非饱和黄土动残余应变关键影响参量与量值估算
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摘要
通过分析非饱和黄土动残余应变的物理过程与力学机制,研究影响动残余应变的关键参量;结合室内动(静)三轴试验数据,提出应用关键影响参量求算该动残余应变的分布拆解方法。结果表明,非饱和黄土动残余应变实质上是土体广义固相介质响应外部动荷载作用的再固结过程,其关键影响参量可归纳为土体广义固相介质的强度、体积特征和外部动荷载特征。强度特征对应土体抵御外部荷载的能力,可用室内土工测试获取的黏聚力与内摩擦角宏观表征;体积特征反映土体潜在的再固结性态,可用表征土体欠压密程度的孔隙比描述。基于非饱和土三相概念的分布拆解方法,其求算过程具备较为明确的物理含义,对建立合理、实用的非饱和黄土动(静)塑性形变本构关系具有理论意义。
By analyzing the physical process and mechanism of the dynamic residual strain of unsaturated loess,critical influence parameters are investigated.By contrast with laboratory data of unsaturated loess specimens under dynamic/static triaxial tests,consequently,a magnitude estimation method with two individual formulas is proposed for the dynamic residual strain of nature loess.The analysis results show that the dynamic residual strain of unsaturated loess could be described as a consolidation response of generalized solid-phase-media of loess mass under external dynamic loads.Meanwhile,critical parameters influencing the dynamic residual strain of unsaturated loess include two aspects,which are the strength and volume characteristics of the generalized solid-phase-media and the external dynamic loads features,respectively.For above-mentioned critical characteristics,the strength could be figured by cohesion and internal friction angle,both expediently obtained through laboratory geotechnical tests,while the volume could be described by void ratio,which reflects the under-compacted status of loess mass.Generally,the former shows the endurance capacity of loess to resist external dynamic loads and the latter describes the settlement capacity of loess under an external dynamic load.In the analysis of magnitude estimation method for dynamic residual strain of unsaturated loess proposed here,the results of physical mechanism and critical influence parameters are considered comprehensively.It will be helpful,therefore,to establish a reasonable and practical constitutive model for plastic deformation of unsaturated loess under dynamic/static loading.
By analyzing the physical process and mechanism of the dynamic residual strain of unsaturated loess,critical influence parameters are investigated.By contrast with laboratory data of unsaturated loess specimens under dynamic/static triaxial tests,consequently,a magnitude estimation method with two individual formulas is proposed for the dynamic residual strain of nature loess.The analysis results show that the dynamic residual strain of unsaturated loess could be described as a consolidation response of generalized solid-phase-media of loess mass under external dynamic loads.Meanwhile,critical parameters influencing the dynamic residual strain of unsaturated loess include two aspects,which are the strength and volume characteristics of the generalized solid-phase-media and the external dynamic loads features,respectively.For above-mentioned critical characteristics,the strength could be figured by cohesion and internal friction angle,both expediently obtained through laboratory geotechnical tests,while the volume could be described by void ratio,which reflects the under-compacted status of loess mass.Generally,the former shows the endurance capacity of loess to resist external dynamic loads and the latter describes the settlement capacity of loess under an external dynamic load.In the analysis of magnitude estimation method for dynamic residual strain of unsaturated loess proposed here,the results of physical mechanism and critical influence parameters are considered comprehensively.It will be helpful,therefore,to establish a reasonable and practical constitutive model for plastic deformation of unsaturated loess under dynamic/static loading.
引文
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[11]谢定义.试论我国黄土力学研究中的若干新趋向[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(1):3-13.(XIE Dingyi.Exploration of some newtendencies in research of loess soil mechanics[J].Chinese Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering,2001,23(1):3-13.(in Chinese))
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[13]王兰民,张振中.地震时黄土震陷量的估算方法[J].自然灾害学报,1993,2(3):85-94.(WANG Lanmin,ZHANG Zhenzhong.Amethod of estimating the quantity of seismic subsidence in loessdeposits during earthquakes[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,1993,2(3):85-94.(in Chinese))
[14]邓津,王兰民,张振中.黄土显微结构特征与震陷性[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(4):542-548.(DENG Jin,WANG Lanmin,ZHANGZhenzhong.Microstructure characteristics and seismic subsidence ofloess[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(4):542-548.(in Chinese))
[15]王兰民,邓津,黄媛.黄土震陷性的微观结构量化分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增1):3025-3031.(WANG Lanmin,DENG Jin,HUANG Yuan.Quantitative analysis of microstructure ofloess seismic subsidence[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2007,26(Supp.1):3 025-3 031.(in Chinese))
[16]ABED A A,VERMEER P A.Numerical simulation of unsaturated soilbehaviour[J].International Journal of Computer Applications inTechnology,2009,34(1):2-12.
[17]沈珠江.广义吸力和非饱和土的统一变形理论[J].岩土工程学报,1996,18(2):1-9.(SHEN Zhujiang.Generalized suction and unifieddeformation theory for unsaturated soil[J].Chinese Journal of GeotechnicalEngineering,1996,18(2):1-9.(in Chinese))
[18]孙军杰.黄土场地震陷与桩基负摩阻力现场试验研究[博士学位论文][D].兰州:兰州大学,2010.(SUN Junjie.Study on seismicsubsidence of loess and negative skin friction along piles by fieldtest[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2010.(in Chinese))
[19]常士骠.工程地质手册[M].3版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004:449.(CHANG Shibiao.Handbook of engineering geology[M].3rd ed.Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2004:449.(inChinese))
[20]《数学手册》编写组.数学手册[M].1版.北京:高等教育出版社,2005:88-89.(Editorial Group of Mathematical Handbook.Mathematicalhandbook[M].1st ed.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2005:88-89.(in Chinese))
[21]SEED H B,IDRISS I M.Simplified procedure for evaluating soilliquefaction potential[J].Journal of Soil Mechanics and FoundationEngineering Division,ASCE,1971,97(9):1 249-1 273.
[22]钱家欢,殷宗泽.土工原理与计算[M].2版.北京:中国水利水电出版社,1996:499.(QIAN Jiahuan,YIN Zongze.Principle andcalculation of geotechnical engineering[M].2nd ed.Beijing:ChinaWater Power Press,1996:499.(in Chinese))
[2]雷祥义.中国黄土的孔隙类型与湿陷性[J].中国科学:B辑,1987,17(12):1 309-1 316.(LEI Xiangyi.Pore type and collapsibility ofloess in China[J].Science in China:Series B,1987,17(12):1 309-1 316.(in Chinese))
[3]高国瑞.黄土显微结构分类与湿陷性[J].中国科学:A辑,1980,23(12):1 203-1 208.(GAO Guorui.Microstructure of loess in China[J].Science in China:Series A,1980,23(12):1 203-1 208.(in Chinese))
[4]王永焱,滕志宏.中国黄土的显微结构及其在时代上和区域上的变化[J].科学通报,1982,27(2):102-105.(WANG Yongyan,TENGZhihong.Microstructure characteristics and variation with ages andregions of loess in China[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1982,27(2):102-105.(in Chinese))
[5]王兰民,石玉成,刘旭,等.黄土动力学[M].北京:地震出版社,2003:47-63.(WANG Lanmin,SHI Yucheng,LIU Xu,et al.Loess dynamics[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,2003:47-63.(inChinese))
[6]苗天德,刘忠玉,任九生.湿陷性黄土的变形机制与本构关系[J].岩土工程学报,1999,21(4):783-787.(MIAO Tiande,LIU Zhongyu,REN Jiusheng.Deformation mechanism and constitutive relation ofcollapsible loess[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1999,21(4):783-787.(in Chinese))
[7]ROGERS C D F,DIJKSTRA T A,SMALLEY I J.Hydroconsolidationand subsidence of loess:studies from China,Russia,North Americaand Europe[J].Engineering Geology,1994,37(2):83-113.
[8]FEDA J.Structural stability of subsident loess soils from Praha-Dejvice[J].Engineering Geology,1966,1(3):201-219.
[9]杨运来.黄土湿陷机制的研究[J].中国科学:B辑,1988,18(7):756-766.(YANG Yunlai.Study of collapse mechanism of loess[J].Science in China:Series B,1988,18(7):756-766.(in Chinese))
[10]高国瑞.我国黄土湿陷性质的形成研究[J].南京建筑工程学院学报,1994,11(2):1-8.(GAO Guorui.Astudy on the causes of loesscollapsibility in China[J].Journal of Nanjing Architectural and CivilEngineering Institute,1994,11(2):1-8.(in Chinese))
[11]谢定义.试论我国黄土力学研究中的若干新趋向[J].岩土工程学报,2001,23(1):3-13.(XIE Dingyi.Exploration of some newtendencies in research of loess soil mechanics[J].Chinese Journal ofGeotechnical Engineering,2001,23(1):3-13.(in Chinese))
[12]甘肃省建设科技专家委员会,中国地震局兰州地震研究所.DB62/T25-3037—2006兰州市区建筑抗震设计规程[S].兰州:甘肃省工程建设标准管理办公室,2007:12-13.(Construction Scienceand Technology Expert Committee of Gansu Province,LanzhouInstitute of Seismology,China Earthquake Administration.DB62/T25-3037—2006 Code for seismic design of buildings in Lanzhou urbanarea[S].Lanzhou:Management Office of Engineering ConstructionStandard of Gansu Province,2007:12-13.(in Chinese))
[13]王兰民,张振中.地震时黄土震陷量的估算方法[J].自然灾害学报,1993,2(3):85-94.(WANG Lanmin,ZHANG Zhenzhong.Amethod of estimating the quantity of seismic subsidence in loessdeposits during earthquakes[J].Journal of Natural Disasters,1993,2(3):85-94.(in Chinese))
[14]邓津,王兰民,张振中.黄土显微结构特征与震陷性[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(4):542-548.(DENG Jin,WANG Lanmin,ZHANGZhenzhong.Microstructure characteristics and seismic subsidence ofloess[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(4):542-548.(in Chinese))
[15]王兰民,邓津,黄媛.黄土震陷性的微观结构量化分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(增1):3025-3031.(WANG Lanmin,DENG Jin,HUANG Yuan.Quantitative analysis of microstructure ofloess seismic subsidence[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics andEngineering,2007,26(Supp.1):3 025-3 031.(in Chinese))
[16]ABED A A,VERMEER P A.Numerical simulation of unsaturated soilbehaviour[J].International Journal of Computer Applications inTechnology,2009,34(1):2-12.
[17]沈珠江.广义吸力和非饱和土的统一变形理论[J].岩土工程学报,1996,18(2):1-9.(SHEN Zhujiang.Generalized suction and unifieddeformation theory for unsaturated soil[J].Chinese Journal of GeotechnicalEngineering,1996,18(2):1-9.(in Chinese))
[18]孙军杰.黄土场地震陷与桩基负摩阻力现场试验研究[博士学位论文][D].兰州:兰州大学,2010.(SUN Junjie.Study on seismicsubsidence of loess and negative skin friction along piles by fieldtest[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2010.(in Chinese))
[19]常士骠.工程地质手册[M].3版.北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2004:449.(CHANG Shibiao.Handbook of engineering geology[M].3rd ed.Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2004:449.(inChinese))
[20]《数学手册》编写组.数学手册[M].1版.北京:高等教育出版社,2005:88-89.(Editorial Group of Mathematical Handbook.Mathematicalhandbook[M].1st ed.Beijing:Higher Education Press,2005:88-89.(in Chinese))
[21]SEED H B,IDRISS I M.Simplified procedure for evaluating soilliquefaction potential[J].Journal of Soil Mechanics and FoundationEngineering Division,ASCE,1971,97(9):1 249-1 273.
[22]钱家欢,殷宗泽.土工原理与计算[M].2版.北京:中国水利水电出版社,1996:499.(QIAN Jiahuan,YIN Zongze.Principle andcalculation of geotechnical engineering[M].2nd ed.Beijing:ChinaWater Power Press,1996:499.(in Chinese))
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