隙水压力和气温对锚索测力计测值的影响,测力计监测值对于施工和设计的指导意义等。明确了依托项目锚索锁定过程中瞬间预应力损失率为2.5%～3.6%。张拉锁定的速度快慢对于瞬间预应力损失没大的影响。温度对于锚索测力计的影响从工程应用角度来看可以忽略不计。孔隙水压力可导致监测力起伏。锚固锁定初期预应力损失较大,一般在锁定后的60 d左右,预应力基本开始趋向稳定。锚索预应力超张拉10%可以达到预期效果等。对于类似重要工程具有借鉴和指导意义。
The influencing factor and the evaluation on monitoring pre-stressed anchorage are complicated because of the complexity of soil-rock mass itself.Many detailed monitoring data are given through a pre-stressed reinforced retaining wall project using tendon dynameter to monitor the loss of prestress.Many questions are analyzed through these data,such as the working association between the tendon dynameter and oil jack,the loss of the momentary pre-stress and its influencing factors,the loss of the long-term pre-stress and its influencing factors,the influence of pore water pressure and temperature on the working of the tendon dynameter,the instructional significance of the monitoring data from tendon dynameter to the construction and the design,etc.From the supported project,it can be seen that(1) the loss percentage of the momentary pre-stress is in the range of 2.5% to 3.6% in the anchoring process;(2) the stretch locking speed has less effect on the loss of the momentary pre-stress;(3) the influence of temperature on the working of the tendon dynameter can be neglected from the point of practical engineering;(4) the pore water pressure can make the monitoring force fluctuation;(5) the loss of pre-stress is a little large at early days after locking,then it tends to stable after about 60 d,and the goal can be achieved when over tensioning 10%.These would be helpful and instructional to the similar important engineering projects.
The influencing factor and the evaluation on monitoring pre-stressed anchorage are complicated because of the complexity of soil-rock mass itself.Many detailed monitoring data are given through a pre-stressed reinforced retaining wall project using tendon dynameter to monitor the loss of prestress.Many questions are analyzed through these data,such as the working association between the tendon dynameter and oil jack,the loss of the momentary pre-stress and its influencing factors,the loss of the long-term pre-stress and its influencing factors,the influence of pore water pressure and temperature on the working of the tendon dynameter,the instructional significance of the monitoring data from tendon dynameter to the construction and the design,etc.From the supported project,it can be seen that(1) the loss percentage of the momentary pre-stress is in the range of 2.5% to 3.6% in the anchoring process;(2) the stretch locking speed has less effect on the loss of the momentary pre-stress;(3) the influence of temperature on the working of the tendon dynameter can be neglected from the point of practical engineering;(4) the pore water pressure can make the monitoring force fluctuation;(5) the loss of pre-stress is a little large at early days after locking,then it tends to stable after about 60 d,and the goal can be achieved when over tensioning 10%.These would be helpful and instructional to the similar important engineering projects.
引文
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[9]程良奎.岩土加固实用技术[M].北京地震出版社,1994.CHENG Liangkui.Rock and Soil ReinforcementTechnology[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1994.
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[11]CHIGIRA M.Micro-sheeting of Granite and ItsRelationship with Landsliding Specifically after HeavyRainstorm in June 1999,Hiroshima Prefecture,Japan[J].Engineering Geology,2001,59(3/4):219-231.
[12]BENMOKRANE B,BALLIVY G.Five-year Monitoring ofLoad Losses on Prestressed Cement-grouted Anchors[J].Canadian Geotechnique Journal,1991,28(5):668-677.
[2]赵慧璋.岩土锚固工程技术[M].北京:人民交通出版社,1998.ZHAO Huizhang.Geotechnical Anchorage Engineering[M].Beijing:China Communications Press,1998.
[3]夏雄,周德培.预应力锚索地梁在边坡加固中的应用实例[J].岩土力学,2002,23(2):242-245.XIA Xiong,ZHOU Depei.Application of PrestressedAnchor-rope and Groundsill to Slope Stability[J].Rockand Soil Mechanics,2002,23(2):242-245.
[4]顾金才,沈俊,陈安敏,等.锚索预应力在岩体内引起的应变状态模型试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(增):917-921.GU Jincai,SHEN Jun,CHEN Anmin,et al.ModelTesting Study of Strain Distribution Regularity in RockMass Caused by Prestressed Anchorage Cable[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(S):917-921.
[5]张发明,刘宁,赵维炳.岩质边坡预应力锚固的力学行为及群锚效应[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(增):1077-1080.ZHANG Faming,LIU Ning,ZHAO Weibing.MechanicalBehavior and Effects of Prestressed Anchorage for RockSlope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2000,19(S):1077-1080.
[6]朱杰兵,韩军,程良奎,等.三峡永久船闸预应力锚索加固对周边岩体力学性状影响的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(6):853-857.ZHU Jiebing,HAN Jun,CHENG Liangkui,et al.Research on Rockmass Properties Near Anchor withPrestressing for TGP's Permanent Shiplock[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(6):853-857.
[7]丁秀丽,盛谦,韩军,等.预应力锚索锚固机理的数值模拟试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(7):980-988.DING Xiuli,SHENG Qian,HAN Jun,et al.NumericalSimulation Testing Study on Reinforcement Mechanism ofPrestressed Anchorage Cable[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2002,21(7):980-988.
[8]张发明,陈祖煜,刘宁.岩体与锚固体间粘结强度的确定[J].岩土力学,2001,22(4):470-473.ZHANG Faming,CHEN Zuyu,LIU Ning.Determinationof Cohesive Strength between Rock and Anchors[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2001,22(4):470-473.
[9]程良奎.岩土加固实用技术[M].北京地震出版社,1994.CHENG Liangkui.Rock and Soil ReinforcementTechnology[M].Beijing:Seismological Press,1994.
[10]DAI F C,LEE C F.Frequency-volume Relation andPrediction of Rainfall-induced Landslides[J].Engineering Geology,2001,59(3/4):253-266.
[11]CHIGIRA M.Micro-sheeting of Granite and ItsRelationship with Landsliding Specifically after HeavyRainstorm in June 1999,Hiroshima Prefecture,Japan[J].Engineering Geology,2001,59(3/4):219-231.
[12]BENMOKRANE B,BALLIVY G.Five-year Monitoring ofLoad Losses on Prestressed Cement-grouted Anchors[J].Canadian Geotechnique Journal,1991,28(5):668-677.
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