青海省天峻县木里地区天然气水合物地震响应特征
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摘要
天然气水合物是一种新型的潜在能源,广泛分布于大陆边缘海底沉积物和陆上永久冻土带中。2008年,在祁连山冻土区首次钻获天然气水合物实物样品。2010年,在木里地区开展了反射地震方法探测天然气水合物的试验研究,通过综合分析解释反射地震资料和地质资料,初步认为含天然气水合物介质形成的反射波在地震剖面上具有低速、弱振幅、高频的特征。在成藏机制上,天然气水合物的分布与深部断裂破碎带有关,天然气沿深部断裂构造向上运移,并受冻土层的封闭而富集,在合适的温压条件下形成天然气水合物矿藏。
Natural gas hydrate is a new potential energy source distributed widely in epicontinental seabed sediments and continental permafrost.Physical samples of natural gas hydrate were collected for the first time by drilling in the permafrost region of the Qilian Mountain in 2008.An experimental study of the seismic reflection method in Muli area was carried out for the detection of natural gas hydrate in 2010.Based on a comprehensive analysis and interpretation of seismic,well log and geological data,the authors consider preliminarily that reflections formed by natural gas hydrate media along the seismic profile possess characteristics of low velocity and low amplitude as well as high frequency,and that the distribution of natural gas hydrate is associated with the deep fault zone.As for the formation mechanism of gas resources,it is held that the gas moves up along the deep fault and is enriched and closed by the permafrost,and the gas hydrate deposits are formed under the suitable temperature-pressure conditions.
Natural gas hydrate is a new potential energy source distributed widely in epicontinental seabed sediments and continental permafrost.Physical samples of natural gas hydrate were collected for the first time by drilling in the permafrost region of the Qilian Mountain in 2008.An experimental study of the seismic reflection method in Muli area was carried out for the detection of natural gas hydrate in 2010.Based on a comprehensive analysis and interpretation of seismic,well log and geological data,the authors consider preliminarily that reflections formed by natural gas hydrate media along the seismic profile possess characteristics of low velocity and low amplitude as well as high frequency,and that the distribution of natural gas hydrate is associated with the deep fault zone.As for the formation mechanism of gas resources,it is held that the gas moves up along the deep fault and is enriched and closed by the permafrost,and the gas hydrate deposits are formed under the suitable temperature-pressure conditions.
引文
[1]祝有海,张永勤,文怀军,等.青海祁连山冻土区发现天然气水合物[J].地质学报,2009,83(11):1762-1770.
[2]祝有海,张永勤,文怀军,等.祁连山冻土区天然气水合物及其基本特征[J].地球学报,2011,31(1):7-16.
[3]Milkereit B,Adam E,Li Z,et al.Multi-offset vertical seismic profil-ing:an experiment to assess petrophysical-scale parameters at theJAPEX/JNOC/GSC et al.Mallik 5L-38 gas hydrate production re-search well[J].Geological Survey of Canada,Bulletin,2005,585:1-13.
[4]Schmitt D R,Welz M,Rokosh C D.High-resolution seismic imag-ing over thick permafrost at the 2002 Mallik drill site[J].Geological Sur-vey of Canada,Bulletin,2005,585:1-13.
[5]Miller R D,Hunter J A,Doll W E,et al.High-resolution seismicimaging of the gas hydrate stability zone at the Mallik L-38 researchsite[J].Geological Survey of Canada,Bulletin,2005,585:1-14.
[6]Michacel Riedel,Gilles Bellefleur,Stephanie Mair,et al.Acousticimpedance inversion and seismic reflection continuity analysis for de-lineating gas hydrate resources near the Mallik research sites,Macken-zie Delta,Northwest Territories,Canada[J].Geophysics,2009,74(5):B125-B137.
[7]冯益民.祁连造山带研究概况——历史、现状及展望[J].地球科学进展,1997,12(4):307-314.
[8]祝有海,刘亚玲,张永勤.祁连山多年冻土区天然气水合物的形成条件[J].地质通报,2006,25(1/2):58-63.
[9]杨传胜,李刚,龚建明,等.断裂对天然气水合物成藏的控制作用[J].海洋地质动态,2009,25(6):1-5.
[10]徐明才,高景华,等.金属矿地震勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,2009.
[2]祝有海,张永勤,文怀军,等.祁连山冻土区天然气水合物及其基本特征[J].地球学报,2011,31(1):7-16.
[3]Milkereit B,Adam E,Li Z,et al.Multi-offset vertical seismic profil-ing:an experiment to assess petrophysical-scale parameters at theJAPEX/JNOC/GSC et al.Mallik 5L-38 gas hydrate production re-search well[J].Geological Survey of Canada,Bulletin,2005,585:1-13.
[4]Schmitt D R,Welz M,Rokosh C D.High-resolution seismic imag-ing over thick permafrost at the 2002 Mallik drill site[J].Geological Sur-vey of Canada,Bulletin,2005,585:1-13.
[5]Miller R D,Hunter J A,Doll W E,et al.High-resolution seismicimaging of the gas hydrate stability zone at the Mallik L-38 researchsite[J].Geological Survey of Canada,Bulletin,2005,585:1-14.
[6]Michacel Riedel,Gilles Bellefleur,Stephanie Mair,et al.Acousticimpedance inversion and seismic reflection continuity analysis for de-lineating gas hydrate resources near the Mallik research sites,Macken-zie Delta,Northwest Territories,Canada[J].Geophysics,2009,74(5):B125-B137.
[7]冯益民.祁连造山带研究概况——历史、现状及展望[J].地球科学进展,1997,12(4):307-314.
[8]祝有海,刘亚玲,张永勤.祁连山多年冻土区天然气水合物的形成条件[J].地质通报,2006,25(1/2):58-63.
[9]杨传胜,李刚,龚建明,等.断裂对天然气水合物成藏的控制作用[J].海洋地质动态,2009,25(6):1-5.
[10]徐明才,高景华,等.金属矿地震勘探[M].北京:地质出版社,2009.
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