北京市既有农村住宅砖木结构加固前后振动台试验研究
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摘要
以北京市既有农村住宅广泛采用的单层砖木结构房屋为研究对象,通过加固前后2个大比例尺模型的振动台试验,研究抗震加固方法的有效性。试验结果表明:未加固房屋由于前后纵墙抗侧刚度相差大,纵向地震作用下前纵墙侧移大,砖柱损伤严重;山墙平面外变形大,形成贯穿的斜向裂缝;8度小震作用下墙体开裂,中震作用下墙体损伤严重,大震作用下模型结构濒于倒塌。根据试验结果,提出了抗震加固方法,包括加设钢门窗框及钢板圈梁,采用钢筋网砂浆面层加固山墙和砖柱。振动台试验表明,上述加固方法显著提高了此类砖木结构房屋的抗震能力,加固后结构达到"小震不坏、中震可修、大震不倒"的抗震设防目标。
This paper presents seismic retrofit for the single-story brick-wood structure representative of existing rural buildings in Beijing.The retrofitting effectiveness was examined through large-scale shaking table tests on the unretrofitted and retrofitted specimens.The test results indicate that,for the unretrofitted specimen,the front brick columns deform and damage severely when subjected to the longitudinal motions,because large of lateral stiffnesses difference exists between the front and back longitudinal walls.The brick gables experience significant out-of-plane deformation,resulting in diagonal cracks.The unretrofitted specimen is cracked under minor earthquakes,significantly damaged under design basis earthquakes,and approaches to collapse under rare earthquakes.The method of seismic retrofit was proposed based on the test results of the unretrofitted specimen,including the addition of a steel doorframe,steel window frames and steel plate collar beams,and the strengthening of the brick gables and columns by cement mortar reinforced with steel mesh.Shaking table test results show that the retrofit method significantly improves the earthquake-resistant capacity of the brick-wood building structure,and the retrofitted specimen can achieve the design objective of 'operational under minor earthquakes,repairable damage under design basis earthquakes,and collapse prevention under rare earthquakes'.
This paper presents seismic retrofit for the single-story brick-wood structure representative of existing rural buildings in Beijing.The retrofitting effectiveness was examined through large-scale shaking table tests on the unretrofitted and retrofitted specimens.The test results indicate that,for the unretrofitted specimen,the front brick columns deform and damage severely when subjected to the longitudinal motions,because large of lateral stiffnesses difference exists between the front and back longitudinal walls.The brick gables experience significant out-of-plane deformation,resulting in diagonal cracks.The unretrofitted specimen is cracked under minor earthquakes,significantly damaged under design basis earthquakes,and approaches to collapse under rare earthquakes.The method of seismic retrofit was proposed based on the test results of the unretrofitted specimen,including the addition of a steel doorframe,steel window frames and steel plate collar beams,and the strengthening of the brick gables and columns by cement mortar reinforced with steel mesh.Shaking table test results show that the retrofit method significantly improves the earthquake-resistant capacity of the brick-wood building structure,and the retrofitted specimen can achieve the design objective of 'operational under minor earthquakes,repairable damage under design basis earthquakes,and collapse prevention under rare earthquakes'.
引文
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[2]葛学礼,王亚勇,申世元,张海明.村镇建筑地震灾害与抗震减灾措施[J].工程质量,2005,23(12):1-4.(Ge Xueli,Wang Yayong,Shen Shiyuan,ZhangHaiming.Seism disaster of building in rural area aswell as measures of anti-seism and disaster alleviation[J].Construction Quality,2005,23(12):1-4.(inChinese))
[3]陈肇元,钱稼茹.汶川地震建筑震害调查与灾后重建分析报告[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2008:142-163.(Chen Zhaoyuan,Qian Jiaru.Reportof Wenchuan earthquake disaster reconnaissance ofbuildings and post-disaster reconstruction analysis[M].Beijing:China Architecture&Building Press,2008:142-163.(in Chinese))
[4]王成.玉树4.14地震建筑结构震害调查与分析[J].建筑结构,2010,40(8):106-109.(WangCheng.Investigation and analysis of building structuredamage in Yushu Earthquake[J].Building Structure,2010,40(8):106-109.(in Chinese))
[5]王满生,杨威,陈俞,纪晓东,赵作周,钱稼茹.北京地区农村砖木结构振动台试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2012,32(1):128-133.(WangMansheng,Yang Wei,Chen Yu,Ji Xiaodong,ZhaoZuozhou,Qian Jiaru.Shaking table test on a typicalbrick-timber structure model in rural areas of Beijing[J].Journal of Earthquake Engineering andEngineering Vibration,2012,32(1):128-133.(inChinese))
[6]周铁钢,王庆霖,胡昕.新疆砖木结构民居抗震试验研究与对策分析[J].世界地震工程,2008,24(4):120-124.(Zhou Tiegang,Wang Qinglin,HuXin.Seismic test research and countermeasures analysisof brick-wood structural dwellings in Xinjiang[J].World Earthquake Engineering,2008,24(4):120-124.(in Chinese))
[7]周燕.砖木结构1/4模型振动台试验与理论研究[D].西安:西安建筑科技大学,2007.(Zhou Yan.The shaking table test and theory investigation for 1/4scale half-timbered model[D].Xi’an:Xi’anUniversity of Architecture and Technology,2007.(inChinese))
[8]Bothara J K,Dhakal R P,Mander J B.Seismicperformance of an unreinforced masonry building:anexperimental investigation[J].Earthquake Engineeringand Structural Dynamics,2010,39(1):45-68.
[9]Kazemi M T,Hosseinzadeh Asl M,Bakhshi A,Rehimzadeh Rofooei F.Shaking table study of a full-scale single storey confined brick masonry building[J].Scientia Iranica,2010,17(3):184-193.
[10]GB50011—2010建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2010.(GB50011—2010Codefor seismic design of buildings[S].Beijing:ChinaArchitecture&Building Press,2010.(in Chinese))
[11]黄忠邦,刘瑞金.砖房抗震加固中若干问题的分析和探讨[J].工业建筑,1995,25(7):35-38,57.(Huang Zhongbang,Liu Ruijin.Analysis and search tosome problems of a seismic strengthening on brickbuilding[J].Industrial Construction,1995,25(7):35-38,57.(in Chinese))
[12]王凤来.汶川地震建筑震害分析与受损建筑加固通用图集[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2009:72-74.
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